2009年高中英语条件句表达的六种热点考查方式
条件句的表达形式有:
1. if如果
You should call 119 if there's a fire.
If you think that treating a woman well means always getting her permission for things, think again. (06湖南)
2. unless如果不,除非(多数情况下与if...not用法相同,两者都引导条件状语从句,但unless比if ... not的语气要强。
例如:
You will be late , you leave immediately.
A. unless B. until C. if D. or
答案A。句意: 除非你立即走,否则你会迟到的。该句可转化为If you don’t leave immediately, you will be late. B、D项填入后句意不对,or表转折,若用or则句子应为: Leave immediately or you will be late. 再如:
He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business. = He is sure to come if he hasn’t any urgent business.
注意: 当unless引导的从句的主语与主句的主语相同时,unless后面的主语和动词有时可省略。
Unless (he is) in uniform, he doesn’t look like a policeman.除非他穿着制服,否则他看起来不像警察。
He will not come unless (he is) invited.除非被邀请,否则他是不会来的。
但在下列情况下要斟酌替换使用:
1) 当从句是虚拟形式时,只用if ... not,不用unless引导。例如:
The flowers would have died if you had not watered diligently.
2) 当主句为疑问句时,不用unless,而用if ... not。例如:
What shall we do if he doesn’t reply to our letter?
3) 当unless引导的从句带有否定词时,不能用if ... not代替。例如:
I’ll go unless no one else goes.
3. as long as只要
As long as there is life there is hope. 有生命就有希望。(留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。)
I’ll accept any job as / so long as I don’t have to get up early.只要不必早起,任何工作我都可以接受。
4. once作连词表示“一旦,只要”,引导条件状语从句。
Once you understand the rules of the game, you will enjoy it.一旦你了解了游戏的规则,你就会喜欢它。
Once he is free, he will play computer games. 只要他有空,他就玩电脑游戏。
例如:_______environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the ecosystem(生态系统) to recover.
A. Even if B. If only
C. While D. Once
解析: 答案为D。even if“即使”,if only “要是……就好了”,while“虽然”, once“一旦”。句意为“一旦环境遭到破坏,就要花很多年才能恢复生态系统”,故D正确。once作连词表示“一旦,只要”,引导条件状语从句。再如:
5. 祈使句或名词短语 + 含有一般将来时或情态动词的陈述句
例如:Dress warmly, you’ll catch cold.
[A] on the contrary [B] or rather [C] or else [D] in no way
[分析] 本题考查固定句型:“祈使句+or (else) /and you will...”。其中,祈使句相当于if或unless引导的条件状语从句,并列连词后面的句子多用将来时表示结果。连词or (else)(也可以用otherwise)意为“否则”,后面的句子是转折的结果;连词and意为“那么,如此一来”,后面的句子是顺承的结果。如:Wait a minute and I’ll tell you all about it.(再等一会儿我就会告诉你事情的全部。)Come on, or you will miss the chance.(加油,否则你将失去这个机会。)本题中前后分句是转折关系,应选[C]or else。
其他选项都是固定短语,但是表示的逻辑关系均不符合句意。on the contrary意为“(与此)相反”,如:I thought the movie would have been terrible; on the contrary it is very interesting.(我原以为这部电影会很糟糕,结果相反,它很有意思。)or rather意为“更确切地说”,如:I am 1 year older than you, or rather 1 year and 2 months.(我比你大一岁,更确切地说大一岁零两个月。)in no way意为“决不”,放在句首时,引起句子倒装,如:In no way can we allow this to continue.(我们决不允许它再继续下去。)
[句意] 穿暖和一些,不然你会感冒的。
6. provided意为“如果,倘若,只要”,引导条件状语从句
You can arrive in
[A] provided [B] unless [C] though [D] until
[分析] provided意为“如果,倘若,只要”,引导条件状语从句,相当于if,如:The boss will pay the bonus provided(that)the job is completed on time.(如果工作按时完成的话老板将发奖金。)unless相当于if …not,引导条件状语从句,意为“如果……不……,非…… 不可,除非”,由于它是具有否定意义的连接词,因此所引导的从句谓语一般是肯定形式,如:Unless the rain stops,I shall not go out for a walk.(倘若雨不停,我就不出去散步了。)though意为“虽然,尽管;可是,然而”,引导让步或转折从句,如:Though she gave no sign, I was sure she had seen me.(尽管她没有示意,我还是确信她看见了我。)Your suggestion is feasible, though it may be rather costly.(你的建议是可行的,但也许要付出不少代价。)until常和not搭配,引导时间状语从句,意为“直到……才”,如:He did not leave the house until his father returned.(他直到父亲回来才离开房子。)根据句意,应选[A]provided。
[句意] 假如你不介意乘夜班车的话,你就可以早点儿到达北京开会