怀仁七中九年级英语第二轮专题复习学案
代词
代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语和句子的词.英语中代词可分为人称代词 ,物主代词 ,反身代词,相互代词 ,指示代词,不定代词,连接代词,疑问代词和关系代词.
考点1.人称代词
1. 人称代词是用来指人或事物的代词.人称代词有人称,数,格和性别的变化.
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
He ,she , it
him,her ,it
they
them
2.人称代词的用法
(1)人称代词的主格在句中一般作主语,宾格一般作宾语,表语.
You are a student.
She will teach us English next term.
Please open the door.It’s me.
(2) it的用法
a.代表前面提到过的事物.
My pen is missing.I can’t find it anywhere.
b.用来指人,主要指婴儿或身份不明的人.
The woman had a baby.It is ten months old.
Who is knocking at the door? It’s me.
c.表示时间,距离,天气,季节等.
What time is it ? It’s nine.
It was cloudy yesterday.
It’s only half an hour’s walk from here to our school.
It’s summer now.
d.作形式主语或形式宾语.
I found it difficult to learn English at first.
It’s important to protect our environment
3.并列人称代词的次序
几个人称代词并列时,一般是第二,第三人称在前,第一人称在后,但we除外.
you and I you ,he and I he and I
we and you you and he we and they
he and she we, you and they
但在表示承担责任时,通常将第一人称放在句首.
考点2. 物主代词
1. 表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词.它又分为形容词性和名词性物主代词.
种类
单数
复数
第一人 称
第二人 称
第三人称
第一人 称
第二人 称
第三人 称
形容词性
my
your
his/her/its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
His/hers/its
ours
yours
theirs
2. 物主代词的用法
(1). 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,放在名词之前作定语,不能独立使用.For example: my watch , his father.
(2).名词性物主代词相当于名词,也相当于<形容词性物主代词+名词>,可以作主语,宾语或表语,后面不能加名词.
The desk is mine
My watch is old,but his is new.
You can use my bike.I’ll use hers.
考点3.反身代词
1. 反身代词的基本形式
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself,herself,itself
themselves
2. 反身代词的用法
(1).反身代词作宾语,表示动作的承受者是动作执行者本身.
They enjoyed themselves at the party.
(2).反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,用来加强语气.
I myself can work out the problem
=I can work out the problem myself
You can go and ask the teacher himself.
带有反身代词的常用短语。
teach oneself自学 help oneself to随便吃些…吧
say to oneself自言自语． learn．．．by oneself自学…
enjoy oneself过得愉快 leave one by oneself把某人单独留下
hurt oneself伤了自己 dress oneself自己穿衣服
come to oneself苏醒过来
考点4.相互代词
用来表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词.相互代词有each other和one another,所有格形式是each other’s /one another’s,两者常可互换.
We should help each other.(作宾语)
Do they know each other’s/one another’s friends(作定语)
他们认识对方的朋友吗?
考点5.指示代词
1. 指示代词有this,that,these,those,such,same
2. 指示代词的用法
(1).that和those常用来代替前面出现的人,事,物,以免重复.that可代替可数名词和不可数名词;those可代替复数名词.
The spring in
His father was ill.That’s why he didn’t come.
The students in our school are more than those in No.5 Middle School.
(2).在打电话时,英语中常用this代替自己,that代替对方.
A: May I speak to Mr Zhang,please?
B: This is Zhang Ming speaking. Who’s that ?
(3)such表示如此这样的人或事; same表示同样的人或事,前面必须加the.
I have never seen such a beautiful mountain .
They left for
Such is our study plan
考点6 不定代词
1.不定代词主要有：each, every,both,all,either,neither,none, one,few
,little,many,much,other,another,some,any,no以及some,any,no和every构成的合成词。
2.不定代词的用法
（1）some,any,something,anything
①some（修饰或代替单复数名词或不可数名词）和something多用于肯定句中。
I have something to ask you.
②any（修饰或代替单复数名词或不可数名词）和anything一般用于否定句,疑问句和条件句中。
Please ask the teacher if you have any questions
③当说话人期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，some,something可用于疑问句中，而不用any,anything
Would you like something to drink?
