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去秋人还,蒙赐书及所撰先大父墓碑铭,反复观诵,感与惭并。
夫铭志之著于世,义近于史,而亦有与史异者。盖史之于善恶无所不书;而铭者,盖古之人有功德、材行、志义之美者,惧后世之不知,则必铭而见之。或纳于庙,或存于墓,一也。苟其人之恶,则与铭乎何有?此其所以与史异也。其辞之作,所以使死者无有所憾,生者得致其严。而善人喜于见传,则勇于自立;恶人无有所记,则以愧而惧。至于通材达识,义烈节士,嘉言善状,皆见于篇,则足为后法。警劝之道,非近乎史,其将安近?
及世之衰,人之子孙者,一欲褒扬其亲而不本乎理。故虽恶人,皆务勒铭以夸后世。立言者既莫之拒而不为,又以其子孙之所请也,书其恶焉,则人情之所不得,于是乎铭始不实。后之作铭者,当观其人。苟托之非人,则书之非公与是,则不足以行世而传后。故千百年来,公卿大夫至于里巷之士,莫不有铭,而传者盖少。其故非他,托之非人,书之非公与是故也。
然则孰为其人,而能尽公与是欤?非畜道德而能文章者,无以为也。盖有道德者之于恶人,则不受而铭之,于众人则能辨焉。而人之行,有情善而迹非,有意奸而外淑,有善恶相悬而不可以实指,有实大于名,有名侈于实。犹之用人,非畜道德者恶作辨之不惑,议之不徇?不惑不徇,则公且是矣。而其辞之不工,则世犹不传。于是又在其文章兼胜焉。故曰:非畜道德而能文章者,无以为也。岂非然哉?
然畜道德而能文章者,虽或并世而有,亦或数十年、或一二百年而有之。其传之难又如此,其遇之难又如此。若先生之道德文章,固所谓数百年而有者也。先祖之言行卓卓幸遇而得铭其公与是其传世行后无疑也而世之学者每观传记所书古人之事至其所可感则往往衋然不知涕之流落也,况其子孙也哉?况巩也哉!其追晞祖德,而思所以传之之由,则知先生推一赐于巩而及其三世。其感与报,宜若何而图之?抑又思若巩之浅薄滞拙,而先生进之;先祖之屯蹶否塞以死,而先生显之,则世之魁闳豪杰不世出之士,其谁不愿进于门?潜遁幽抑之士,其谁不有望于世?
既拜赐之辱,且敢进其所以然。所谕世族之次,敢不承教而加详焉。愧甚不宣。巩再拜。
----选自曾巩《寄欧阳舍人(欧阳修)书》
【小题1】对下列划线词解释不正确的一组是 ( )
A.生者得致其严 严:严肃 |
B.警劝之道 道:作用 |
C.议之不徇 徇:徇私,袒护 |
D.所谕世族之次 次:排列 |
A.则足为后法则告诉不许 |
B.惧后世之不知臣之壮也,犹不如人 |
C.有意奸而外淑圣人不凝滞于物,而能与世推移 |
D.先祖之屯蹶否塞以死死犹为厉鬼以击贼 |
A.铭志能够著称后世,它的意义与“史”相接近,但是它的内容却与“史”有所不同。 |
B.文中,作者就碑文写作提出了看法,一是撰写碑文要态度公正,二是撰写碑文要慎选作者。 |
C.文章既论述了铭志的作用,也由衷赞扬了欧阳修为他祖父所作铭志的“公与是”。 |
D.这篇文章虽是感谢信,但又不仅仅止于感谢,文章还重点述说了“史”的社会意义,也表达了对道德文章兼胜的赞许与追求。 |
先 祖 之 言 行 卓 卓 幸 遇 而 得 铭 其 公 与 是 其 传 世 行 后 无 疑 也而 世 之 学 者 每 观 传 记 所 书 古 人 之 事 至 其 所 可 感 则 往 往 衋 然不 知 涕 之 流 落 也
【小题5】将文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(7分)
(1) 苟其人之恶,则与铭乎何有?(3分)
(2) 则知先生推一赐于巩而及其三世。其感与报,宜若何而图之?(4分) 查看习题详情和答案>>
A.和平与发展是时代的主题 | B.中美之间存在着共同的利益 |
C.我国与美国的矛盾基本解决了 | D.中美联盟的需要 |
阅读下面的文字,完成小题。(18分)
零用钱
(美)R?W?威尔
当潜在的雇主翻看他的简历时,乔?巴斯托恩坐在那里,尽可能让自己的双腿不要发颤。他知道那些记录对他不利,但他在心里默默祈祷,别让那些缺点被读到,毕竟是圣诞节了。
威斯科特先生停下来,抬起头问道:“巴斯托恩先生,这里说你曾经因为盗窃被判入狱,是吗?”
