How would we travel without maps? It would be a bit adventurous (冒险的) to set off from Oxford University to go to London Bridge if there wasn't a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of the early map-makers were adventurers and explorers, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries.
So what did people do before there were maps? Well, it was quite easy to use natural signs like mountains and rivers if you were travelling on foot or riding a horse. People took small boats down rivers and followed coastlines. And it was much more logical (合理的) to use time, not distance, to measure (计量) journeys: the next village is a three-hour ride, for example.
In fact, in the earliest maps, people didn't draw landmarks. They drew the stars. It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行). The sky was a lot clearer before the light pollution from cities that we have today. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps which gave correct distances and directions.
The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man called Henry Beck realized that travelling by train wasn't the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. His new design (设计) for the Underground map wasn't very popular with the train companies at first. But the passengers loved it and in 1933, 700,000 copies were printed.
These days, of course, you can ride a bike, drive a car or go through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It's really difficult to get lost!
【小题1】What was drawn in the earliest maps?

How would we travel without maps? It would be a bit adventurous (冒险的) to set off from Oxford University to go to London Bridge if there wasn't a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of the early map-makers were adventurers and explorers, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries.

    So what did people do before there were maps? Well, it was quite easy to use natural signs like mountains and rivers if you were travelling on foot or riding a horse. People took small boats down rivers and followed coastlines. And it was much more logical (合理的) to use time, not distance, to measure (计量) journeys: the next village is a three-hour ride, for example.

    In fact, in the earliest maps, people didn't draw landmarks. They drew the stars. It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行). The sky was a lot clearer before the light pollution from cities that we have today. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps which gave correct distances and directions.

    The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man called Henry Beck realized that travelling by train wasn't the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. His new design (设计) for the Underground map wasn't very popular with the train companies at first. But the passengers loved it and in 1933, 700,000 copies were printed.

    These days, of course, you can ride a bike, drive a car or go through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It's really difficult to get lost!

1.What was drawn in the earliest maps?

A. Stars.                             

B. Landmarks.

C. Cities and towns,                    

D. Mountains and rivers.

2.When did road maps come out?

A. Around 15th and 16th centuries.         

B. When people began to travel by train.

C. When people began to travel by sea.      

D. When cities and towns appeared.

3.Which of the following is true?

    A. A GPS helped people to travel long time ago.

    B. Ancient people could travel on a horse without maps.

    C. The sky was polluted by light before cities were built.

    D. Henry Beck's map wasn't popular with the passengers.

4.What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Maps have a long history.           

B. We never get lost these days.

C. We can't travel without maps.          

D. Henry Beck designed a new map.

How would we travel without maps? It would be a bit adventurous (冒险的) to set off from Oxford University to go to London Bridge if there wasn't a map of the London Underground at each station. In fact, a lot of the early map-makers were adventurers and explorers, especially in the 15th and 16th centuries.
So what did people do before there were maps? Well, it was quite easy to use natural signs like mountains and rivers if you were travelling on foot or riding a horse. People took small boats down rivers and followed coastlines. And it was much more logical (合理的) to use time, not distance, to measure (计量) journeys: the next village is a three-hour ride, for example.
In fact, in the earliest maps, people didn't draw landmarks. They drew the stars. It was very easy to see the night sky and use it for navigation (航行). The sky was a lot clearer before the light pollution from cities that we have today. When towns and cities were built, people drew road maps which gave correct distances and directions.
The London Underground was opened in 1863 and it also used a road map style. But a man called Henry Beck realized that travelling by train wasn't the same as driving your car across London. Passengers only needed to know which stations to change at. His new design (设计) for the Underground map wasn't very popular with the train companies at first. But the passengers loved it and in 1933, 700,000 copies were printed.
These days, of course, you can ride a bike, drive a car or go through a forest and know where you are exactly, using a GPS. It's really difficult to get lost!

1. 1.

   What was drawn in the earliest maps?

   1. A.
      Stars.
   2. B.
      Landmarks.
   3. C.
      Cities and towns,
   4. D.
      Mountains and rivers.
2. 2.

   When did road maps come out?

   1. A.
      Around 15th and 16th centuries.
   2. B.
      When people began to travel by train.
   3. C.
      When people began to travel by sea.
   4. D.
      When cities and towns appeared.
3. 3.

   Which of the following is true?

   1. A.
      A GPS helped people to travel long time ago.
   2. B.
      Ancient people could travel on a horse without maps.
   3. C.
      The sky was polluted by light before cities were built.
   4. D.
      Henry Beck's map wasn't popular with the passengers.
4. 4.

   What is the main idea of the passage?

   1. A.
      Maps have a long history.
   2. B.
      We never get lost these days.
   3. C.
      We can't travel without maps.
   4. D.
      Henry Beck designed a new map.

Do you live in a city? Do you know how cities began? Long long ago, the world had only a few thousand people. These people moved from one place to another. They moved over the land, hunting animals for food.
No one knows how or when these people learned about growing food. But when they did， their lives changed. They did not have to look for food any longer. They could stay in one place and grow it. People began to live near one another, so the first village was established. Many people came to work in the villages, and these villages became even larger.
When machines appeared, life in the villages changed again. People built factories. More and more people lived near the factories. The cities began.
Today, it’s strange that some people are moving back to small villages. Can you tell me why?
根据短文内容，判断正(T)误(F)。
【小题1】People moved from place to place to hunt animals.
【小题2】The story says,“No one knows how or when these people learned about growing food. But when they did, their lives changed.” In this sentence, the word “they” means people.
【小题3】 When machines appeared, life in the cities changed again.
【小题4】 All people like to live only in very big cities.
【小题5】 People built factories after the cities grew big.