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敏求字次道,赐进士及第,为馆阁校勘。预苏舜钦进奏院会,出签书菜庆军判官。王尧臣修《唐书》,以敏求习唐事,奏为编修官。持祖母丧.诏令居家修书。卒丧,同知太常礼院。
石中立薨,子继死,无他子。其孙祖仁疑所服,下礼官议。敏求谓宜为服三年,当解官,斩衰。同僚援据不一,判寺宋祁是其议,遂定为令。加集贤校理。从宋庠辟,通判西京。为群牧度支判官。坠马伤足,出知亳州。治平中,召为仁宗实录检讨官,同修起居注、知制诰、判大常寺。
英宗在殡,有言宗室服疏者可嫁娶,敏求以为大行未发引,不可。逾年,又有言者。敏求言宗室义服,服降而练,可嫁娶矣。坐前后议异,贬秩知绛州。王珪、范镇乞留之,使成实录。神宗曰:“典礼,国之所重,而误谬如是,安得无责。”然敏求议初不误,曾公亮恶礼院刘瑾附敏求为说,故因是去之。是岁,即诏还。
徐国公主以夫兄为侄奏官,敏求疏其乱天伦,执正之。王安石恶吕公著,诬其言韩琦欲因人心,如赵鞅兴晋阳之甲,以逐君侧之恶,出之颍州。敏求当草制,安石谕旨使明著罪状,敏求但言敷陈失实。安石怒白于帝,命陈升之改其语,敏求请解职,未听。
会李定自秀州判官除御史,敏求封还词头,遂以本官右谏议大夫奉朝请。策试贤良方正,孔文仲对语切直,擢置优等,安石愈怒,罢文仲。人为敏求惧,帝独全护之,除史馆修撰、集贤院学士。邓润甫为帝言:“比群臣多尚告讦,非国家之羌,宜登用敦厚之士,以变薄俗”乃加敏求龙田阁直学士,命修《两朝正史》,掌均国公笺奏。元丰二年,卒,年六十一。特赠礼部侍郎。 (《宋史·敏求列传》有删节)
[注]①斩衰:丧服名,衰(cuī)通“縗”。“五服”中最重的丧服。用最粗的生麻布制成,断处外露不缉边,丧服上衣叫“衰”因称“斩衰”。表示毫不修饰以尽哀痛,服期三年。古代,臣为君,男子及未嫁女为父,长房长孙为祖父,妻妾为夫,均服斩衰。②大行:指皇帝的葬礼。
【小题1】对下列句子中划线词的解释,不正确的一项是
A.同僚援据不一,判寺宋祁是其议是:赞同 |
B.加集贤校理加:升任 |
C.曾公亮恶礼院刘瑾附敏求为说,故因是去之去:离开 |
D.王安石恶吕公著,诬其言韩琦欲因人心因:利用 |
①判寺宋祁是其议,遂定为令
②敏求疏其乱天伦,执正之
③敏求当草制,安石谕旨使明著罪状,敏求但言敷陈失实
④安石怒白于帝,命陈升之改其语,敏求请解职
⑤策试贤良方正,孔文仲对语切直,擢置优等
⑥乃加敏求龙图阁直学士,命修《两朝正史》,掌均国公笺奏
A.①③④ | B.①②③ | C.②⑤⑥ | D.②③④ |
A.敏求认为石中立之孙石祖仁应为石中立穿斩衰服丧三年。后来,敏求官职几度升迁,应宋庠的请求,先后担任西京通判、群牧度支判官、亳州知府、仁宗实录检讨宫等职务。 |
B.敏求在宋英宗死后较疏远的皇族成员什么叫候可以婚嫁这个问题,看法前后不一,因而被降为绛州知府。但同年就被召回京。 |
C.王安石因不喜欢吕公著而想诬陷吕公著,并传旨让敏求在诏书中说明吕公著的罪状,敏求认为不妥而没有照做,之后想辞官,但皇帝并末批准。 |
D.敏求在主持贤良方正的考试时,因为孔文仲对答时语言刚正不阿,所以把他放在优等的位置上,却因此又触怒了王安石。在人们为敏求的处境担忧时.皇帝却保全了他。 |
(1)典礼,国之所重,而误谬如是,安得无责。(5分)
(2)比群臣多尚告讦,非国家之美,宜登用敦厚之士,以变薄俗。(5分) 查看习题详情和答案>>
乡村铁质
刘向民
①乡村是我永远的家园。在我全部的生活中,乡村是最重要的。
②虽然走进了城市,不可能与土地日日肌肤相亲,但我始终以农民的眼光审视乡村。乡村是城市的依托,没有乡村也就没有城市的存在,乡村是城市的母体,城市是乡村的延伸和延续。乡村是狗吠鸡鸣牛哞,是薄薄的晨雾和袅袅的炊烟,一条静静地流淌的小河,茂密的小草尖上晶莹的露珠闪耀着太阳的光彩。乡村的早晨是清新和鲜明的。
