科目 英语
年级 高三
文件 high3 unit10.doc
标题 The Trick (计谋)
章节 第十单元
关键词 高三英语第十单元
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
■ 大纲规定的单元日常核心交际用语指南
Prediction , Conjecture and Belief (预见、猜测和相信)
● Idiomatic Sentences 功能套语
1. I guess she's gone to visit some friends in another town . 我想她是去另一个城镇拜访朋友去了。
2. That's possible , but we can't be sure . 那有可能，但我们不能确定。
3. Something may have happened to her . 很可能他发生了啥事。
4. She might have + done … 她有可能已经……
She might have left for holiday . 她有可能去度假了。
5. She must have + done …
She must have gone to the public library . 她一定是去公共图书馆了。
6. It seems that … 好象……
It seems that she has known the examination marks . 好象她已经知道了考试的结果。
7. It looks as if … 好象……
It looks as if the boy is anxious about his sick father . 那个男孩好象很为有病的父亲担忧。
8. Obviously she's gone somewhere to stay . 很显然她去别的某个地放了。
9. I 'm sure … 我可以肯定地是……
I 'm sure that you will be given a warm welcome . 你放心，你肯定能受到热烈的欢迎的。
10. In actual fact , I think you're right . 实际上， 我倒认为你是对的。
11. I can't guess how much it costs . 我猜不出要多少钱。
12. Can you guess his age ?
13. He must come from the northwest . 他一定是来自西北。
14. You must be joking ! 你一定是在开玩笑 ！
15. They must have arrived by plane . 他们一定是乘飞机来的。
16. I seem to have caught a cold . 我似乎得了感冒。
17. It seems that he's not in at the moment . 他现在好象不在家里。
18. There seems no need to grow now . 现在似乎没有必要去了。
19. It appears to be endless . 似乎没有止境。
20. You appear to have travelled quite a lot . 你似乎去过了不少的地方。
21. It appeared that she had a taste for music . 她似乎很喜欢音乐。
22. I believe it to be true . 我相信这是真的。
23. I don't believe that it matters too much . 我认为这事关系不大。
24. There seems to be a good film tonight .
25. It seems that the petrol prices will increase this summer .
26. He can't have saved much money . 他不可能节约了很多的钱。
27. It's obvious that we are running out of our food . 很显然我们的食物快用完了。
● Model Dialogues 交际示范
A：Excuse me , Where are you from ?
B：Can you guess ?
A：You must come from Australia , don't you ?
B：Yes , I do . How did you guess ?
A：The way you speak ! Which part of Australia are you from ?
B：Plumtree . That's a small village near Sydney .
A：Hello . May I speak to Mr Wu ?
B：Sorry he has gone to Guangzhou .
A：I saw him this morning . When did he leave ?
B：Twelve o'clock . He must have arrived by now .
A：Oh , what a pity ! When will he be back ?
B：It seems that he won't be back until next Wednesday .
A：Ok , thanks . Bye !
B：Bye !
■ 单元核心句型剖析
1. ( Lesson 37 ) It's not like her to have missed two days of classes .
一两天不来上课，她不是这样的人。
〖剖析〗It's (just) like sb to do sth “某人（恰恰）就是这个样子”，表示表扬或者不满，其否定式则表示怀疑。如：
It's like him to leave the work to others . 他就是把工作推给别人的人。
It was like him to fail us at the last minute . 他就是这样，在关键时刻让我们失望。
It's just like her to think of others before thinking of herself . 她恰恰就是先人后己的人。
It isn't like him to have said anything like that .他可不是说出那种话的人。
It isn't like her to have spent so much money . 花掉这么多钱，我看这不像她做得出来的事。
◆ 下面两句不一样：It's not like her to have missed two days of classes .
一两天不来上课，她不是这样的人。（不上课的事已经发生）
It's not like her to miss two days of classes .
她不是那种两天不来上课的人。（并未发生过不上课的事，只是泛泛而谈）
◆ to have missed 是非谓语动词的完成式，表示动作早已完成。是高考测试中的重要知识点。又如：
（1）It isn't like him to have told a lie to the manager . 他不是给经理撒谎的那种人吧。
（2）I'm glad to have seen your headmaster yesterday .
