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乡村铁质
刘向民
①乡村是我永远的家园。在我全部的生活中，乡村是最重要的。
②虽然走进了城市，不可能与土地日日肌肤相亲，但我始终以农民的眼光审视乡村。乡村是城市的依托，没有乡村也就没有城市的存在，乡村是城市的母体，城市是乡村的延伸和延续。乡村是狗吠鸡鸣牛哞，是薄薄的晨雾和袅袅的炊烟，一条静静地流淌的小河，茂密的小草尖上晶莹的露珠闪耀着太阳的光彩。乡村的早晨是清新和鲜明的。
③走进田野，就走进了自我。一株株茂盛的高粱、谷子或者玉米，就是我们的兄长。闪着光芒的锄探进植物的根部，根系蔓延，锄的铁质意念就通过异常发达的根系蔓延了整个土地，广阔的原野处处闪耀着铁质的浑厚和沉重，所以我们收获的每一粒粮食、每一季粮食都包含着铁质。铁质沿着血管流动，扎根于我们的每一处神经，我们的脊梁才如此坚挺。
④粮食的存在，使乡村有了存在的充分理由。一茬一茬的庄稼，一茬一茬的人生，在乡村的蓝天下格外亮丽。已经死去多年的大树仍然直直地挺立，黑枯的树干直指青天，乡村中许多的构思和想象缘自树干的启迪。镰刀闪着铁质的锋利，农民的梦想始终与庄稼有关，一头牛与一架犁在土地深处探寻，浑黄或者黝黑的土壤蕴涵着无穷的力量，只要播下种子，幻想就无可阻挡地蓬勃起来了。土地时刻迸发着铁质的响声。
⑤土地养育了庄稼，也养育了整个乡村。乡人们的性格和作为，任何时候都充满着铁质，欢喜时会无所顾忌地畅心大笑，发怒时会打上一架，或者跑到村街上不明不白地骂上一场，悲哀时会痛痛快快淋漓尽致地大哭一场，然后又执著地走进田野，走进劳作，一切都毫无遮遮掩掩。嫉恶如仇，旗帜鲜明，高昂的气概和高亢的声音比得过任何烦琐深奥的说教。他们不怕风，不怕雨，不怕雷鸣；他们饮风露餐，吃得下千般苦，受得住万般罪，他们常说“没有吃不了的苦，没有受不了的罪”。年景的丰歉和日子的辛苦都是岁月的点缀，他们从不怨天尤人，总是日出而作，日落而息。沿着太阳的方向走进田野，走进庄稼地里，走进乡村深处的每一个细节，使乡村的每一刻都充充实实和铿锵有声。哪怕只是一声劳动的号子，也如雷鸣一般响亮；哪怕只是向前迈出一步，也如山一般稳重；哪怕只是一个耕或者种的手势，也都是乡村的经典动作。乡村，处处铁质，铁质处处。
⑥乡村是农民的部落。城里人已经厌烦的事情，乡村还在喜欢或者也早已厌烦，喜欢的是一种没有丢失的乡村质朴，厌烦的是曾经生活在乡村里的城里人的矫作。城里人始终也在吃着乡村的粮食，但缺少了乡村的铁质。铁质似乎已被城里人丢失殆尽。我们是否要寻找乡村的铁质，使乡村铁质在城市里闪烁，应该是我们思考的问题。
⑦乡村是我们生存的依托，也是城市生活的依据，没有了乡村就没有城市。是否有人为城市一天天侵占乡村沾沾自喜呢?如果缺少了乡村，缺少了乡村铁质，我们将会更加颓废，城市也将因此而变的莫名其妙地失去方向。因此，不论生活在乡村还是城市里的人们，都不能忘记永远的乡村铁质，它是我们永远的支撑，我们永远的方向。
【小题1】下列对散文的分析，不正确的两项是(5分) （ ）（ ）
| A．文章开篇作者说：“乡村是我永远的家园。在我全部的生活中，乡村是最重要的。”这一行文的好处是开门见山，直接抒发了作者对乡村的热爱之情。 |
| B．在第三段作者运用比喻的手法把高粱、谷子、玉米等农作物比作了自己的兄弟，细致入微地描写了它们正在健康成长的模样。 |
| C．第五段作者运用排比修辞，使文章的行文充满气势，生动地写出了在充满铁质的乡村中生活的农人们旺盛的生命力和他们坚强、直率、质朴的性格。 |
| D．作者用饱含深情的笔墨，描绘了乡村生活的图景以及在乡村中生活着的人们，凸显了乡村“处处铁质，铁质处处”的风貌。 |
【小题2】结合全文谈谈乡村具有怎样的意义？作者在行文中着重描写了乡村的土地，有怎样的目的？(6分)
【小题3】谈谈你对文中划线句的理解。(6分)
①只要播下种子，幻想就无可阻挡地蓬勃起来了。（3分）
②走进乡村深处的每一个细节,使乡村的每一刻都充充实实和铿锵有声。(3分)
【小题4】文章的最后一段有什么作用？文章中的“铁质”具有其特殊的象征意义，根据你对文章的品读，谈谈对“铁质”象征意义的理解。(8分) 查看习题详情和答案>>
What do you do if you're stranded（处于困境的）on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane.
Body signals（信号）
Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line, it means "yes". When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means "no". If you want the pilot to know that it's safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend（弯曲）your knees. If you want to say that it's not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side.
Smoke signals
The smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so it's a good way to draw attention. If the weather is dry, it isn't hard to start a fire. Remember, however, that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never light a fire unless you're sure that it can't spread. If the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.
Ground-to-air signals
It's a good idea to build some signals, too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols(标记). If you can't find any wood, use earth. Some useful symbols are:
F "I need food and water."
II "I need medicine."
I "I am badly hurt."
X" I am unable to move from here."
Pilots' replies
