科目 英语
年级 高二
文件 high2 unit18.doc
标题 Mainly Revision
章节 第十八单元
关键词 高二英语第十八单元
内容
一、教学目的和要求：
1．单词和词组：
fly(n.) L.69四会
in order that shout at L.71
waiter lay the table by accident L.69三会
cigar announcement track truth book(v.) charge L.70
extremely determine stupid permit prison couple L.71
Hank Stram Tina Max carrige in common L.70二会
get in touch with absence Frankfort Bonn turn up on one’s own
rush hour brake cyclist rude L.71
2．复习日常交际用语（Unit13―Unit17）
3．语法：复习第十三单元至第十七单元的语法项目
a）名词从句 Noun Clause（as an attribute）
b）定语从句 Attributive clauses（by/in which）
c）过去分词 Past participle（as an attribute, adverbial）
d）省略句 Ellipsis
e）名词从句 Noun Clauses（as Appositive）
二、重点与难点
L.69
1．There are thousands of jokes in English which have a “play on words”.
在英语里，有数以千计的“双关语”的笑话。
句中的play on words意为“俏皮话”，“双关语”，“文字游戏”。即利用英语音异义或一词多义的现象构成含义诙谐的语义双关的词语。这一词组也可以作动词短语，作“说俏皮话”，“做文字游戏”解。本课中的小对话就是例子。
例如：Customer：What’s this?
Waiter：It’s bean soup.
Customer：I don’t want to know what it’s been; I want to know what it is now.
顾客说的最后一句俏皮话，就是通过“bean”和“been”这二个同音异义的词表现出来的。因为“It’s bean soup”和“It’s been soup”听起来是一样的，实际上前句的句意为“这是豆汤”，而后句的句意则为“这原来是汤”。
2．Customer：What’s wrong with these eggs?
Waiter：Don’t ask me. sir, I only lay the table.
这段对话的意思是顾客向服务员提意见问道：“这些鸡蛋怎么了？”（也许味道不对，也许是坏鸡蛋）。而服务员却回答说：“别问我这个，（我也不知道怎么回事），我只是摆了桌了”。这一笑话的关键词是动词lay，这是个多意词，lay eggs是（鸡、鸭）生蛋的意思，而lay the table是摆桌子准备用餐的意思。
另外在交际用语中，表示“……怎么了”有多种方法，例如：“你怎么了”可以有以下几种：
What has happened to you?
What’s the trouble with you?
What’s wrong with you?
3．…Quite by accident. 纯属偶然。
“by accident”意为“碰巧”，“偶然地”，“意外地”，“非有意的”，类似的词组还有by chance，相当于accidentaly，例如：
I met her quite by accident/chance. 我遇到她完全是偶然的。
He failed the exam by accident. 他考试没通过纯属偶然。
L.70
1．Hank Stram was on vocation travelling through Europe by train with his two children.
汉克斯特拉姆正在与他的两个孩子乘火车作穿越欧洲的旅行。
句中的on vocation意思是“正在度假”，另外还可以用on holiday表示“正在度假”。除此之外，on还可以构成一些习语，如：
on business出差 on purpose有意
Our manager is away on holiday this week. 我们的经理本周休假。
He’s gone to Canada on business. 他去加拿大出差了。
The family are on holiday in France. 这一家人在法国度假呢！
2．He bought a coffee and as the train was travelling fast and moving from side to side, he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat.
他买了份咖啡。由于火车跑得快，左右摇晃，因此他决定在餐车里喝掉它，而不带回到座位上去。
a）句中的get a coffee意为“拿/买一份咖啡”。coffee作为物质名词时是不可数名词，例如：Latin American countries export coffee. 拉丁美洲国家出口咖啡。
如果指“一份咖啡”或“一杯咖啡”时，常用a coffee或a cup of coffee来表示。
b）from side to side的意思是：“晃来晃去”。句中的from…to…还可以组成很多词组，例如：
from time to time有时 from morning to (till) night从早到晚
from beginning to end自始至终 from head to foot从头到脚
from bad to worse每况愈下
In order to buy her husband a birthday present, she went to from shop to shop.
为了给她的丈夫买生日礼物，她转了一家又一家商店。
3．They found that they had a / of in common and get on well.
他们发现他们有许多共同之处而且相处得也很好。
a）句中的in common作“（和……）有共同之处”，“共用”解，例如：
Real friends should have everything in common. 真正的朋友应该是共享一切。
The swimming pool is used in common by all the children in the neighborhood.