乔感到喉咙干涩、胃部收缩,他知道接下去是什么结果,他无力地说:“是的,但是……有环境因素———”。
“总是有环境因素的,巴斯托恩先生,然而———”又来了……
“———我们是家庭生意,不需要增加人手了,我希望你好运,早日找到工作。这年头,大家都不容易。”
“我知道。”乔说完,站起来握了握威斯科特先生伸出的手。威斯科特先生送乔到门口,好像怕他顺手偷走东西似的。
乔咬着嘴唇,不知道怎样跟阿贝说,他没能为她买一份圣诞礼物,因为没人愿意雇用他,或者跟她说两年前他在上班的地方偷100美元是为了圣诞节能取暖,说这些都没有什么意义。阿贝只知道爸爸今年圣诞节没有给她买礼物。
走到威斯科特的店门口,乔想再努力一下。他对挡在门口的威斯科特说:“求求你了,今天是圣诞节,我有一个8岁的女儿……”
“很抱歉,巴斯托恩先生。”威斯科特挥了挥手,打断了他的话,“你应该知道,没有人会信一个小偷说的话。”
乔看了看四周,威斯科特刚才实际上说得很大声。还好,周围只有两个人,一个穿着大衣的人轻快地走过,还有一个老乞丐从街道对面的公园走过来。
乔大声说:“你说得对,但我这回改正还不行吗?”可是,威斯科特不再理他。
雪开始下了,乔拉起他的衣领,把手插进衣袋里,走过街道对面,跟那老乞丐擦肩而过时,对那老乞丐微笑了一下。
老乞丐也回了一个微笑,问道:“你可以给我一点零钱吗,我要买一杯热咖啡暖暖我这把老骨头。”
乔在他的口袋里摸索了一会儿,他的左手没有摸到什么东西,但他的右手抓出了两个两角五分的硬币、两个一角的硬币和五个五分的硬币、五个一分的硬币。
乔把那些硬币放入老乞丐摊开的双手中,笑着说:“你运气好,我想这么多应该够了。祝你圣诞快乐!”
那老乞丐说:“年轻人,我也祝你圣诞快乐!”
那老乞丐走到对面,进了威斯科特先生的店,乔把手放回口袋里,继续向前走。那个刚才穿大衣走过的人正在人行道边跟一个老妇人说话。乔看向人行道,看到了一个钱包。乔把它捡起来,发现里面有几张信用卡和几百美元现金。他的祈祷灵验了,他可以用这些钱给阿贝买辆单车,一个玩具屋子,甚至他可以用这些钱去旅社开个房,让阿贝不用到监狱附近去看他。或许珍尼斯也跟他们在一起,再一次全家人一起过圣诞节。
不行。如果阿贝知道这钱是捡到的她会怎么想?乔猜得出钱包是谁的,他看看那个穿大衣的人,又看看钱包。在一张信用卡的旁边有一张证件,乔从上面的相片确认了钱包是那个穿大衣的人的。
乔偷过钱,那时是急了,但他本身不坏。
那个穿大衣的人跟那老妇人说了再见,又开始往前走了,脚步还是那么轻快。
乔慢跑赶上去,喊道:“先生,打扰一下。我想你掉了钱包了。”
那人停下来,转过身,眼睛睁大了,说:“啊,是,那是我的钱包。”他接过钱包,立即清点里面的东西。
乔没有等他点完就走了。他转向马洛大街,向监狱附近走去。突然,他看到珍尼斯带着阿贝走过来,阿贝一看到他就伸开双臂向他跑来。
乔抱着她,笑着,眼睛却湿了,他说:“圣诞快乐,孩子,我很抱歉,没有为你买什么礼物。”
阿贝笑得很开心,她撒娇似的说:“哦,爸爸,别那样想。妈妈说来带你回家,我非常高兴。”
乔愧疚地看向珍尼斯,想确认阿贝说的是不是真的。珍尼斯说:“乔,是你回家的时候了。”两行热泪从乔的眼里流下来。
乔的室友迈克拿着个无绳电话跑过来,喊道:“乔,你的电话,是一个叫威斯科特的人打来的。”
乔对电话里说了一声“喂?”
“如果你愿意,明天来上班吧。”威斯科特先生在电话里说。
“我愿意。我可以问一下吗,是什么使你改变主意的?”乔的胸中涌起了一股暖流。
“是我跟我爸爸喝的那杯咖啡。”
(选自2011年7月《文学报》)
【小题1】下列对这篇小说有关内容的分析和概括,最恰当的两项是( )( )(4分)
A.“乔没有等他点完就走了。他转向马洛大街,向监狱附近走去。”这写出了乔把钱包还给失主时并不要求回报的心理。 |
B.“还好,周围只有两个人,一个穿着大衣的人轻快地走过,还有一个老乞丐从街道对面的公园走过来。”这里表现了乔紧张不安,怕别人听到他来找工作的事。 |
C.作者以“‘是我跟我爸爸喝的那杯咖啡’”结束全文,出乎乔的意料,也出乎我们的意料,从而使整个故事的情节显得跌宕起伏,令人回味无穷。 |
D.这篇小说中的老乞丐是杜撰的,威斯科特先生那么有钱,他的父亲不可能是一个乞丐。如果是个乞丐,威斯科特先生肯定不愿意跟一个乞丐父亲一起喝咖啡。 |
【小题2】小说开头写出了乔怎样的处境?请简要分析小说这样写的作用。(6分)
【小题3】文中的乔有哪些性格特点?请简要分析。(4分)
【小题4】这篇小说从乔找工作写起,到他找到工作结束,那么小说的题目可以由“零用钱”改换成“求职”吗?请谈谈你的观点和具体理由。(4分) 查看习题详情和答案>>
阅读短文,然后按要求完成各题。(Read the passage and do as required.)