③走进田野,就走进了自我。一株株茂盛的高粱、谷子或者玉米,就是我们的兄长。闪着光芒的锄探进植物的根部,根系蔓延,锄的铁质意念就通过异常发达的根系蔓延了整个土地,广阔的原野处处闪耀着铁质的浑厚和沉重,所以我们收获的每一粒粮食、每一季粮食都包含着铁质。铁质沿着血管流动,扎根于我们的每一处神经,我们的脊梁才如此坚挺。
④粮食的存在,使乡村有了存在的充分理由。一茬一茬的庄稼,一茬一茬的人生,在乡村的蓝天下格外亮丽。已经死去多年的大树仍然直直地挺立,黑枯的树干直指青天,乡村中许多的构思和想象缘自树干的启迪。镰刀闪着铁质的锋利,农民的梦想始终与庄稼有关,一头牛与一架犁在土地深处探寻,浑黄或者黝黑的土壤蕴涵着无穷的力量,只要播下种子,幻想就无可阻挡地蓬勃起来了。土地时刻迸发着铁质的响声。
⑤土地养育了庄稼,也养育了整个乡村。乡人们的性格和作为,任何时候都充满着铁质,欢喜时会无所顾忌地畅心大笑,发怒时会打上一架,或者跑到村街上不明不白地骂上一场,悲哀时会痛痛快快淋漓尽致地大哭一场,然后又执著地走进田野,走进劳作,一切都毫无遮遮掩掩。嫉恶如仇,旗帜鲜明,高昂的气概和高亢的声音比得过任何烦琐深奥的说教。他们不怕风,不怕雨,不怕雷鸣;他们饮风露餐,吃得下千般苦,受得住万般罪,他们常说“没有吃不了的苦,没有受不了的罪”。年景的丰歉和日子的辛苦都是岁月的点缀,他们从不怨天尤人,总是日出而作,日落而息。沿着太阳的方向走进田野,走进庄稼地里,走进乡村深处的每一个细节,使乡村的每一刻都充充实实和铿锵有声。哪怕只是一声劳动的号子,也如雷鸣一般响亮;哪怕只是向前迈出一步,也如山一般稳重;哪怕只是一个耕或者种的手势,也都是乡村的经典动作。乡村,处处铁质,铁质处处。
⑥乡村是农民的部落。城里人已经厌烦的事情,乡村还在喜欢或者也早已厌烦,喜欢的是一种没有丢失的乡村质朴,厌烦的是曾经生活在乡村里的城里人的矫作。城里人始终也在吃着乡村的粮食,但缺少了乡村的铁质。铁质似乎已被城里人丢失殆尽。我们是否要寻找乡村的铁质,使乡村铁质在城市里闪烁,应该是我们思考的问题。
⑦乡村是我们生存的依托,也是城市生活的依据,没有了乡村就没有城市。是否有人为城市一天天侵占乡村沾沾自喜呢?如果缺少了乡村,缺少了乡村铁质,我们将会更加颓废,城市也将因此而变的莫名其妙地失去方向。因此,不论生活在乡村还是城市里的人们,都不能忘记永远的乡村铁质,它是我们永远的支撑,我们永远的方向。
【小题1】下列对散文的分析,不正确的两项是(5分) ( )( )
A.文章开篇作者说:“乡村是我永远的家园。在我全部的生活中,乡村是最重要的。”这一行文的好处是开门见山,直接抒发了作者对乡村的热爱之情。 |
B.在第三段作者运用比喻的手法把高粱、谷子、玉米等农作物比作了自己的兄弟,细致入微地描写了它们正在健康成长的模样。 |
C.第五段作者运用排比修辞,使文章的行文充满气势,生动地写出了在充满铁质的乡村中生活的农人们旺盛的生命力和他们坚强、直率、质朴的性格。 |
D.作者用饱含深情的笔墨,描绘了乡村生活的图景以及在乡村中生活着的人们,凸显了乡村“处处铁质,铁质处处”的风貌。 |
【小题2】结合全文谈谈乡村具有怎样的意义?作者在行文中着重描写了乡村的土地,有怎样的目的?(6分)
【小题3】谈谈你对文中划线句的理解。(6分)
①只要播下种子,幻想就无可阻挡地蓬勃起来了。(3分)
②走进乡村深处的每一个细节,使乡村的每一刻都充充实实和铿锵有声。(3分)
【小题4】文章的最后一段有什么作用?文章中的“铁质”具有其特殊的象征意义,根据你对文章的品读,谈谈对“铁质”象征意义的理解。(8分) 查看习题详情和答案>>
钢琴家朗朗是世界古典音乐新一代领军人物,被誉为“当今世界最年轻的钢琴大师”.