这个居民区所有的儿童共用这个游泳池。
另外，in common与介词with连用时，意思是“和……一样”。例如：
In common with many boys, he likes playing football. 和许多男孩子一样，他喜欢踢足球。
In common with you, he kept his mouth shut at the meeting yesterday.
他和你一样，在昨天的会上一音不发。
b）句中get on well为动词短语，作“（同……）相处得好”解，也可作“在……方面进展不错”解，与get along意思相近。例如：
How are you getting on with your classmates? 你和同学们相处得如何？
I’m getting on well in my new job. 我的工作情况进展不错。
We got on together like old friends. 我们相处得像与朋友一样。
4．Finally Hank and his friend gave each other their addresses and promised to get in touch again with each other when they both returned to the States.
最后，汉克和他的朋友互换了地址，并且保证回到美国后和对方联系。
句中的to get in touch with…是一个动作性动词词组，意思为“与……进行接触”，“和……取得联系”。如果表示状态，则用词组keep in touch with…，意思是“和……保持联系”。例如：
She was anxious to get in touch with you. 她渴望和你取得联系。
I’ve been trying to get in touch with you all afternoon. 我整个下午都在和你联系。
Have you kept in touch with him? 你仍和他保持联系吗？
For six months, the astronauts have kept in touch with the research centre on the earth by radio.
六个月来，宇航员们一直用无线电与地面上的研究中心保持联系。
*lose touch with…是“和……失去联系”的意思。例如：
I used to see him quite often but we have lost touch.
我以前常看见他，但现在我们相互失去了联系。
I don’t want to lose touch with you. 我不想和你失去联系。
5．He had gone through six carriges when he found he could go no further.
他走过了六节车厢，突然发现再也走不通了。
a）go through在句中的意思是“穿过”，这是一个十分活跃的动词短语，还可以作“审阅”，“检查”，“用完”，“经历（困难、痛苦等）”解。例如：
It’s quite dangerous to go through a forest alone. 一个人穿越森林是相当危险的。
They went through our luggages at the customs. 他们在海关检查了我们的行李。
Our tearchers are going through our papers in their office. 我们的老师正在办公室阅卷。
I went through all the money my parents gave me. 我花光了父母给我的钱。
My grandparents went through a lot during the war.
我的祖父母在战争期间经历了许多艰难痛苦。
b）注意when的用法。在此句中when意为“突然发生某事”，常常可译为“……正在……突然……”，这是when的固定句型及表达法，不可以用其它连词替代。例如：
I was just coming to see you when I ran into him. 我打算来看望你，突然又碰到他了。
I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我正准备离开突然下雨了。
c）句中的could go no further与could not go any further同义。例如：
I have visited the city no more since last summer.
I have not visited the city any more since last summer.
从去年夏天起，我再也没去过那个城市。
6．I’m going to see what Dad is up to. 我要去看看爸爸怎么了。
be up to是一个多义词组，需要根据上下文去理解。它可作“（打算）做……”，“（觉得）有条件做……”，“由（某人）决定……”解。例如：
They are very quiet. I wonder what they are up to there.
他们非常安静，真不知他们在那干什么呢。
Is she up to such an important job? 她能胜任如此重要的工作吗？
Whether he will take it or not is up to you. 他是否接受这个就看你的了。
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can. 应由我们来决定是否能尽我们所能地去帮助他们。
What have you been up to lately? 你近来在忙什么呢？
7．Two hours is a long time to take over a coffee. 两个小时端杯咖啡是够长的了。
a）复数名词作为一个整体看待时谓语动词用单数。例如：
Twenty dollars is too much for a child to spend a week.
一个星期花消20美元对小孩子来说多了点。
Three hours is not enough for them to complete the task.
对他们来说三个小时完成这项任务是不够的。
b）句中的take over作“拿过来”解，另外还可以作“接替（职务）”，“接管”解。例如：
I’ll take over his job while he is on holiday. 他度假时我将接替他的工作。
This large company has taken over many small ones. 这家大公司接管了许多小公司。
Was it in 1948 that the Government took over the railways in Britain?
大不列颠政府是在1948年接管铁路的吗？
8．She had gone through just a few carriages before she found herself at the front of the train.
她只走了几节车厢就发现自己已经来到列车的前部。
这里请注意句中连词before的译法，在此before作“（不多久）就……”解。例如：
He didn’t wait long before his father came back. 没等多久他爸爸就回来了。
It wasn’t long before he told us about the affair. 没多久他就把这事告诉了我们。
before在作连词用时，还可以作“……（之后）才……”解。例如：
It was a long time before I got to sleep again. 过了很长时间我才又入睡。
It was evening before we reached the little town. 天黑了我们才到达那小城。
It will be five years before we meet again. 五年以后我们才会再想见。
9．The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked for you.
