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做一个终身读者
① 读者是一个美好的身份。每个人在一生中会有各种其他的身份,例如学生、教师、作家、工程师、企业家等,但是,如果不同时也是一个读者,这个人就肯定存在着某种缺陷。一个不是读者的学生,不管他考试成绩多么优秀,本质上不是一个优秀的人才。一个不是读者的作家,我们有理由怀疑他作为作家的资格。在很大程度上,人类精神文明的成果是以书籍的形式保存的,而读书就是享用这些成果并把它们据为己有的过程。换言之,做一个读者,就是加入到人类精神文明的传统中去,做一个文明人。相反,对于不是读者的人来说,凝聚在书籍中的人类精神财富等于不存在,他们不去享用和占有这笔宝贵的财富,一个人惟有在成了读者以后才会知道,这是多么巨大的损失。历史上有许多伟大的人物,在他们众所周知的声誉背后,往往有一个人所不知的身份,便是终身读者,即一辈子爱读书的人。在某种意义上,一个民族的精神素质也取决于人口中高趣味读者的比例。
②然而,一个人并不是随便读点什么就可以称作读者的。在我看来,一个真正的读者应该具备以下特征——
③ 第一,养成了读书的癖好。也就是说,读书成了生活的必需,真正感到不可缺少,几天不读书就寝食不安,自惭形秽。如果你必须强迫自己才能读几页书,你就还不能算是一个真正的读者。当然,这种情形绝非刻意为之,而是自然而然的,是品尝到了阅读的快乐之后的必然结果。事实上,每个人天性中都蕴含着好奇心和求知欲,因而都有可能依靠自己去发现和领略阅读的快乐。遗憾的是,当今功利至上的教育体制正在无情地扼杀人性中这种最宝贵的特质。在这种情形下,我只能向有见识的教师和家长反复呼吁,请你们尽最大可能保护孩子的好奇心,能保护多少是多少,能抢救一个是一个。我还要提醒那些聪明的孩子,在达到一定年龄之后,你们要善于向现行教育争自由,学会自我保护和自救。
④第二,形成了自己的读书趣味。世上书籍如汪洋大海,再热衷的书迷也不可能穷尽,只能尝其一瓢,区别在于尝哪一瓢。读书是一件非常私人的事情,喜欢读什么书,不论范围是宽是窄,都应该有自己的选择,体现了自己的个性和兴趣。其实,形成个人趣味与养成读书癖好是不可分的,正因为找到了和预感到了书中知己,才会锲而不舍,欲罢不能。没有自己的趣味,仅凭道听途说东瞧瞧,西翻翻,连兴趣也谈不上。针对当今图书市场的现状,我要特别强调,千万不要追随媒体的宣传只读一些畅销书和时尚书,倘若那样,你绝对成不了真正的读者,永远只是文化市场上的消费大众而已。须知时尚和文明完全是两回事,一个受时尚支配的人仅仅生活在事物的表面,貌似前卫,本质上却是一个野蛮人,惟有扎根于人类精神文明土壤中的人才是真正的文明人。
⑤第三,有较高的读书品位。一个真正的读者具备基本的判断力和鉴赏力,仿佛拥有一种内在的嗅觉,能够嗅出一本书的优劣,本能地拒斥劣书,倾心好书。这种能力部分地来自阅读的经验,但更多地源自一个人灵魂的品质。当然,灵魂的品质是可以不断提高的,读好书也是提高的途径,二者之间有一种良性循环的关系。重要的是一开始就给自己确立一个标准,每读一本书,一定要在精神上有收获,能够进一步开启你的心智。只要坚持这个标准,灵魂的品质和对书的判断力就自然会同步得到提高。一旦你的灵魂足够丰富和深刻,你就会发现,你已经上升到了一种高度,不再能容忍那些贫乏和浅薄的书了。
⑥能否成为一个真正的读者,青少年时期是关键。经验证明,一个人在这个时期倘若没有养成读好书的习惯,以后再要培养就比较难了,倘若养成了,则必定终身受用。青少年对未来有种种美好的理想,我对你们的祝愿是,在你们的人生蓝图中千万不要遗漏了这一种理想,就是立志做一个真正的读者,一个终身读者。
(周国平)
【小题1】本文的中心论点是什么?(2分)
【小题2】为第①自然段的画线句找一个事例论据来支持一下。(3分)
【小题3】第4自然段的画线句运用了什么论证方法?有什么作用?(4分)
【小题4】请简述本文的论述过程。(3分) 查看习题详情和答案>>
听力部分(25分)
一.听对话回答问题(共5小题,计5分)(借鉴)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What is the woman looking for?
A.A museum
B.A bank
C.A supermarket
2.Where are they going to have lunch?
