09年高考英语考前语音突围
英语语音,就如汉语拼音。为此,2005年高考又将其列入考纲。当然,要过好语音这一关,掌握发音规则是基础,熟读单词是关键。但是,特别注意牢记一些不符合读音规则的字母和字母组合,则能更好的为高考服务。因为特殊是高考的热点。
一、考查一些字母的特殊读音。
1.元音字母a,e,i,o,u.
⑴ a通常在重读开音节中读[e],在重读闭音节中读[æ],在w后通常读[],在s,ss,st,sk,ch,th,n,f前读[:],在非重读音节中读[][].
特殊:①[:] water
②[e]any,many,anyhow,anything等含有any的不定代词中。
③[]courage,encourage,language,necklace,orange,
average,baggage
(2008全国II)match
A. separate B. marry C. machine D. many
(2007全国II)animal
A.ache[:] B.anything C.advance D.anxious
(2008全国II)majority
A. baggage B. attract C. Canadian D. magazine
⑵ e 通常在重读开音节中读[:],在重读闭音节中读[e].
特殊:①[]actress, careless, develop, entire, perfect, reduce, secret, carpet, celebrate, desert
②[]children, open, problem, silence, satellite, September
③不发音:frighten, listen, often, garden, citizen
(1997全国卷)medicine
A. except B. record C. increase
⑶ i通常在开音节中读[ai],在闭音节中读[i].
特殊:① [] impossible,possible,terrible,holiday,horrible
②[:] police,Pisa,machine,magazine,technique
③ []live, give, notice, native, office, promise, imagine, opposite
④不发音:basin, civil, pencil, pupil, cousin,
(i的发音近几年没考,须注意)
⑷ o通常在重读开音节中读[],
但在do, to, who, move, prove, lose, whose等读[u:];
在重读闭音节中读[],
但在most, post, cold, both, roll, hold, scold, host等st, ld, th前常读[]
特殊:①[u]woman
②[]collection, complete, compare, composition, custom, develop, iron police, polite, observe, official, Europe
③[]women
④[] (多在m, n, th, v等前时,如comfort,
Comfortable,come,company等)
⑤[:] story
⑥[] comb,Negro,piano,radio,tomato
⑦[] gone,common,concert
⑧不发音:cotton,reason,prison,person,pardon,lesson,poison
(2007全国II)stop
A.lose B.woman C.shock D.rose
(2007陕西卷)compare
A.company B.continue C.common D.concert
⑸ u通常在重读开音节中读[:]或[:],在重读闭音节中读[]或[].
特殊:①[]autumn, August, industry, succeed, success, suppose, until, unless, supply, difficult
②[e]bury
③[]busy,minute,business
④[]museum,communism,unite,January,occupy
(2008陕西卷)club
A. pollution B. struggle C. useful D. bury
2.辅音字母c,w,n,s,g.
⑴ c通常发[k],(在元音a,o,u前和辅音前,以及在词尾时)
特殊:① [ʃ] delicious,musician,special,social,
socialist,official(在ea,ia前)
② [s]ceiling,century,celebrate,cinema,city,
incident(多在e,i前)
(2007全国II)center
A.ocean B.decide C.cause D.socialist
(2007陕西卷)success
A.official B.excuse C.correct D.exciting
⑵ w通常发[w]
特殊:不发音:answer,sword,two
⑶ n通常发[n]
特殊:[ŋ]uncle,English,single,thank,anxious,drink等(在c,g,k前)
⑷ s通常发[s],[z]
特殊:① [ʃ]sugar,sure
② []measure,pleasure,treasure,usual, conclusion
(2008全国II)rise
A. purse B. else C. praise D. mouse
⑸g通常发[g]
特殊:① []age,apologize,apology,page等(e,i(y)前)
②不发音:design,foreign,sign等(在n前)
(2008陕西卷)passenger
A. sugar B. organize C. strange D. together
二、考查一些常见字母组合的特殊读音。
⑴ea通常发[:]breathe,tea,read等
特殊:①[e] dead,pleasure,peasant,head,already,
health,thread heaven,sweater,bread,breakfirst,health,
pleasure,deaf, thread等
②[e] great,break
③[] real,idea,theatre,realize, area
④不发音:beauty
(2008陕西卷)area
A. theatre B. breathe C. break D. heaven
⑵ear通常发[]
特殊:①[:] earth,year,early,earn,learn,heard,search,
earnest
②[] bear,pear,tear(v.),wear
③[:] heart
⑶ai & ay在重读音节如train ,against, contain, raise, remain及always,birthday,everyday,railway等中通常发[ei].