他留下话，你们应去那家旅馆，房间也已经给你们定好了。
a）句中的be to do sth.常常表示“应该做某事”或“按计划将做某事”，这是表示将来时间的一种结构，用于第二人称时，常含有转达别人指示的意思。例如：
you’re to go to the teachers’ office after school. 放学后你要去老师办公室。
We are to wait for her at the school gate. 我们要在校门口等她。
They’re to begin their experiment next week. 他们计划下周开始他们的试验。
另外，这一结构用于第三人称时，通常表示命令或指示，例如：
“The room is to be locked”. The manager said. 经理说，“这个房间要上锁”。
She’s to be back before ten. 她必须在十点以前回来。
b）此句中的book一词作动词用，意思为“订（票，房间，座位等）”。例如：
He had booked two seats on the plane from New York to London.
他已经预定了二张由纽约飞往伦敦的机票。
I believe it’s terribly crowded, so you’d have to book seats now.
我认为一定十分拥挤，你最好现在就预定座位。
与book构成的短语有：
book down登记，记帐 book in签到 book up订（车票，住处等）
10．The hotel paid the taxi driver and put the charge on their hotel bill.
旅馆给出租汽车司机付了款，并将费用记在他们的旅馆帐单上。
句中的charge是个多义词，在这里作“费用”解，除此之外，还可以作动词用，作“收（费）”，“索（价）”，“控告”，“指责”等解。例如：
What is the charge for a room? 租住一个房间的费用是多少？
There is no charge for the exhibition. 这个展览不收费（免费）。
How much do you charge for a haircut? 理个发要多少钱？
We don’t charge anything for this? 我们对此不收费。
Please charge these to my account. 请把这些记在我的帐上。
He was charged with stealing. 他被指控犯了偷窃罪。
L.71
1．But the hardest part was the interview. 但是最难的一关是面试。
句中的interview是名词，作“接见”，“会见”解，另外还可以作及物动词用。例如：
In the morning, I had three interviews. 早上我有三次会。
He refused to give any interviews to newspaper reporters. 他拒绝一切新闻记者的采访。
The film star interviewed the journalist one by one. 这位影星会见一个又一个的记者。
The manager said it was time to interview the staff members in his company.
经理说是该接见公司职员的时候了。
2．A yellow car passed me and suddenly stopped, as there was another car coming in the other direction.
一辆黄色的小汽车从我身边开过并且突然停了下来，因为对面正好有一辆车开过来了。
在英语中，表示动作的方向多用介词to或toward(s)，但如果用名词direction时，则用介词in，构成in…direction，意为“朝……方向”。例如：
In which direction does the river run? 这条河流向何方？
She hurried away in the opposite direction. 她匆匆忙忙地朝相反的方向走去。
The ship was sailing in the direction of Dalian. 轮船朝大连方向驶去。
3．I had to brake hard and I hit another cyclist. 我只好急刹车，撞到了另一位骑车人。
brake一词既可以作名词用也可以作动词，在此是作动词用的。例如：
The driver braked hard as the child ran onto the road in front of him.
那孩子跑到汽车前面的路上，司机猛踩刹车。（作动词用）
His brakes failed on a steep hill. 他的车闸在陡峭的山路上失灵了。（作名词用）
4．I cycled as fast as I could and saw that the driver in the yellow car was waiting at the red light.
我以最快的速度骑过去，看到黄轿车里的司机正在红灯的地方等着。
The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could.
面试进行得很顺利。我把我的经历告诉了公司，并且尽可能老老实实地回答了他们的问题。
在这两句中，均有由as…as引导的比较状语从句。“as+adv.+as+Subject+can/could”这一结构常可以用“as+adv.+as+possible”来代替，作“尽可能”，“尽量”解。例如：
I shall come to see you as often as I can (as often as possible)
我尽可能地经常过来看望你。
Please get them to finish it it as quick as possible. 请让他们尽快地完成这项工作。
5．I was still so angry I was determined to tell him what I thought of him.
我很生气，决心把我对他的看法告诉他。
a）此句是由so…(that)的句型引导出来表示结果的状语从句，其中的that省去了。口语常常可以省略。
b）(be) determine(d) to do sth.与make up one’s mind基本同义。例如：
He determined (was determined) to go there first. 他决定先去那儿。
I was determined not to follow his advice. 我下定决心不采纳他的建议。
Have they determined where the new school will be built?
