Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感觉）of warmth encourages emotional warmth. While a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise deeisions – those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists （心理学家）have known that one person’s feelings of another’s “warmth”is a powerful factor in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is an important thing needed to be thought about carefully. Even there are studies showing that a “cold” person may be more skillful. Much of this is deep into very early childhood experiences. Bargh argues, when babies’ sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, especially warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “ mother ” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to give strength to the need for warm physical touch from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “ warmth ” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those sensations influence judgment in many countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh did an experiment in which 41 college students took part in. A research assistant handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form: The drink was then handed back. After that. The students were asked to rate （评估）the personality of “Person A” based on the description. Those who had just held the warm drink thought Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

56. According to Paragraph 1. a person’s emotion may be affected by _______.

A. the visitors to his office

B. the psychology lessons he has

C. his physical feeling of coldness

D. the things he has bought online

57. The writer mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that _______.

A. adults should develop social skills

B. babies need warm physical touch

C. caregivers should be healthy adults

D. monkeys have social relationships

58. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A. feelings of warmth and coldness are studies worldwide

B. social skills do not come from physical experiences

C. physical temperature influences how we see others

D. skillful persons are often cold to others

59. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

B. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

C. Experiments of Personal Emotion.

D. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

　　Ballpoint pens have made life easier for millions of people. At one time ___1___ did not like their students to ___2___ with them. Perhaps it was too easy. Pens can leak（漏）and it is ___3___ Ladislao Biro ___4___ for a newspaper in Budapest. He spent all day ___5___ his desk. Day in and day out, he corrected ___6___ of thin, cheap paper with a pen and ink. He often had to stop to ___7___ his pen and it did not write ___8___ on the thin paper. He and his brother George ___9___ Some experiments. They wanted a pen that did not leak, with ink that did not spill. Why not ___10___ a little ball at the end?

　　Two Englishmen, Henry Martin and Frederick Miles, liked the ___11___. It was the ___12___ of the Second World War. The Air Force（空军）___13___ a non-leak, non-spill pen for the men to write with in ___14___ Martin and Miles made and ___15___ many thousands of Biro“writing-sticks”to the Air Force.

　　Ballpoint pens have made life easier for millions of people. At one time __1__ did not like their students to __2__ with them. Perhaps it was too easy. Pens can leak（漏）and it is __3__ to spill（溢出）the ink. And it is hard to write on thin or cheap paper with them.

　　Two Englishmen, Henry Martin and Frederick Miles, liked the __11__ It was the __12__ of the Second World War. The Air Force（空军）__13__ a non-leak, non-spill pen for the men to write with in __14__ Martin and Miles made and ___15___ many thousands of Biro“writing-sticks”to the Air Force.

Ballpoint pens have made life easier for millions of people．At one time 1 did not like their students to  2  with them．Perhaps it was too easy．Pens can leak(漏)and it is  3 to spill(溢出，流出)the ink．But it is hard to write on thin or cheap paper with them．

    Ladislao Biro  4  for a newspaper in Budapest．He spent all day  5  his desk．Day in and day out，he corrected  6  of thin，cheap paper with a pen and ink．He often had to stop to   7  his pen and it did not write  8  on the thin paper．He and his brother George  9  some experiments．They wanted a pen that did not leak，with ink that did not spill．Why not  10  a little ball at the end?

  Two Englishmen，Henry Martin and Fredrick Miles，liked the  11 . It was the  12 in the second World War．The Air Force(空军)  13  a non-leak，non-spill pen for the men to write with in  14 ．Martin and Miles made and  15  many thousands of Biro “writing—sticks” to the Air Force.

1．A．factories                B．schools            C．shops               D．restaurants

2．A．play                      B．write                C．come               D．meet

3．A．easy                      B．hard                 C．free                 D．popular

4．A．1eft                       B．waited              C．looked              D．worked

5．A．on                         B．near                 C．at                    D．in

6．A．mistakes                B．books               C．pages               D．diaries

7．A．mend                    B．fill                    C．brush               D．change

8．A．well                      B．down               C．out                  D．up

9．A．kept                      B．finished            C．began               D．studied

10．A．find                     B．wear                C．grow               D．use

11．A．matter                 B．result               C．meaning           D．idea

12．A．day                     B．time                 C．break               D．year

13．A．bought                 B．took                 C．needed             D．preferred

14．A．planes                  B．ships                C．trains               D．buses

15．A．bought            B．lent                C．moved            D．passed

Ladislao Brio ____4____ for a newspaper in Budapest. He spent all day ____5____ his desk. Day in and day out, he corrected ____6____ of thin, cheap paper with a pen and ink. He often had to stop to ____7____ his pen and it did not write ____8____ on the thin paper. He and his brother George  ____9____ some experiments. They wanted a pen that did not leak, with ink that did not spill. Why not ____10____ a little ball at the end?

Two Englishmen, Henry Martin and Fredrick Miles, liked the ____11____. It was the ____12____of the Second World War. The Air-Forced ____13____ a non-leak, non-spill pen for the men to write with in ____14____. Martin and Miles made and ____15____ many thousands of Biro “writing-sticks” to the Air-Force.

1． (　)A．factories　　  B．schools　　　　 C．shops　　   D．restaurants

2． (　)A．play　　　　  B．write　　　　 C．come　　　　  D．meet

3． (　)A．easy 　　　　  B．hard 　　   C．free　　　　   D．popular

4． (　)A．left　　　　  B．waited　　　　 C．looked　　    D．worked

5． (　)A．on　　　　    B．near　　　　 C．at　　　　　　 D．in

6． (　)A．mistakes　　   B．books　　   C．pages　　　　    D．diaries

7． (　)A．mend　　　　 B．fill　　　　  C．brush　　　　    D．change

8． (　)A．well　　　　    B．down　　  C．out　　　　　　  D．up

9． (　)A．kept　　　　  B．finished　　  C．began　　　　    D．studied

10． (　)A．find　　　　 B．wear　　　　 C．grow　　　　    D．use

11． (　)A．matter　　    B．result　　 &n
b
sp; C．meaning　　　　  D．idea

12． (　)A．day　　　　    B．time　　   C．break　　　　   D．year

13． (　)A．bought　　    B．took　　    C．needed　　　　 D．preferred

14． (　)A．planes　　    B．ships　　   C．trains　　　　  D．buses

15． (　)A．sold　　　　   B．lent　　   C．moved　　　　  D．passed