④any,anything也可用于肯定句，any表示“任何……”（用于三者或三者以上），anything表示“任何事、任何东西”
（2）both,neither,either,all,none
①both,neither,either这三个词都只限于两者，both表示“两者都……”用于肯定句，neither同both互为反义词，表示“两者都不”，either表示“两者之中任何一个”（或用于否定句句末，表示“也”）
Both of his parents are workers.
Neither answer is right.
Either day is OK.
He didn’t know the answer ,either.
②all和none互为反义词，都用于三者或三者以上，all表示“全部，一切”，none表示“没有任何人或物”，两者都可修饰或指代可数名词及不可数名词。none作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用复数。但none后的名词是不可数名词时必须用单数。
None of us know/knows him.
All the students are here.
③none用于回答how many,how much提问的问题，而no one,nobody常用于回答who提问的问题，nothing常用于what提问的问题
(3)many,much,(a) few, (a) little
many,(a)few修饰可数名词复数，much (a) little修饰不可数名词，a few ,a little表肯定“有几个，有点”，few ,little表否定“没多少，很少”
A few of us have been to
He says much,but does little.
Don’t worry.There is a little time left
He has few friends, does he ?
Did you see many people there?
(4)other,another,the other,others,the others,one
①other泛指“另外的或其他的人或物”，常作定语。
Do you have any other question(s)?
②others泛指“另一些人或物”，意思是other ones，可以作主语或宾语.
There are some children in the park.Some are singing and others are dancing.
③another泛指三者或三者以上不定数目中的“另一个”只可修饰或代替单数名词。
I don’t want this one, give me another , please.
④one用来代替前面刚提到的人或物，以免重复，复数形式ones，也可以泛指“人们、任何人”
Do you have a bike? Yes, I have a new one.
⑤the other特指“两者中的另一个人或物”。常与one对照使用。
I have two pencils.One is short,the other is long.
Shut the other eye, too.
⑥the others特指一定范围内剩下的全部“其余的几个人或物”。
He is cleverer than the others in his class.
注意：1)another+基数词+复数名词=基数词+more+复数名词,another和 more表示“还，再”但当基数词是one时，名词要用单数。
I want one more apple
There are ten more holes to be dug.=There are another ten holes to be dug.
2)one 与it 的区别：one用于代替同一名称的另一件东西；it用于代替同一名称的同一件东西
3）the other day/night意为“几天前的一天/一个晚上
（5）当不定代词作主语或主语的定语时的主谓一致
①谓语动词用复数时包含下列不定代词：
both,many,others,the others,(a) few,all/some
②谓语动词用单数时包含下列不定代词：
either,neither,each,every,one,(a) little,much,all/some、some、every、 no、 any构成的合成词。
Everyone is here. No one is away.
Everything goes well.
③当none作主语时，谓语动词单复数皆可。
注意：当形容词或else修饰由some,every,no,any构成的合成词时，应置于被修饰词之后。
Is there anything new in today’s newspaper?
Would you like something else ?
考点7 疑问代词
疑问代词
意义
功能
示例
who
谁
主语
Who will go with you ?
表语
Who is the girl in red ?
宾语
Who are you looking for?
whom
谁
宾语
Whom are you looking for?
To whom are you talking?
whose
谁的
主语、表语、宾语、定语
My bag is here.Whose is there?
what
什么
What’s your name?
which
哪个（些）
Which man is your father?
what/which
what一般指不定数目中的“什么；哪一个（些）选择范围无限
What would you like to eat?
在一些固定的场合，what也可指一定数目中的“什么”如四季、周、颜色等
What day of the week do you like best?
What season do you like best?
which指一定数目中的“哪一个”有一定的选择范围
Which do you like better,dogs or cats?
what/who
What可用来提问职业、人口、价格、年龄、颜色、日期、星期几、高度和尺寸的大小。
What’s your mother?
What’s your age?
What’s the height of your father?
Who询问人的关系、身份等
Who is the woman?