A.In the park
B.At home
C.In the office
3.What's the time now?
A.7∶50
B.7∶55
C.8∶00
4.Who might the man be?
A.A waiter
B.A policeman
C.A visitor
5.How much does the ticket cost?
A.$ 37
B.$ 76
C.$ 63
二.听长对话回答问题(共6小题,计12分)
听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段对话,回答第6,7和8三个小题。现在,你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三题。
6.Who called Laura?
A.Brian
B.Paul
C.Peter
7.What did the man ask Laura to do with him?
A.Do some sports on Sunday.
B.Go to a friend's party.
C.See a classmate in the hospital
8.When and where are they going to meet?
A.At 2∶00pm at the gate of Laura's house
B.At 3∶00pm at the gate of Brain's house
C.At 3∶00pm at the gate of the hospital
听下面一段对话,回答第9,10和11三个小题。现在,你有15秒种的时间阅读这三题。
9.What is Tom going to be when he grows up?
A.An animal doctor.
B.A teacher.
C.A policeman.
10.What is Tom's sister going to be when she grows up?
A.A singer
B.A dancer
C.A policewoman
11.What does Miss Wang think of her job?
A.Very boring
B.Very interesting.
C.Very helpful.
三.听说明选择答案(共4小题,计8分)
听下面一段说明,并按说明上的要求在试卷上完成任务。你可以边听边完成任务,然后你会看到与说明相关的4个问题和相关的选项。请从每个问题A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听说明前,你有20秒钟的时间阅读有关材料和4个小题。听完说明后,你有20秒钟的时间来选择有关选项。说明连读两遍。
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12.How many signs are you asked to circle?
A.Five.
B.Six.
C.Seven.
13.How many signs are you asked to fill in the blank behind B?
A.Three.
B.One.
C.Zero.
14.Which is the last blank the speaker ask you to fill in?
A.The blank behind A.
B.The blank behind C.
C.The blank behind D.
15.Which blank you filled in has the most signs?
A.The blank behind A.
B.The blank behind B.
C.The blank behind C.
听力部分(25分)
听短对话,回答问题(共5小题,计5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the man do first?
A.Help the woman start the car.
B.Go to the doctor's.
C.Ask others for help.
2.How much did the woman's daughter pay for her coat?
A.$200.
B.$150.
C.$100.
3.What classes did Yu Mei use to take?
A.Swimming classes.
B.Gym classes.
C.Music classes.
4.What should Molly do tonight?
A.Go to the cinema.
B.Do her schoolwork.
C.Go out with friends.
5.How often can Jack play computer games?
A.Every day.
B.Twice a week.
C.Three times a week.
二、听较长对话,回答问题(共6小题,计12分)
听下面一段对话,回答第6至第8三个小题。现在,你有15秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。
6.What time will the match begin?
A.At 8∶00 p. m.
B.At 7∶30 p. m.
C.At 6∶00 p. m.
7.How many tickets has the girl got?
A.One
B.Two
C.Three
8..When may the dialogue happen?
A.In the morning
B.At noon
C.In the evening.
听下面一段对话,回答第9至第11三个小题。现在,你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。
9.What's the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A.Neighbors.
B.Salesman and customer.
C.Teacher and student.
10.What is Mr.Charles doing?
A.He's mending the ladder.
B.He's painting a picture
C.He's painting the bathroom.
11.Why can't Mrs.Charles lend the ladder(梯子)to Mr.Morgan now?
A.Because it is broken.
B.Because her husband is using it.
C.Because Mr.Morgan doesn't like it.
三:听独白,回答问题(共4小题,计8分)
听下面一段独白,并按独白的要求在试卷上完成任务。你可以边听边完成任务,然后你会看到与独白相关的4个问题和相关的选项。请从每个问题A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听独白前,你有20秒钟的时间阅读有关材料和4个小题。听完独白后,你有20秒钟的时间来选择有关选项。独白连读两遍。
12.What's the number for “A”?
A.664.
B.864.
C.648.
13.What number will we get at last?
A.13
B.6
C.11
14.What does the speaker tell you to do at the end of the talk?
A.To have a try by yourself.
B.To do homework.
C.To have a discussion.
15.What's the number for “B” if we use 133 as
the first three-digit number?
A.113.
B.143.
C.133.
听力部分(25分)
一.听对话回答问题(共5小题,计5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.How many hours did John sleep last night?
A.Four
B.Five
C.Nine
2.How does Jason want to go to the shop?
A.By bus
B.On foot
C.By car
3.What is Jake doing for the summer vacation?
A.He is visiting his grandparents.
B.He is visiting his teachers.
C.He is visiting his friends.