If the pilot lowers the plane's wings from side to side, this means "message received and understood". (At night, the pilot flashes the plane's green lights.) If the pilots flies the plane in a clockwise circle, this means "message received but not understood".(At night, the pilot flashes the plane's red lights.)
However, there is no signal which means "message not received". Why not?
【小题1】 Which picture means "it's not safe land"?
【小题2】 What can we learn from the passage?
| A．Swinging your arm from side to side means "yes". |
| B．If the ground is dark, light smoke can't be seen. |
| C．If you need some medicine, make a symbol "II". |
| D．The pilots make replies with a blue light at night. |
| A．The explanation of building signals on an island. |
| B．The importance of making signals on an island. |
| C．Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island. |
| D．Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island |
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What do you do if you're stranded（处于困境的）on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane.
Body signals（信号）
Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your arms up and down in a straight line, it means "yes". When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means "no". If you want the pilot to know that it's safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend（弯曲）your knees. If you want to say that it's not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to one side.
Smoke signals
The smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so it's a good way to draw attention. If the weather is dry, it isn't hard to start a fire. Remember, however, that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never light a fire unless you're sure that it can't spread. If the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.
Ground-to-air signals
It's a good idea to build some signals, too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols(标记). If you can't find any wood, use earth. Some useful symbols are:
F "I need food and water."
II "I need medicine."
I "I am badly hurt."
X" I am unable to move from here."
Pilots' replies
If the pilot lowers the plane's wings from side to side, this means "message received and understood". (At night, the pilot flashes the plane's green lights.) If the pilots flies the plane in a clockwise circle, this means "message received but not understood".(At night, the pilot flashes the plane's red lights.)
However, there is no signal which means "message not received". Why not?
1. Which picture means "it's not safe land"?
2. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Swinging your arm from side to side means "yes".
B. If the ground is dark, light smoke can't be seen.
C. If you need some medicine, make a symbol "II".
D. The pilots make replies with a blue light at night.
3. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The explanation of building signals on an island.
B. The importance of making signals on an island.
C. Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.
D. Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island
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