他们决定在什么地方建新学校了吗？
6．I told him that he had knocked two people off their bicycles and had nearly caused a bad accident. 我告诉他他把两个人撞下了自行车，并且差一点儿造成一场事故。
a）此句中的knock off作“将……撞离……”解。例如：
He was so angry that he knocked all the books off the table.
他十分生气并将桌子上的书全都摔到了地上。
除此之外，knock off还作“停止工作”，“减（价）”，“扣掉”解。例如：
What time do you knock off? 你什么时候下班？
We have done enough for today. I think we’ll knock off.
我认为我们今天干得够多了，就到这儿吧。
I’ll knock you five pounds off if you buy two. 如果你买两个，我就给你减掉五英磅。
knock是一个比较活跃的动词，可以和许多介词、副词构成词组。如：
knock sb. down将某人打倒在地 knock at/on the door敲门 knock into sb.撞在某人身上
b）句中的cause作动词用，意为“引起”，“造成”。例如：
I hope you’ll forget all the unhappiness I’ve caused you.
希望你能忘记一切由我而引起的不愉快。
What caused his illness? 什么使他生病了？
The situation caused the serious concern to the Government.
当前的形势引起了政府的关注。
cause作名词用时，意为“起因”，“根源”，“理由（不可数）”。例如：
The cause of the fire was a cigarette end. 这场火灾的起因是烟头。
There is no cause for complaint. 没有什么可以抱怨的理由。
7．I seem to remember that the last time we met I did most of talking, so perhaps I should let you do the talking this time.
我似乎记得我们上次见面时，主要谈话的是我。因此这次也许该让你来讲话了。
句中的the last time引导出了一个状语从句。在英语中，一些名词词组可以充当连词，引导状语从句。例如：
The moment he spoke, we recognized his voice. 他一说话，我们就听出他的声音了。
Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次进来时请关上门。
Don’t look up new words each time you meet them. 不要一遇到生单词就查字典。
8．I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me for having been so rude. 我很高兴，经理决定不因我曾经粗暴无理而生我的气。
句中由for having been so rude引导的短语作状语，说明angry的原因。由于动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，也就是说粗鲁的行为发生在经理之前，因此用完成形式having been来表示。例如：
He was sentenced to death for having killed a man.
他因为杀了人而被判了死刑。
He felt sorry for having wasted so much time.
他因过去浪费了太多的时间而感到遗憾。
She forgot having been taken abroad when she was a child.
她忘记当她还是个小孩子时曾去过国外。
三、同步测试
Ⅰ．选择最佳答案：
1．Here is my card. Let’s keep in .
A．relation B．touch C．connection D．friendship
2．I dislike the way he treats his students.
A．which B．by which C．／ D．on which
3．They are boys that they can’t do the work well.
A．so small B．so little C．such few D．such little
4．My father often asks how I at school with my classmates.
A．get on B．get down C．get off D．get up
5．―How long has this bookshop been in business?
― 1992.
A．After B．From C．Since D．In
6．―Why does Tod look so unhappy?
―He seems to .
A．to being scolded B．being scolded
C．to have scolded D．to have been scolded
7．It’s useless only about it.
A．talk B．talking C．talked D．to be talked
8．I still remember the many times he saved the wounded soldiers on the battle field.
A．where B．／ C．in which D．which
9．Who is it up whether to start the experiment or not?
A．to deciding B．to decide C．to to decide D．for to decide
10．When people talk about the cities of Japan, the first comes into mind is Tokyo.
A．of which B．that C．city D．one
11．The two words have something with each other.
A．in difference B．in ordinary C．in common D．in same
12．Can you lend me the book the other day?
A．about that you talked B．you talked about
C．which you talked D．that you talked
13．She hasn’t got enough to buy the computer.
A．that B．which C．for which D．with which
14．We think it important college students should master at least on foreign language.
A．that B．what C．whether D．what
15． I will accept the gift is none of your business.
A．What B．Whether C．If D．Which
16．He was born in Nanjing but studied in Beijing .
A．So did I B．So I did C．So was I D．So it is with me
17．What’s the for her anger? She’s usually not easy to get angry.
A．reason B．fact C．cause D．wrong
18．I was about to leave the telephone rang.
A．after B．while C．when D．before
19．The woman looks worried. She seems something.
A．having lost B．to be losing C．to have lost D．to lose
20．It was raining hard, caused the river to rise.
A．which B．as C．it D．that
Ⅱ．完型填空：
Two women came to Solomon with a hard problem.” This woman and I live in the same house. “explained one of them.” I gave 1 to a baby, and two days 2 , she bore a baby dead. But when I was 3 she put her dead child next to me and 4 my baby. As I got up and looked at the baby, I saw that it was not 5 .
