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①为什么名著能够经受时间和文化的洗礼而流传下来？有人说是因为它们文字优美，有人说是因为它们故事情节动人，还有人说它们深刻地剖析了人性。最近一项对英国维多利亚文学的读者调查发现，最后一种说法可能是小说具有持久魅力的重要原因，因为小说反映了我们人类在进化过程中形成的观念，或者说是某种形式的人性。
②美国密苏里大学的专家们专门研究了达尔文的进化理论如何应用到了文学中。他们做了一次调查，让500个读者填写了关于200部维多利亚女王时代的小说的调查问卷。被调查者要填写自己认为的主角或配角的性格特点，然后描述他们的个性和动机，比如他们是否有责任心或者支配欲很强等。
③结果发现，小说中的角色可以划分为鲜明的几类。一般来说，那些主角，比如简?奥斯汀的名著《傲慢与偏见》中的伊丽莎白?贝内特，她在责任心、有教养方面获得了读者的高分，而那些配角在获取社会地位、支配欲上的得分很高。而且在小说中，有支配欲的角色受到了作者的强烈谴责，这些坏家伙都是一些想支配他人的“机器”，他们过于我行我素，很少有亲近社会的行为。
④其实，中国小说中的角色也有类似的现象。比如在《三国演义》中，刘备是作者力捧的正面人物，不仅有“携民渡江”的高度责任心，还一心一意要匡扶汉室，拯救天下苍生；而曹操则是小说中的大反派，“宁可我负天下人，不可教天下人负我”就是出自他口，而且挟天子以令诸侯，具有极强的权力欲和支配欲。
⑤专家们分析了调查结果后认为，这些对立的小说角色其实反映了人类经历了漫长的狩猎－采集原始社会后形成的集体观念，在那样的社会中，由于要和自然界进行艰苦的抗争，个人的强势被部落集体的利益所压制了。而小说中恰恰反映了个人支配欲和集体利益之间的根本对立，虽然在今天的世界上很少有人还生活在狩猎－采集社会，但这个永恒的主题依然让小说深入人心，因为它的确反映了远古形成的人性。
⑥另外一些角色的分数介于好人和坏人之间，比如《呼啸山庄》中的西斯科里夫或者《傲慢与偏见》中的达西先生，他们在小说中的出现表明，人们为了维护集体的社会秩序，对个人产生了压力，这种冲突以这些角色的形式被反映了出来。
⑦小说就像是一种粘合社会的胶水，增强了那些能造福整个社会的行为，这些行为可能是人类在与环境的抗争中逐渐进化出来的。另一方面，小说和某些社会警示故事的效果是一样的。在原始社会，打猎为生的原始人谈论一些人的欺骗和欺凌弱小的行为，以达到不让坏人得偿所愿的目的。而小说同样起到了这个效果，人们通过阅读小说，了解了坏人的伎俩，避免自己今后上当受骗。
⑧小说不仅是进化的产物，它实际上也正在影响人类社会未来的进化。
【小题1】阅读第①段，说说“为什么名著能够经受时间和文化的洗礼而流传下来”。
【小题2】第⑤段中“永恒的主题”指的是什么？
【小题3】结合全文，谈谈你对最后一段的理解。
【小题4】请结合《简?爱》或《水浒传》的内容，位第③段或第④段增加一个事实论据。
第（ ）段： 查看习题详情和答案>>
One day, a visitor came to the village.
"Watch this", a villager said, and called to Freddie. "Come and play a game, Freddie, " he shouted. Freddie walked slowly towards him, a silly smile on his face.
"Look! Freddie, "the villager said, "I’ve got something for you." He showed Freddie a dollar coin and a much larger 50-cent coin."Which would you like?" he asked Freddie.
Freddie took the 50-cent coin at once.
The villager laughed."See how foolish he is," he said."He always does that. He’s too silly to learn anything." He walked away, leaving Freddie with the visitor.
The visitor felt sorry for Freddie and said to him, "Although the 50-cent coin is bigger than the＄1 coin, the＄1 coin is worth(值) much more.Two times as much."
"I know that," Freddie said."But once I take the＄1coin, they’ll stop playing the game."
小题1:根据第一段The people of the village laughed at him. They liked to show visitors how silly Freddie was.描述,可知选D
小题2:根据第一段They liked to show visitors how silly Freddie was. 描述,可知选A
小题3:根据最后一段The visitor felt sorry for Freddie and said to him, "Although the 50-cent coin is bigger than the＄1 coin, the＄1 coin is worth(值) much more.描述,可知他认为弗雷迪不知道这些硬币的价值.故选D
小题4:根据短文最后一句话"I know that," Freddie said."But once I take the＄1coin, they’ll stop playing the game."可知弗雷迪这样做只是为了让人们不断地给他钱,故选C,他其实很聪明.
小题5:这篇短文主要描述了一个被村民们认为很傻的人,但是实际上这个人很聪明.故选B,foolish用引号括起来,表示相反的含义.
