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①为什么名著能够经受时间和文化的洗礼而流传下来？有人说是因为它们文字优美，有人说是因为它们故事情节动人，还有人说它们深刻地剖析了人性。最近一项对英国维多利亚文学的读者调查发现，最后一种说法可能是小说具有持久魅力的重要原因，因为小说反映了我们人类在进化过程中形成的观念，或者说是某种形式的人性。
②美国密苏里大学的专家们专门研究了达尔文的进化理论如何应用到了文学中。他们做了一次调查，让500个读者填写了关于200部维多利亚女王时代的小说的调查问卷。被调查者要填写自己认为的主角或配角的性格特点，然后描述他们的个性和动机，比如他们是否有责任心或者支配欲很强等。
③结果发现，小说中的角色可以划分为鲜明的几类。一般来说，那些主角，比如简?奥斯汀的名著《傲慢与偏见》中的伊丽莎白?贝内特，她在责任心、有教养方面获得了读者的高分，而那些配角在获取社会地位、支配欲上的得分很高。而且在小说中，有支配欲的角色受到了作者的强烈谴责，这些坏家伙都是一些想支配他人的“机器”，他们过于我行我素，很少有亲近社会的行为。
④其实，中国小说中的角色也有类似的现象。比如在《三国演义》中，刘备是作者力捧的正面人物，不仅有“携民渡江”的高度责任心，还一心一意要匡扶汉室，拯救天下苍生；而曹操则是小说中的大反派，“宁可我负天下人，不可教天下人负我”就是出自他口，而且挟天子以令诸侯，具有极强的权力欲和支配欲。
⑤专家们分析了调查结果后认为，这些对立的小说角色其实反映了人类经历了漫长的狩猎－采集原始社会后形成的集体观念，在那样的社会中，由于要和自然界进行艰苦的抗争，个人的强势被部落集体的利益所压制了。而小说中恰恰反映了个人支配欲和集体利益之间的根本对立，虽然在今天的世界上很少有人还生活在狩猎－采集社会，但这个永恒的主题依然让小说深入人心，因为它的确反映了远古形成的人性。
⑥另外一些角色的分数介于好人和坏人之间，比如《呼啸山庄》中的西斯科里夫或者《傲慢与偏见》中的达西先生，他们在小说中的出现表明，人们为了维护集体的社会秩序，对个人产生了压力，这种冲突以这些角色的形式被反映了出来。
⑦小说就像是一种粘合社会的胶水，增强了那些能造福整个社会的行为，这些行为可能是人类在与环境的抗争中逐渐进化出来的。另一方面，小说和某些社会警示故事的效果是一样的。在原始社会，打猎为生的原始人谈论一些人的欺骗和欺凌弱小的行为，以达到不让坏人得偿所愿的目的。而小说同样起到了这个效果，人们通过阅读小说，了解了坏人的伎俩，避免自己今后上当受骗。
⑧小说不仅是进化的产物，它实际上也正在影响人类社会未来的进化。
【小题1】阅读第①段，说说“为什么名著能够经受时间和文化的洗礼而流传下来”。
【小题2】第⑤段中“永恒的主题”指的是什么？
【小题3】结合全文，谈谈你对最后一段的理解。
【小题4】请结合《简?爱》或《水浒传》的内容，位第③段或第④段增加一个事实论据。
第（ ）段： 查看习题详情和答案>>
(一)录音中有五个句子，每个句子听一遍，然后从每小题A、B、C中选出能对每个句子做适当反应的答语
1. A. Thank you. B. With pleasure. C. Very well.
2. A. I\'ll do that. B. Yes, please. C, The same to you.
3. A. Yes, you are right. B. I\'m glad you like it. C. Never mind.
4. A. Sorry, I don\'t know. B. Certainly. Good idea. D. Sure. No problem.
5. A. That\'s right. B. You are welcome. C. I\'m afraid I can\'t.
(二)录音中有五组对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中，选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。