Lang Lang, called “Chinese Mozart”, one of the best-known Chinese pianists in the world, was born in Shenyang in 1982. He began to take piano lessons at the age of three. He played the piano at least 20 hours a week at that time. At the age of five, he won the Shenyang Piano Competition. Four years later, his father took him to Beijing to study at the Beijing Central Music Conservatory(中央音乐学院). When he was 11, he won the first prize at the Fourth International Young Pianists Competition in Germany. In 1996, he went to the United States to study music. Soon he became famous all over the US, and then around the world.
The road to success has never been easy. Lang Lang’s father even stopped his job in his police office. For over ten years, he followed Lang Lang everywhere he went, not only as a father, but also as a manager, tutor and friend, while his mother stayed in Shenyang to make money. In spite of(尽管) giving on average over 150 performances around the world every year now, he still finds time to practice and learn new works. Lang Lang considers himself lucky and believes he should give something back. He has helped the children in poor areas a lot.
【小题1】How old was Lang Lang when he went to Beijing to study?
A.He was three. | B.He was five. | C.He was nine. | D.He was eleven. |
A.They went on vacation to Beijing. |
B.Their family needed money at that time. |
C.Lang Lang wanted to take part in the Piano Competition. |
D.Lang Lang went there to study at a famous music conservatory. |
A.In Germany. | B.In the United States. | C.In Japan | D.In China. |
A.Lang Lang went to the United States to study music at the age of 14. |
B.Lang Lang’s father had to stay in Shenyang to make money. |
C.Lang Lang’s parents have done a lot for him to be a famous pianist. |
D.Lang Lang is called “Chinese Mozart” because he plays the piano very well. |
A.It’s not very difficult to be a pianist. |
B.A pianist is always popular in the world. |
C.You have to practice and learn much to be successful. |
D.Pianists never hate playing the piano because it’s interesting. |
钢琴家朗朗是世界古典音乐新一代领军人物,被誉为“当今世界最年轻的钢琴大师”.
Lang Lang, called “Chinese Mozart”, one of the best-known Chinese pianists in the world, was born in Shenyang in 1982. He began to take piano lessons at the age of three. He played the piano at least 20 hours a week at that time. At the age of five, he won the Shenyang Piano Competition. Four years later, his father took him to Beijing to study at the Beijing Central Music Conservatory(中央音乐学院). When he was 11, he won the first prize at the Fourth International Young Pianists Competition in Germany. In 1996, he went to the United States to study music. Soon he became famous all over the US, and then around the world.
The road to success has never been easy. Lang Lang’s father even stopped his job in his police office. For over ten years, he followed Lang Lang everywhere he went, not only as a father, but also as a manager, tutor and friend, while his mother stayed in Shenyang to make money. In spite of(尽管) giving on average over 150 performances around the world every year now, he still finds time to practice and learn new works. Lang Lang considers himself lucky and believes he should give something back. He has helped the children in poor areas a lot.
1.How old was Lang Lang when he went to Beijing to study?
A.He was three. B.He was five. C.He was nine. D.He was eleven.
2.Why did Lang Lang’s father take him to Beijing?
A.They went on vacation to Beijing.
B.Their family needed money at that time.
C.Lang Lang wanted to take part in the Piano Competition.
D.Lang Lang went there to study at a famous music conservatory.
3.Where was the fourth International Youth Piano Competition held?
A.In Germany. B.In the United States. C.In Japan D.In China.
4.Which is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A.Lang Lang went to the United States to study music at the age of 14.
B.Lang Lang’s father had to stay in Shenyang to make money.
C.Lang Lang’s parents have done a lot for him to be a famous pianist.
D.Lang Lang is called “Chinese Mozart” because he plays the piano very well.
5. What can we learn from this passage?
A.It’s not very difficult to be a pianist.
B.A pianist is always popular in the world.
C.You have to practice and learn much to be successful.
D.Pianists never hate playing the piano because it’s interesting.
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