4.Where is Tony going later?
A.To the supermarket
B.To the park
C.To the library
5.What does the girl think of Jason’s Shop?
A.It’s the best clothes shop.
B.The clothes are the most expensive.
C.The service is the best
二.听长对话回答问题(共5小题,计10分)
听下面2段对话。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段对话,回答第6至8三个小题。现在,你有15秒钟的时间阅读这两题。
6.What does the girl want to buy?
A.Postcards
B.Books.
C.Magazines
7.How long does it take to walk to the bookshop?
A.About fifteen minutes.
B.About half an hour.
C.About an hour.
8.How does the girl go to the bookshop at last?
A.By taxi
B.On foot
C.By bus
听下面一段对话,回答第9至第11三个小题。现在,你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。对话读两遍。(提示:suddenly 突然地)
9.Where was Helen when the sandstorm started?
A.At home.
B.In a park.
C.On the way to school.
10.What place did Kate run into after a tree nearly hit her?
A.A store
B.Her school
C.A hospital
11.How long did the sandstorm last(持续)?
A.About an hour.
B.About ten minutes.
C.About half an hour.
三、听独白,回答问题(共5小题,计10分)
听下面一段独白,并按独白中的信息完成表格中的内容,你可以边听边完成任务。然后你会看到4个问题和相关的选项。请从每个问题三个选项中选出最佳选项。听独白前你有20秒钟的时间阅读有关材料和4个小题。听完独白后,你有20秒的时间来选择有关选项。独白连续读两遍。
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12.What should we write in the third blank?
A.8X-420
B.6X-360
C.4X-180
13.What should we write in the second blank?
A.60.
B.120
C.180
14.How much money did the magician get?
A.60 dollars.
B.120 dollars.
C.180 dollars.
15.What subject is this game about?
A.science
B.maths.
C.English.
听力部分(25分)
一、听短对话,回答问题(共5小题,计5分)
听下面5段对话,每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are they talking about?
A.Buying a birthday present.
B.Learning English.
C.Having a birthday party.
2.What does the woman mean?
A.The man should stop smoking.
B.The man should stop drinking coffee.
C.Drinking coffee is better than smoking.
3.What is the most useful way for Eric to improve his English?
A.Watching English movies.
B.Reading magazines.
C.Practicing speaking English.
4.What is Teddy’s attitude(态度)to too much homework?
A.To copy others’.
B.To try his best.
C.To forget it.
5.What did the girl use to do according to the dialogue?
A.Go to bed late.
B.Be afraid of her father.
C.Sleep with the light on.
二、听较长对话,回答问题(共6小题,计12分)
听下面两段长对话。每段对话后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前,你有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话读两遍。
听下面一段对话,回答第6至第8小题,对话读两遍。现在,你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。
6.What do they want to do next Spring Festival?
A.Follow the customs.
B.Have a special one.
C.Just stay at home.
7.What kind of places does the man prefer to visit?
A.Cities.
B.Beaches.
C.Swimming pools.
8.Who are the two speakers according to the dialogue?
A couple.
B.Mother and son.
C.Father and daughter.
听下面一段对话,回答第9至第11小题,对话读两遍。现在,你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。
9.What will the weather probably be like tomorrow?
A.Sunny.
B.Cloudy.
C.Rainy.
10.What does the boy plan to do at first?
A.Go on a picnic.
B.Go to the cinema.
C.Play ping-pong.
11.What does the boy finally decide to do?
A.Go to the cinema.
B.Read computer books.
C.Play ping-pong.
三、听独白,回答问题(共4小题,计8分)
听下面一段独白,并按独白的要求在试卷上完成任务,你可以边听边完成任务,然后你会看到4个问题和相关的选项。请从每个问题A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听独白前,你有20秒钟的时间阅读有关材料和4个小题。听完独白后,你有20秒钟的时间来选择有关选项。独白连读两遍。
参考词汇:
amylum:['?m?l?m]淀粉 iodine['a??da?n]碘酒 dissolve[d?'z?lv]溶解
chopstick['t??pst?k]筷子 mixture['m?kst??]混合物 Vitamin[v?t?m?n]维生素
12.What is not used in this experiment(实验)?
A.Boiling water.
B.Vegetable.
C.Milk.
13.What can be used if you don’t have a glass?
A.A glass
B.A bowl
C.A chopstick(筷子)
14.Which of the following is the last step of the experiment?
A.Put a little amylum(淀粉)into the glass.
B.Drop(滴)some iodine(碘酒)into the mixture(混合物).
C.Drop the juice of the green vegetables into the glass.
15.What color will it be if there is some Vitamin C(维生素C)in the vegetable?
A.Blue
B.Milk white
C.Yellow