7. Who will receive the present?
A. Bob. B. Bob\'s father. C. Bob\'s mother.
8. Where does the conversation happen?
A. At a meeting. B. At dinner. C. At a party.
9. How will they go home?
A. On foot. B. By bus. C. By car.
10. What does the woman want to know? She wants to know .
A. what the man usually does after work
B. what the man does with the most of his money
C. how much money the man makes
(三)录音中有一段对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中，选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。
11. Where is the new sports centre?
A. Near Straight Road.
B. On Long Street.
C. Beside the station.
12. What sport can\'t people do now at the sports centre?
A. Table tennis. B. Volleyball. C. Swimming.
13. How much should you pay for a year-ticket if you are 16?
A. $,40. B. $ 50. C. $ 60.
14. Why will they go to the sports centre next Friday?
A. They won\'t have any classes.
B. They can play there longer.
C. The tickets will be cheaper.
15. What\'s the relationship(关系) between the two speakers?
A. Schoolmates. B. Workmates. C. Twins.
(四)录音中有一篇短文，听短文两遍后，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中，选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。
16. Who is speaking?
A. An answerphone. B. A manager. C. A policeman.
17. What is the new phone number?
A. 8478966. B. 8478698. C. 8478696.
18. What are the business hours of the Travel Office?
A. From 8:00 a. m. to 5 : 00 p. m.
B. From 9:00 a. m. to 5 :00 p. m.
C. From 9：00 a. m. to 6:00 p. m.
19. What present can you get if your holiday costs £500?
A. A travel bag. B. A free ticket. C. A special price.
20. What do we know about the North Seas Travel Office?
A. It\'s a little difficult to find its new address.
B. It gives every traveler a present.
C. It has many holidays at special prices.
（一）交际应答。录音中有五个句子，每个句子听一遍，然后从每小题A、B、C中选出能对每个句子做出适当反应的答语。
1.A.Yes, please. B.Good idea. C.Of course, it is.
2.A.Certainly you are. B.Sure. Hold on, please. C.I’ll do that.
3.A.Oh, they are over there. B.I’m glad you’ve found it. C.Go straight and turn left.
4. A.OK, I wil. B.Yes, I think so. C.Good for you.
5.A.Never mind. B.You are welcome. C.I’m sorry.
(二)情景反应。录音中有五组对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。
6.When will Mrs White come back?
A.Right now. B.Quite soon. C.At four.
7.What sport does the woman like?
8.What does the woman prefer to do?
A.To see the new play. B.To do some shopping. C.To visit the museum.
9.What are the man and woman doing?
A.They are looking for a CD player in a shop.
B.They are learning how to press the button.
C.The man is teaching the woman how to use the CD player.
10.Why was Frank on the news last night?
A.He walked along the beach at night.
B.He swam alone in the cold water.
C.He got the boy out of water and saved him.
(三)对话理解。录音中有一段对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。
11.Where could the dialogue happen?
A.In a shop. B.In a library. C.In a hospital.
12.Why did the young man go to see the doctor?
A.He didn’t know where to begin his talk.
B.He felt difficult to fall asleep.
C.He felt unhappy most of the day.
13.How long has the young man been ill?
A.For about two years. B.For about three weeks. C.For about six months.
14.In what season did the young man feel worse?
A.In Spring. B.In Autumn. C.In winter.
15.What did the doctor ask the young man to do?
A.To take some medicine. B.To burn away his worries. C.To take more exercises.
(四)短文理解。录音中有一篇短文，听短文两篇后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。
16.What happened to the three boys in a cold day?
A.They lost their way.
B.They couldn’t find the big house.
C.They had to spend the night in the open air.
17.What did the three boys ask the farmer to do?
A.To give them some water and food.
B.To let them stay in his house for a night.
C.To tell them the way to walk out of the forest.
18.Why did one of the boys have to sleep in the big house?
A.The farmer didn’t like the third boy.
B.One of the boys made a loud noise when he slept.
C.There wasn’t enough room in the farmer’s house.
19.Who was the first to sleep with the horses?
A.Mike B.Jack C.Tom
20.Why were all the horses outside at the house door?
A.Because someone drove them out of the house.
B.Because the smell in the big house was really terrible.
C.Because the horses didn’t like to stay with people at night.