（3）He is said to have written a novel about the Long March . 据说他写了一本关于长征的小说。
（4）They thought it a pity not to have invited them . 他们认为没有邀请他们是令人遗憾的。
（5）I regretted to have missed such good chances . 我遗憾的是错过了这些好机会。
2. （Lesson 39 ）The moment he entered the room , Bill fixed the chain across the door . 比尔一进入房间，就用链条把卧室的门扣上。
〖剖析〗这是复合句，其句型为：the + 时间名词 + 时间从句 + 主句。the moment … 表示“一……就”，相当于 as soon as 。注意从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。如：
We started the moment we got your telegram .
The moment I heard your voice I knew that you were very angry with me .
The moment he comes , let me know .
The moment you set foot on Chinese soil you will see what great changes have taken place in the past 5o years .
◆ 在中学英语中，一些名词词组具有连词的作用，现归纳如下，供同学们学习参考。
◇ the + 瞬间名词 (instant , moment , minute , etc . ) ，意为“一……就……”。例如：
The instant the result came out she told us about it . 结果一出来，她就告诉了我们。
The machine starts the moment the button is pressed . 一按电钮，机器就开动了。
◇ the + 季节名词 (spring , summer , autumn , winter)。例如：
He came back the autumn his sister got married . 他妹妹结婚的那年秋天他回来了。
Jack went to Beijing the winter his mother was ill . 他妈妈有病的那年冬天杰克去了北京。
◇ the + 序数词 + time。例如：
The second time we met , he replied to a lot of questions . 我们第二次见面时，他回答了不少问题。
He came to see my mother the first time he came to London . 他第一次到伦敦就来看我母亲。
◇ 不定代词 each , every , any + time。例如：
Each time he came to Paris he would visit the museum . 他每次到巴黎都要去参观那个博物馆。
You're welcome to come back any time you want to . 你什么时候回来，我们都欢迎你。
◇ the + day , week , year……。例如：
He called on me the day he arrived . 他到的那天来看我了。
Tom didn't go to school the week the teacher was ill . 老师生病的那个星期，汤姆没去上学。
◇ 其它词组。例如：
I didn't see how he could act the way he did . 我不懂他怎么能那样做。
He doesn't study hard the way his elder brother does . 他不像他哥哥那样努力地学习。
■ 单元语法难点排除
直接引语变间接引语的 10 个注意点
本单元的语法要求是复习间接引语（Indirect Speech）和直接引语( Direct Speech )。同学们要通过本单元系统掌握表示请求或者命令的直接引语（祈使句）变成间接引语的方法。掌握当直接引语是一个陈述句时，在变成间接引语时应把这个陈述句变成由连词 that 引导的宾语从句，并根据意思改变人称和时态以及时间或者地点状语。下面是必须灵活驾驭的知识要点：
〖注意点 1 〗直接引语到间接引语的时态有变化。如直接引语的现在完成时变成间接引语的过去完成时等。时态变化中应注意：
直接引语表述的是客观真理时，间接引语中的时态不变。
Our teacher said , “The earth moves around the sun . ” →
Our teacher said that the earth moves around the sun .
直接引语是过去完成时，变间接引语时时态不变。
The boy said to his parents , “I had finished my homework before supper .”→
The boy told his parents that he had finished his homework before supper .
直接引语变成间接引语时，虚拟语气不变。
“We wish we didn't have to take exams . ”said the children . →
The children said that they wished they didn't have to take exams .
〖注意点 2 〗 指示代词、人称代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词也有变化。如直接引语中的 now变为 间接引语的 then 等。
注意如果转述发生在当地、当天的事，直接引语中的 come , here , today , this morning , yesterday , tomorrow 等不必改变。
He said , “I want this . ”→ He said that he wanted that .
He said , “I arrived yesterday morning .” → He said he had arrived the morning before .
He said , “I'll come here this evening .”→ He said he would come here this evening .
〖注意点 3 〗直接引语是陈述句，间接引语为 that 引导的宾语从句。
She said to me , “I'm studying Japanese these days .”→
She told me (that)she was studying Japanese those days .