6 this the other woman said, “No! The 7 child belongs to me.” The first woman answered, “No. The boy 8 is my son, not hers. “This was how the women 9 .
Solomon 10 for a sword, and, when it was 11 he said, “Cut the baby that is alive 12 half, and give each woman half of it.”
“No!” cried the first woman. “Please 13 put the child to death. Give it to her.” But the other woman said, “Don’t give it to 14 of us, go on and cut it.”
Finally Solomon spoke, “Don’t 15 the child! Give it to the first woman. She is the 16 mother.” Somomon knew this because the first woman loved the baby 17 much that she was ready to give it to the other woman. 18 this way the baby could be saved. When people heard how Solomon had 19 the problem they were glad to have such a 20 king.
1．A．food B．milk C．birth D．death
2．A．behind B．later C．before D．back
3．A．working B．sleeping C．dreaming D．lying
4．A．woke B．killed C．brought D．took
5．A．my B．her C．mine D．hers
6．A．At B．With C．On D．In
7．A．living B．alive C．lively D．lived
8．A．dying B．living C．death D．alive
9．A．quarrelled B．talked C．said D．fought
10．A．looked B．cared C．sent D．called
11．A．brought B．taken C．carried D．held
12．A．into B．in C．by D．onto
13．A．not B．not to C．won’t D．don’t
14．A．neither B．either C．both D．any
15．A．die B．beat C．murder D．kill
16．A．wrong B．real C．mistaken D．clever
17．A．too B．very C．that D．so
18．A．By B．Through C．In D．With
19．A．found B．grasped C．solved D．worked
20．A．wise B．brave C．cruel D．funny
Ⅲ．阅读理解：
（A）
Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they many become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.
1．What is the topic of the text?
A．Young thieves. B．An unusual illness.
C．Reasons for stealing. D．A normal child’s actions.
2．From the text we learn that small children .
A．have little control of themselves B．usually steal things but grow up honest
C．are usually kleptomaniacs D．like to give things away
3．Kleptomaniacs usually steal things that .
A．are valuable B．are unimportant
C．their friends like D．they themselves need
4．Which of the following words can best replace(替代) the word desire in the first sentence?
A．chance B．power C．right D．wish
（B）
Our neighbour asked my daughter what she put on her cat to make him smell so good, “Maybe it’s the perfume I use,” came the reply “The cat sleeps with his nose against my neck, so some of the scent must rub off on him.”
The next evening our neighbour was in a department store when she noticed a familiar fragrance(香味) in the air. Our neighbour liked shopping very much and always went to the same store. She asked the woman who had just walked by what perfume she was wearing. After learning the name, our neingbour said, over the heads of all in the crowded store. “It smells wonderful. My friend’s cat wears it.”
1．The cat smelled good because
A．the writer’s daughter put perfume on him B．the cat slept with the girl
C．the cat liked the smell of the perfume D．the cat wore perfume
2．Which of the following sentences does not keep to the topic?
A．Our neighbour asked my daughter what she put on her cat to make him smell so
good.
B．“It smells wonderful.”
C．She liked shopping very much and always went to the same store.
D．“My friend’s cat wears it.”
3．In the sentence “After learning the name,…” the world “name” refers to .
A．the lady’s name B．the name of the perfume
C．the name of the store D．the name of the cat
4．On hearing the neighbour’s words, the lady in the store would probably be .
A．happy B．angry C．worried D．proud
5．When the neighbour said, “It smells wonderful. My friend’s cat wears it.” she wanted to .
A．make fun of the lady B．make fun of the perfume
C．sound funny D．praise the perfume
Ⅳ．改错：
According to an old story, a farmer once found that 1．
a bag of corn had been stolen in his house. He went to 2．
the judge and told him his loss. The judge ordered that 3．
all the people of the farm must come before him. He 4．
took a number of sticks of equal long and gave one stick 5．
to every man. He then said, “Come here again tomorrow. I 6．
shall know who of you is the thief because the stick 7．
giving to the thief will be one inch longer than the 8．
others.” The next day a thief was found because he 9．
was afraid of being found out and cut an inch of his stick. 10．
Ⅰ．1―5 BCDAC 6―10 DBBCB 11―15 CBDAB 16―20 DCCCA
Ⅱ．1―5 CBBDC 6―10 AADAC 11―15 ABDBD 16─20 BDCCA
Ⅲ．（A）1―4 BABD （B）1―5 BCBBD
Ⅳ．1．√ 2．将in改为from 3．在him之后加about 4．去掉must
5．将long改为length 6．将every改为each 7．将who改为which
8．将giving改为given 9．将a改为the 10．将inch后的of改为off