小题6:People laughed at Freddie because__________.
| A．he often made up jokes | B．he didn’t like money |
| C．he looked very funny | D．they thought he was a fool |
| A．how silly Freddie was | B．how clever Freddie was |
| C．How kind people were to Freddie | D．that Freddie had much money |
| A．Freddie did not know money was useful |
| B．the villager was not kind enough to the boy |
| C．Freddie did not get along well with the villagers |
| D．Freddie did not know the dollar coin was worth more |
| A．poor | B．kind | C．clever | D．silly |
| A．Clever Villagers | B．"Foolish" Freddie |
| C．Freddie and a Visitor | D．A Visitor and the Villagers |
阅读以下文章，完成阅读任务。
Pop music and movie star Jay Chou from Taiwan produced a song for the Beijng Games；It's not an easy thing for him，because he had never tried to write this kind of music before．
He worked on the song A Long Journey for five months and finished it in Taipei on March 9．Chou told the Shanghai-based Oriental Daily he rushed to complete the song and ended up e-mailing it to Beijing Olympic officials(组委会)at night just before the deadline．
Beijing Olympic officials will reveal(展示)the songs for the Olympics 100 days before the Games start．
Chou，famous for his roles in the Zhang Yimou-directed Curse of the Golden Flower and Initial D，said the song was a new change for him．
“I think the feeling of the electric guitars is a little sponger than just using the piano，”Chou said“If listeners from Europe and America hear this kind of music，I hope it can make them jump back a little！”The song blends(混合)Chou's traditional Chinese sounds with rock and electric instrument．
His song says：“A long journey，countless nights，waiting for a clear moon，on the border of dreams，the wind blows ceaselessly，never feeling tired，the East is worthy，who is number one，let us pursue perfection．”
March 10 was the closing date for the fourth round of Olympic song collection．Over 4,000 songs have been collected over the last four years，________ Light the Passion，Share the Dream，I am a Star，Forever Friends，Wishing Star．
1．What does the word “deadline”mean in Chinese？________
2．Why does Chou say“it can make them jump back a little！”
3．Translate the sentence The song blends Chou's traditional Chinese sounds with rock and electric instrument into Chinese
4．从文中找出more than的同义词 ________
5．根据上下文，请在最后一段的横线上填上一个适当的词或短语使文章完整：________
查看习题详情和答案>> 
Pop music and movie star Jay Chou from Taiwan produced a song for the Beijing Games. It’s not an easy thing for him, because he had never tried to write this kind of music before. He worked on the song A Long Journey for five months and finished it in Taipei on March 9. Chou told the Shanghai-based Oriental Daily he rushed to complete the song and ended up e-mailing it to Beijing Olympic officials（组委会） at night just before the deadline.（1）
Beijing Olympic officials will reveal（展示） the songs for the Olympics 100 days before the Games start.
Chou, famous for his roles in the Zhang Yimou-directed Curse of the Golden Flower and Initial D, said the song was a new change for him. "I think the feeling of the electric guitars is a little stronger than just using the piano," Chou said. "If listeners from Europe and America hear this kind of music, I hope it can make them jump back a little!"（2）
The song blends（混合） Chou's traditional Chinese sounds with rock and electric instrument.（3）
His song says: "A long journey, countless nights, waiting for a clear moon, on the border of dreams, the wind blows ceaselessly, never feeling tired, the East is worthy, who is number one, let us pursue perfection."
March 10 was the closing date for the fourth round of Olympic song collection. Over 4,000 songs have been collected over the last four years, __5__Light the Passion, Share the Dream, I am a Star, Forever Friends, Wishing Star and so on.
1. What does the word “deadline” mean in Chinese?
2. Why does Chou say “it can make them jump back a little!"
3. Translate the sentence The song blends Chou's traditional Chinese sounds with rock and electric instrument into Chinese.
4. 从文中找出more than的同义词。
5. 根据上下文，请在最后一段的横线上填上一个适当的词或短语使文章完整。
查看习题详情和答案>> 
Pop music and movie star Jay Chou from Taiwan produced a song for the Beijing Games．It's not an easy thing for him，because he had never tried to write this kind of music before．He worked on the song A Long Journey for five months and finished it in Taipei on March 9．Chou told the Shanghai-based Oriental Daily he rushed to complete the song and ended up e-mailing it to Beijing Olympic officials（组委会）at night just before the deadline．（1）
Beijing Olympic officials will reveal（展示）the songs for the Olympics 100 days before the Games start．
Chou, famous for his roles in the Zhang Yimou -directed Curse of the Golden Flower and initial D, said the song was a new change for him．“I think the feeling of the electric guitars is a little stronger than just using the piano，” Chou said．“If listeners from Europe and America hear this kind of music，I hope it can make them jump back a little!”（2）
The Song blends（混合）Chou's traditional Chinese sounds with rock and electric instrument．（3）
His song says：“A long journey，countless nights，waiting for a clear moon，on the border of dreams．the wind blows ceaselessly，never feeling tired，the East is worthy，who is number one，let us pursue perfection。”
March 10 was the closing date for the fourth round of Olympic song collection．Over 4,000 songs have been collected over the last four years， 5 Light the Passion，Share the Dream, I an a Star, Forever Friends, Wishing Slat and so on．
1．What does the word “deadline” mean in Chinese?
2．Why does Chou say “it can make them jump back a little!”?
3．Translate the sentence “The song blends Chou's traditional Chinese sounds with rock and electric instrument” into Chinese．
4．从文中找出more than的同义词
5．根据上下文，请在最后一段的横线上填上一个适当的词或短语使文章完整。
查看习题详情和答案>>