〖注意点 4 〗 直接引语是一般疑问句时，间接引语为whether / if 引导的宾语从句。
Mr Howe asked , “Are you preparing for it ?”→
Mr Howe asked whether we were preparing for it .
如果是表示建议时可用 suggest / advise 来完成。
“Shall we meet at the theatre ?”he said . → He suggested that we should meet at the theatre . = He suggested meeting at the theatre .
〖注意点 5 〗 直接引语是特殊疑问句时，间接引语为连接代词（副词）引导的宾语从句。
He asked , “Which one do you like best ?”→ He asked which one you liked best .
〖注意点 6 〗 直接引语是反意疑问句时，间接引语为 whether / if 引导的宾语从句。
He asked , “You have succeeded , haven't you ?”→ He asked us if we had succeeded .
也可以将疑问部分的主语作间接引语中的宾语。
“Shut the door , will you ?”→ He told / asked me to shut the door .
〖注意点 7 〗 直接引语是祈使句时应把间接引语的句式改为 ask , tell , order 等+ 宾语 + 不定式。间接引语有时可以用 that 引导的宾语从句。以 let 开头的祈使句变间接引语时要选用 suggest + ing ， suggest + that 从句，ask sb to do , advise sb to 。
The Party secretary said , “Let's do our best to win still greater victory .”→ The Party secretary advised that we should do our best to win still greater victory .
〖注意点 8 〗直接引语是感叹句时可以用 what / how 引导。间接引语是祝愿时用 wish 。
“ How fast he runs ! ”he said . → He said how fast he ran . = He said that he ran very fast .
He said ,“Happy new year ! ”→ He wished me a happy new year .
〖注意点 9 〗 直接引语中有多种句式时，间接引语按照各自的句式转换。
“I can hardly hear the radio .”he said .“Could you turn it up ?”→
He said he could hardly hear the radio and asked me to turn it up .
〖注意点 10 〗如果直接引语中后一句说明前一句的原因时，可以用 as 来替代第二句的引导词。
“You'd better wear a coat . It's very cold outside .”he said .→
He advised me to wear a coat as it was very cold outside .
【指点迷津】
■ 单元重点新词透视
1. pause 作名词或者动词是“ 中止，暂停”
He often paused in his speech . 他讲演时常常停下来。
He made a short pause and then went on reading . 他停顿了一下，然后接着读下去。
〖测试要点〗
(1) 辨析 pause 和 stop
pause 是短暂的中断或停止。stop 是突然、断然的终止。
He stopped talking with his friends . 他停止与朋友交谈。（stop + ing 停止干）
He stopped to talk with his friends . 他停下来与朋友交谈。（stop + to do 停下来干）
The foreign guests paused to look round the park . 那些外宾在公园里停下来看看四周。
He began to speak but suddenly stopped .
The speaker paused for breath .
Jane paused to look into a shoe window . 简停下脚步，看一看橱窗。
（2）词组：at pause 中止，停顿。make a pause 停顿一下。without a pause 没有休息。pause on / upon 在……停顿一下。
2. aloud 大声地；出声地
She cried aloud for help . 她大声呼救。
Read the text aloud please . 请朗读课文。
〖测试要点〗辨析 aloud , loud , loudly
aloud 强调发出的声音虽然不一定很大，但能听得见，不是窃窃私语。aloud 没有比较级。
He read the letter aloud .
He reads the story aloud to his young son . 他朗读那篇故事给他小儿子听。
He laughed loudly . 他大笑起来。
think （out） aloud 自言自语
She has a good pronunciation when she reads aloud .
loud 作副词 = loudly ,“响亮地，大声地，高声地” 但强调发出的音量大，传得远的声音，一般多用于动词 speak , talk , laugh , read 等的后面。loud 还作形容词，有比较级和最高及。
In order to be heard , the teacher speaks loud and clear .
We shouted as loud / loudly as we could . = We shouted at the top of our voices / lungs .
Speak louder , please . I can't hear you .
You are talking too loud .
He told us that in a loud voice .
All of us dislike loud music .
