网址：http://m.1010jiajiao.com/timu3_id_2398017[举报]
【材料一】2011年10月3日，诺贝尔奖委员会宣布，美国科学家布鲁斯·巴特勒、卢森堡科学家朱尔斯·霍夫曼和加拿大科学家拉尔夫·斯坦曼获得2011年诺贝尔医学生理学奖。在长期进化过程中人体具备两种免疫机能：一是“固有免疫”，二是“获得性免疫”。布鲁斯·巴特勒、朱尔斯·霍夫曼的获奖领域在前者；而拉尔夫·斯坦曼的工作主要在后者。
布鲁斯·巴特勒、朱尔斯·霍夫曼发现了由“Toll”基因编码的关键受体蛋白，该受体蛋白能识别病原微生物，并激活“固有免疫”，打开免疫反应的第一步；拉尔夫·斯坦曼发现的树突状细胞在免疫应答中作用，树突状细胞在体内游弋，发现并摄取病原体的特异性抗原，并报告给T淋巴细胞，T细胞将调动其他免疫细胞发生级联反应，最终消灭病原体。
（1）材料中所描述的“固有免疫”就是_____________________免疫，这种免疫对所有的病原体都有防御作用。（1分）
（2）下列有关“Toll”基因的叙述正确的是：_____________（单选）（1分）
A．Toll基因只存在于免疫细胞中
B．Toll基因编码受体蛋白，体现基因对性状的直接控制
C．Toll基因编码的受体蛋白能识别病原微生物，体现了免疫细胞的特异性识别
D．效应T细胞能与靶细胞密切接触就是该受体功能体现
（3）下列有关树突状细胞的叙述正确的是：_____________________（不定项）
A．树突状细胞在免疫中发挥作用，说明神经系统与免疫系统功能密切相关
B．在细胞免疫和体液免疫中树突状细胞所起的作用没有明显差别
C．树突状细胞能够处理和呈递病原体的抗原特异性
D．树突状细胞可触发T细胞发生免疫反应
E．树突状细胞可能是一种吞噬细胞
【材料二】（根据南方周末《乔布斯的错误与诺奖得主的试验》整理）就在瑞典卡罗琳医学院宣布本年度诺贝尔医学奖的前3天，斯坦曼因胰腺癌不幸离世，他没能亲耳听到自己获奖的喜讯，令人惋惜。就在他离世死后的第6天“改变世界”的IT精英乔布斯也因胰腺癌英年早逝。
两人所患的胰腺癌都是死亡率极高的恶性肿瘤。乔布斯患的是“胰腺内分泌型肿瘤”，该病症病情发展缓慢，能存活数年的患者不在少数。但这位著名的素食主义者曾一度拒绝手术治疗，导致肿瘤细胞转移，病情迅速恶化。
而斯坦曼所患的病症为“胰腺外分泌型肿瘤”，该病患者的存活期往往只有数月。斯坦曼在2007年确诊胰腺癌后，就积极尝试基于树突状细胞的治疗性疫苗(DC疫苗)。借助这种“细胞免疫疗法”，他的生命从预期的数月延长至4年。
（4）乔布斯癌变的细胞可能是_____________细胞，该细胞的分泌物与_________________。系统消灭癌细胞的过程是_____________（填一种特异性免疫）发挥作用。
（5）斯坦曼所注射的DC疫苗是由其体内的树突状细胞和肿瘤细胞中提取的一种短肽（即治疗性疫苗），该短肽在免疫中作为_____________引起人体发生免疫反应。除树突状细胞外，斯坦曼体能够特异性识别这种短肽的细胞还有（至少写出3种）______________________________________。
（6）有人认为DC疫苗对防治癌症有一定的疗效，原因是：通过免疫反应斯坦曼体内的免疫系统产生抗体，抗体与该短肽特异性结合，使短肽失效。你认为这个解释对吗，____________，请说出你的理由：_________________________。（共2分）
（7）斯坦曼生前尝试注射过三种DC疫苗，却还是未能逃出死神的魔掌，请从免疫学的角度分析导致他死亡的可能原因是：________________________________________。 查看习题详情和答案>>
（1）A图所示的激素调节体现了 机制，①过程发挥作用的激素是 。
（2）B图中突触在传递信号时，信号的转换形式是 ；
刺激a神经元引起b神经元兴奋，原因是 。
（3）C图是单核巨噬细胞吞噬病原体过
程示意图。图中的“抗原多肽”是经过处理后暴露出来的特定抗原，它将被直接呈递给 ，并刺激产生 ，共同完成特异性免疫。（4）D图中X代表的刺激是 ；胰岛B细胞分泌的激素被肝细胞膜上的受体识别，该受体的化学成分是 。 查看习题详情和答案>>
“BANG!” the door caused a reverberation (回声). It was just standing there, with father standing on one side, and I was on the other side. We were both in great anger. “Never set foot in this house again!” stormed father. I rushed out of the flat and ran along the street. The street lights were shining, causing rather a sad feeling.
A young father who held a child in his arms walked past me. I felt as if I saw my childhood from another space: happy and carefree. But now … I don’t know whether it is because I have grown up or because dad is getting old. We differ in our ways of thinking. He always put his opinions and codes of behavior on me. Whenever I do something wrong, he never admits it. We are just like two people coming from two different worlds. I wandered in the streets, until I had only the street lights to keep me company. When I finally reached the high-rise apartment block in which I lived ,I saw that the light was still on.
I thought to myself: “Is father waiting for me, or is he still angry with me?”
All the lights were off except father’s. Dad was always like this. Maybe he didn’t know how to express himself. After an argument he has the habit of creeping up(悄悄地来到) in my sleep. This was how he always was．He has been a leader for so long that telling everyone else what to do has become his second nature. With the key in hand, I was as nervous as I had ever been. At last, I decided to open the door. As soon as I opened the door tears ran down my cheeks. I suddenly realized that the iron(铁的) door that I had imagined between us did not exist at all. Love—it’s second to none.
1.Decide which is the best order of the following according to what happened in the passage.
a. I opened the door and entered the house.
b. Sadly I ran out into the street.
c. I reached the place where I lived and saw my house still brightly lit.
d. I thought of my father’s kindness towards me.
e. I walked about in the street without any aim.
A. b, e, d, c, a B. b, e, c, d, a C. b, e, a, c, d D. b, e, c, a, d
2.What made the writer think of his childhood ?
A. The sight of the street lights.???????????????
B. The sight of the empty street.
C. The sight of a father with a child in his arms.??
D. The sight of light in his own house.
3. Why do you think the father often shouts at his son?
A. perhaps the father is getting older and older.
B. perhaps the son has already grown up.
C. perhaps they never agree with each other.
D. perhaps the father has got used to doing that.
4. According to the passage what does “Love—it’s second to none” mean ?
A. 爱并没有什么??? B. 爱是第二位的???
C.? 爱是至高无上的??? D. 爱就是没什么
5.What conclusion can you come to after reading the passage?
A. The father treats his son in an unfair way.
B. The father is actually kind to his son.
C. The father is neither kind nor cruel to his son.
D. The father is always finding fault with his son.
查看习题详情和答案>>