特殊:①[] captain,mountain,yesterday,Friday, Sunday,bargain等
②[e] said,says
③[]mayor
④不发音Britain, certain
(2008全国II)Britain
A. certain B. train C. against D. contain
(2007陕西卷)raise
A.remain B.certain C.mountain D.bargain
⑷al通常发[:]
特殊:①[:l] also,always,almost,salt,although,altogether,false
②[l]actual,animal,arrival,general,natural,
several等非重读时
③[:] half,calm等(在f,m前)
⑸oo通常发① [u]在k前或took, shook, cook, cookie, book, look, hook, classroom, bedroom, understood等非重读时,以及good,good,stood,wood,
wooden,football,foot 等重读时 ;
② [:]在food, soon, cool, zoo, tool, bamboo, loose, school, wool, pool, fool,room,noon,cocoon,
spoon,loom,roof,root,troop,smooth,shoot,too,
balloon,choose,droop,proof等重读时
特殊:[]blood,flood,warm-blooded
⑹ou通常发[au]
特殊:①[:] group,wound,you,youth
②[] anxious, dangerous,curious, famous, moustache, nervous, obvious, serious,mysterious
③[]country,couple,courage,cousin,
encourage,touch,trouble,young
④ [:]cough
(2007全国II)ground
A.house B.country C.group D.cough
⑺our通常① 在重读音节中发[au]; ②在非重读音节中发[]
特殊:① [:]course,court,four,fourth,mourn,pour,
resource,your,yourself
② [u] tour
(2008全国II)course
A. journey B. four C. labour D. hour
⑻er通常① 在重读音节中发[:]; ②在非重读音节中发[]
特殊:[a:]sergent,clerk
⑼or通常① 在重读音节中发[:]; ②在非重读音节中发[]
特殊:①[:] word,work,world,worm,worse,worship,worst,worth等(在w后)
②[]worry
⑽ure通常① 在重读时发[j]cure,pure;
②在非重读时发[]injure, figure,
特殊:[j]failure
⑾ch & tch通常读[]
特殊:[k]headache,Christmas,chemical,school, stomach, chemistry,architecture
[ʃ] machine
(2008陕西卷)chemistry
A. stomach B. achieve C. check D. machine
⑿th通常① 在介词,冠词,代词,连词中,以及e,er前读 [];②在词首和词尾多读[]但there,their,this,
That,these,those等读[]
特殊:①mathematics,maths,mouths读[];
②smooth,worthy,clothing, bathe读[];
③以th结尾的复数读[]baths,months,cloths,
例外:maths,mouths[]
(2008全国II)bathe []
A. faith B. cloth C. maths D. smooth
(2007全国II)breathe
A. thick B.southern C.mathematics D.method
(2007陕西卷)theirs
A.thread B.smooth C.thirsty D.health
⒀ gh通常在igh,ough中不发音
特殊:[f]cough,enough,laugh,tough
⒁ex在本身是重读或次重读时读[eks]expert, extra, exercise, excellent, exhibition, explanation
特殊:①为非重读音节,后面是元音字母读[igz]exact,exam,exist,examine,example
②为非重读音节,后面是辅音字母读[iks]excite,expect,extend,extraordinary, except,
excuse,express,expensive,experience,experiment,explain,
⒂ ed在清辅音后读[t],浊辅音后读[d],元音后也读[d],t,d之后读[id]。
⒃s/es的发音规则在清辅音后读[],浊辅音后读[],元音后也读[],t,d之后读[ts] [dz]。
另外:①au,augh,aw读[:];②air,are读[];
③ei读[i],特殊:either, neither[ai]; foreign[i];
④eigh读[ei], 特殊:height [ai]; ⑤eer读[];
⑥ere读[]here, atmosphere或[]where,there,特殊: [:]were; ⑦ire读[ai];
⑧oul读[u]could,should,would
特殊:[u]should,soul;
⑨sion读[],特殊: [] decision, conclusion,occasional,television;
⑩tion读[],特殊: []suggestion,question
⒃ie通常读 [:]achieve believe ;特殊[ai] society science;特殊[e] friend
(2007陕西卷)society
A.achieve B.friend C.science D.believe
三、考查一些不发音的字母及字母组合。
⑴ b bomb,climb,comb,debt,doubt
⑵ c muscle,science,scientist
⑶ d handsome,grandpa,grandma,grandchild,
sandwich,Wednesday
⑷ k knee,knife,knock,know,knowledge,kneel
⑸ h hour,honest,exhibition,forehead,
whisper,wheelchair,honour
⑹ l could,would,Lincoln
⑺ g design,foreign,sign
⑻ r iron
⑼ s island
⑽ t castle,fasten,often,whistle,Christmas,
listen
(2006全国II)honest
A. husband B. habit C. hour D. host
四、历年部分高考真题回顾
1. (99)navy A. neighbor B. nationality C. relative D. valley
2.(99)unit A. fierce B. nephew C. juice D. sure
3.(98)prove A. stone B. route C. stove D. hook
4.(05II)grade A.temperature B.classmate C.necklace D. fortunate
5.(06II)occur A. position B. possible C. offer D. ocean
6.(96)Advanced A. task B. fortunate C. entrance D. salute
7.(97)motor A. opposite B. ocean C. oppress D. object
8.(97)canal A. important B. liberation C. majority D. national
9.(97)medicine A. except B. record C. increase D. physics
10(96)longer A. London B. prove C. lock D. lonely
11(98)anxious A. branch B. conclusion C. dangerous D. tongue
12(05II)official A.concert B.century C.coast D.ocean
13(06II)honest A. husband B. habit C. hour D. host
14(99)gentle A. organize B. bargain C. regular D. charge
15(97)oxygen A. geography B. degree C. recognize D. sugar
16(99)spare A. fear B. earn C. pear D. beard
17(99)journey A. merchant B. courtyard C. energy D. serious
18(98)breathe A. health B. deaf C. increase D. pleasure
19(06II)enough A. shout B. touch C. soul D. mouth
20(05II)south A.courage B.soup C.southe D.trousers
21(05II)surprise A.performance B.further C.work D.nurse
22(05II)smooth A.feather B.tooth C.thief D.warmth
23(96)third A. southern B. weather C. thus D. theory
24(96)Christmas A. speech B. stomach C. charge D. church
25(98)achieve A. research B. chemist C. technique D. stomach
KEYS:
1-5: ABBBA 6-10: ABDAC 11-15: DDCDA
16-20: CACBD 21-25: AADBA
(注:由于笔者打不出新国际音标,音标部分为旧国际音标)