Will you please speak a little louder ?
loudly 作副词是“响亮地”，强调“喧嚣”之意。
Suddenly , the bell on the wall rang loudly .
Someone knocked loudly at the door .
The bomb exploded loudly (= with a loud noise ) .
3. fear 作名词或者动词“害怕，恐惧，担忧”
She feared for the little boy's safety .
There is no fear of his losing his way . 他不会迷路的。
I fear that I am late . = I'm afraid that I am late .
I have a fear that we will be late . = I'm afraid we will be late .
〖测试要点〗
(1) 用于简略回答中。
―Is she going to die ?
― I fear so . 恐怕如此。
A: Will he get well ?
B: I fear not . 恐怕不会好了。
(2) for fear (that) 由于害怕，生怕，以免。后跟的从句中用情态动词 might , would , should 。
I took an umbrella with me for fear (that) it should rain . 我因为怕下雨而带雨伞去。
4. aircraft 飞机；航空器（包括飞机、直升机、滑翔机、飞艇、热气球等）；飞艇
The airline has ordered 25 new aircraft . 这家航空公司定购了 25 架飞机。
〖测试要点〗
aircraft 是集合名词，单复数一样。在测试中必须注意不要在其后加 -s 。
by aircraft 用航空器（注意中间不要加 the ），相当于 by plane , by air , by airplane , by aeroplane 。
5. flight 楼梯的一段。
He lives two flights up . 他住的地方还要再上两段楼梯。
She fell down a flight of stairs . 她从一段楼梯上摔了下来。
〖测试要点〗辨析 flight 和 stair
flight 是“一段楼梯”。stair 是“一层后台阶”。可见 flight 范围大于 stair，也就是说，flight 是由一层一层的stair 组成。另外，flight 还作“飞行，飞翔，航班，射程”讲。
How long is the flight to New York ?
She took the two o'clock flight to Chicago . 她搭两点飞往芝加哥的航班。
Did you have a good flight ? 这躺飞机还好吧 ？
The flight of stairs wants repairing .
His room is three flights up . 他的房间在 3 段楼梯上面。
■ 单元重点词组扫瞄
1. be worried about 为……发愁，焦急，担心
He was worried about / over her health .
2. turn up 出现；向上翻；扭亮灯，开大音量
He promised to come but hasn't turned up yet . 他答应来，但还没有露面。
She turned her nose up at the idea . 她对这个主意翘起了鼻子。（表示蔑视）
He turned up the ends of his trousers . 他卷起了裤腿。
Please turn up the radio a little . It's too low .
Something unexpected may have turned up .
〖测试要点〗会辨析使用由 turn 构成的词组：
turn against 背叛。turn away from 把脸从……转过来。turn back 折回，把……逐回。turn down翻下衣领，调小，关小。turn in 归还，递交。turn off 关掉。turn on 打开。turn over 翻倒,仔细考虑。turn to 转向，求助于。by turns = in turn(s) 轮流，依次。take turns at +doing 轮流干。
We take turns at cooking . = We cook by turns .
They sang on the stage in turn .
We drove the car by turns . = We took turns at driving the car .
The key you lost has turned up . 你遗失的钥匙已经找到。
I turned to him for advice .
A big wave turned over the fishing boat .
It turned out that two passengers had been killed .
Everything turned out well . 一切顺遂。
Don't turn on the TV now .
Turn off the lights before you go out .
Please turn down the television .
We had better turn back now , for it is getting dark .
She turned away and cried .
Nothing can make me turn against my company .
3. at least = at the least 至少
The food wasn't good but at least it was cheap .
注意区别：not in the least 一点也不，丝毫不。
He is not in the least angry .
4. What / How + about … 干……怎么样？……好吗 ？
How / What about a cup of coffee ?
〖测试要点〗What / How about 后可接名词 （或者动名词、代词）
How / What about taking a walk ?
How about going to Qingdao for our holidays ?
Some of them have gone . How about the others ?
What about us having a break under the tree ?
5. in actual fact = in fact = in reality = as a matter of fact = actually 其实，事实上
I thought she was six , but in actual fact , she's only four .