查看习题详情和答案>>听力选择(共15小题，计15分；每小题约有8秒钟的答题时间)
(一)录音中有五个句子，每个句子读两遍，然后从每小题A、B、C中国选出能对每个句子做出适当反应的答语。
1．A．That's OK．
B．All right．
C．Don't mention it．
2．A．It's a pleasure．
B．The same to you．
C．Thank you．It's lovely．
3．A．Yes, I'd love to．
B．It's very kind of you．
C．That's all right．
4．A．Don't worry!
B．It doesn't matter．
C．OK．I'll take your advice．
5．A．Yes, of course．
B．Of course not．
C．Never mind．
(二)录音中有五组对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中国选出能能回答问题的正确答案。
6．What is Mike allowed to do on weekends?
A．Go hiking．
B．Go camping．
C．See films at home．
7．What are the two speakers talking about?
A．A new bike．
B．A Christmas party．
C．Lucy's parents．
8．What is Kate's father worried about?
A．Kate won't get a good job．
B．Kate doesn't have enough money．
C．Kate won't have enough time for her study．
9．How may the man go to the airport?
A．By bus．
B．By taxi．
C．By subway．
10．When can Jerry meet Mr Black?
A．Next Friday．
B．Next Thursday．
C．Next Wednesday．
(三)录音中有一段对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中国选出能能回答问题的正确答案。
11．What's wrong with Emily?
A．She has a high fever．
B．She has a bad cold．
C．She is seriously ill．
12．Why does Diane come to Ray's home?
A．To thank him for his help．
B．To ask him to look after her baby．
C．To ask him to help her take Emily to the hospital．
13．What's the baby doing?
A．Eating．
B．Playing．
C．Sleeping．
14．Who is going to look after the baby?
A．Ray．
B．Diane．
C．Margie．
15．How many children does Diane have at least?
A．One．
B．Two．
C．Three．
(四)听力填表
该部分是一档音乐节目的录音。听录音两遍后，根据所听内容完成下面的表格(每空不多于三个词)。(录音播放前你有40秒钟读题时间)
It is Friday night．Michael Young, the host of Music Ground, is talking about the best-selling(very popular)songs of this week．
听力
(一)录音中有五个句子，每个句子听一遍，然后从每小题A、B、C中选出能对每个句子做出适当反应的答语。
1．A．Me, too．
B．Good idea．
C．Don't do it．
2．A．Thank you．
B．I like it．
C．You are right．
3．
A．
B．
C．
4．A．Sorry, I don't．
B．Of course, I could．
C．OK, here you are·
5．A．Yes, please．
B．Yes, I will．
C．Certainly not．
(二)录音中有五组对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。
6．What color does Bob like better?
A．Red．
B．Blue．
C．Yellow．
7．What's Linda doing?
A．Watching TV．
B．Reading a book．
C．Listening to music．
8．How does Tom usually go to school?
A．By bus．
B．By bike．
C．On foot．
9．When will the meeting start?
A．
B．
C．
10．How long can the boy play ping-pong?
A．An hour．
B．Half an hour．
C．One and a half hours．
(三)录音中有一段对话，听对话两遍后，从每小题A、B、C中选出能回答所给问题的正确答案。(录音播放前有40秒钟的读题时间)
11．Where does the woman want to go?
A．Beihai Park．
B．Beichuan Park．
C．Beijing Park．
12．Which bus should the woman take?
A．No．6．
B．No．16．
C．No．60．
13．What does the woman think of the city?
A．Small and beautiful．
B．Big and beautiful．
C．Big, beautiful but crowded．
14．Why will the woman go to the park?
A．Because she wants to have a rest there．
B．Because she wants to go and have a look at it．
C．Because she wants to visit her son and his wife．
15．Who are the two speakers?
A．A woman and a driver．
B．A woman and a student．
C．A woman and a policeman．
(四)听力填表(共5小题．计5分)
录音中有一篇介绍伦敦旅行经历的短文。听两遍后，根据所听内容完成下面的表格(每空填1－2个词)。(录音播放前有40秒钟的读题时间)
