摘要：一般说来.过去分词作表语的结构与被动语态在形式上相同.所以容易混淆除了主要从意义上加以区别外.这里提供几种辨别方法. 1．从带不带 by 短语来区分 被动语态表主语的动作.绝大多数可以用by+动作的执行者构成by短语,而系表结构表示主语的特征或所处的状态.不表示动作.例如: The window was broken by his brother.窗子被他弟弟打破了. The window is now brother.窗子现在是破的. 注意:1)但并非有by短语都表示动作的执行者.例如: The house is surrounded bytrees and flowers.房子周围都是树木花草. 2)当然.过去分词后的by短语有时可以表原因.方式.应与表示行为者区别开来.例如: The bank is usually closed at six银行通常6点钟就关门了. The door was shut when I went by.but I don't know when it was shut.我们那里走过的时候门是关着的.但我不只道是什么时候关的.(第一个was shut是系表结构.第二个was shut是被动语态) Our blackboard is painted every year.我们的黑板每年漆一次. Our blackboard is newly painted.我们的黑板新漆的. 3)在没有状语的情况下.就得根据上下文的意思来判断.例如: The criminal was pushed into the cell and the door was closed.罪犯被推进牢房.门立刻关上了． The door was closed, we couldn't get in.门是关着的.我们进不去.

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