The young violin player Vanessa-Mae is the first musician to use dance and rock music in classical(古典的)music.Vanessa-Mae loves pop music, and she is also a very good classical violinist, and she brings these kinds of music together.
Vanessa-Mae was born in Singapore on October 27, 1978.(A)She moved to London with her family when she was four.A year later, she(B)started to learn the violin.When she was eight, she went to Beijing to(C)study the violin.When she was ten, she played with a very famous group of classical musicians.But Vanessa-Mae doesn't only play the violin.She learnt the piano before she started to play the violin.
(D)她喜欢许多不同种类的音乐,from Beethoven to the Beatles, and she wants to play the music she likes.Not only has she played in classical concerts all over the(E)________, but she has also played in pop concerts with pop stars.
A lot of people don't like the way she uses modern rhythms(节奏), noisy drums and guitars in traditional music.But Vanessa-Mae has done one important thing:she has brought many new fans to classical music.For the first(F)________, many young people began to listen to classical music.
1.将画线部分(A)改写为:She moved to London with her family ________ ________ ________ of four.
2.写出与画线部分(B)和(C)意思相近的词语:________;________
3.将画线部分(D)译成英语:________
4.在画线部分(E)和(F)的空白处分别填入适当的单词:________;________
5.写出能说明本文大意的中心句:________
Luke almost always keeps his brown eyes on his owner Kathy. When she raises her right thumb (大拇指), Luke knows he’s been good. When Kathy holds her right hand in front of Luke, he sits. Kathy uses hand signals(手势) to train Luke because he cannot hear.
Training a deaf dog can take more time than teaching a hearing dog. An owner must use signs to give commands (命令). Some owners use American Sign Language, and others make up their own signs. Like hearing dogs, deaf dogs should first learn to sit, lie down, stay, come, and stop. Other commands can then be added one at a time. Luke is just one year old, and he knows 20 commands!
To get Luke’s attention in the house, Kathy stomps (跺) her foot. Outdoors, during daylight hours, Kathy waves at Luke until he notices her. If Luke is in the backyard at night, Kathy calls him by turning the porch light off and on. Luke also wears a bell so that Kathy can know where he is.
It’s also important to know how to wake up a deaf dog. To wake Luke, Kathy holds her hand in front of his nose. She lets her smell wake him up so that he won’t be frightened. If Luke is sleeping when people visit, Kathy asks them not to wake him.
Like most deaf dogs, Luke gets nervous if he doesn’t know where his owner is. He’ll walk with quiet steps from room to room, looking for Kathy. Before leaving a room, Kathy makes sure to get Luke’s attention. Sometimes Luke follows her, but other times he just sighs and goes back to sleep.
Kathy and Luke spend about 15 minutes every day working on old and new commands. With his tail wagging (摇摆) and nose wiggling, Luke looks as if he’s playing instead of working.
( )71. This article is mainly about__________ .
A. how to use hand signals B. training a deaf dog
C. how to look after deaf dogs D. American Sign Language
( )72. Kathy gives commands to Luke by__________.
A. raising her right thumb B. speaking to him
C. holding her right hand D. using hand signals
( )73. Why does Kathy blink (使……忽闪忽灭) the porch light at night?
A. To see who is at the door. B. To have fun with Luke.
C. To get Luke’s attention. D. To call Luke for dinner.
( )74. Kathy holds her hand in front of Luke’s nose to tell him “__________!”
A. Come here B. Stay at home
C. Stop that D. Wake up
( )75. From the underlined sentence, we can learn that__________.
A. Luke enjoys learning commands B. Luke doesn’t work very hard
C. Training Luke is not an easy job D. Luke is a naughty(调皮的) dog
查看习题详情和答案>>
阅读理解。 | |||
Ⅰ
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1. Look at advertisement I. Man: I'm looking for a room to rent. It doesn't matter how the furniture (家俱) is. I've got to study for my exams so the house must be quiet. Girl: There are some advertisements for rooms in the paper. What about this one? Man: Yes…Yes…that's right. Oh dear, no, I don't think it would do. What's wrong with the room in advertisement I? | |||
[ ] | |||
A. It's too small. B. The walls are the wrong colour. C. The man likes old furniture better. D. It's too noisy (吵闹的). | |||
2. Look at advertisement Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Man: Why don't we rent one of the Seaview Holiday Flats for our holiday, Mary? They sound just as good as the Seaview Hotel, and it would be much cheaper. Mary: There's one big difference between the holiday flats and the hotel. The hotel would do much less work! Why would Mary rather stay at the hotel? | |||
[ ] | |||
A. They wouldn't have to cook. B. It's not so expensive. C. She would enjoy the beautiful gardens. D. It's near the sea. |