1. pick up 得到，获得，收听到，拾起，中途让某人上车
This kind of radio can pick up the programmes broadcasting by BBC. 这种收音机接受 BBC电台的节目比较容易。
He had picked it up from a research station in the desert the day before . 这是他前一天从沙漠地区的研究所取来的。
2. glance over = glance ( one's eyes ) over 随便看一看，浏览 。
Oh , he didn't study it . He only glanced over it . 噢，他没有研究过它，只粗略地看了一看。
glance over 有时相当于 look over , glance through。在课文中的 … then glanced over his shoulder before continuing down the street . (然后他回头望了望，就又沿街走去。)
最好一段中的 glance at 为“对……瞥一眼”。He glanced at his watch once again .
3. have a sudden thought 突然想出一个主意
I still remember he had a sudden thought in time of danger . 我至今记得他当时在危险的紧急关头想出了办法。
have … thought of / about 有……的办法，有……想法，有……打算
I had no thought of hurting his feeling . 我无意伤害他的感情。
I had some thoughts of going to the countryside . 我想到乡下去。
Have you got any thoughts about next weekend ? 你下周有啥打算 ？
4. in a flash 瞬息，刹那间
In a flash he remembered everything and a plan began to form in his mind .
An idea formed in my mind in a flash . 我脑子里闪出一个想法。
5. hold out 伸出，拿出
He held out his hand and stopped a taxi . 他伸手拦了一辆出租车。
6. on one's arrival ……一到达
On his arrival he went straight to the counter . 他一到达就径直向服务台走去。
7. in uniform 身着制服
Do you know the man in uniform over there ? 你认识那边身着制服的人吗 ？
8. appear calm 外表显得很镇静（注意这里 appear 是系动词，故后接形容词 calm ，不要用 calmly ）
9. with fear 害怕地
10. have a look around = look around = look about = look round 环顾四周
11. follow sb upstairs 跟某人上楼 (注意upstairs 为副词，其前不要加 to ）。又如：go upstairs / downstairs
12. break into 非法进入，破门而入；闯入
We had to break into the room as we had lost the key .
This box looks as if it's been broken into . 看来这箱子有人撬过。
13. walk over to 走到……处
14. by name 名叫；指名道性地
The assistant , Tom by name , is asking to see you . 一个名叫汤姆的售货员要求见你。
He call call all his students by name . 他能叫出所有学生的名字。
by the name of 名叫，以……身份
A friend of mine by the name of Mike will be your manager . 我的一个名叫迈克的朋友要成为你们的经理。
15. walk around 在……随便转转
16. with sunglasses = wear sunglasses 戴着墨镜
17. smile to oneself 暗自微笑
The man with the beard smiled to himself .
Bill smiled to himself and began to feel less anxious .
I saw Mary smile to herself as she read the funny article .
注意类似的表达还有： think to oneself 暗想，say to oneself 自言自语。
18. take the lift to the fourth floor 乘电梯到四楼
19. get in a taxi 上出租车。get out of a taxi 下出租车。
20. say one's name aloud 大声说出某人的名字
1. make a lot of money 赚一大笔钱
2. for a moment 一下子，片刻，一会儿
注意：for the moment 目前，暂时
3. get on the aircraft to 乘飞机去……
4. It is perfect for 对……妙极了
5. force sth open 强行打开
注意：open 作宾补。如：The boxes of precious stones were forced open . 一箱箱宝石被强行打开。
6. break off 打断，折断，突然停止，休息，绝交
He broke off a branch and gave it to me .
Tom broke off telling the story to answer the telephone . 汤姆讲故事时突然停下来，去接电话。
She broke off with her best friend . 她与自己最好的朋友断绝了往来。
Let's break off for ten minutes . = Let's have a rest for ten minutes .
7. a flight of twelve stairs 一节 12 级台阶
8. turn round / about 转身，转向
They turned round and stood in the middle of the room , completely astonished .
9. lead up to 向上通到……
10. be curious about 对……好奇
11. escape from 从……逃离
12. make a telephone call to 给……打电话
13. play a trick on 给……开玩笑
14. be ashamed of 对……感到惭愧
15. as busy as a bee 忙忙碌碌
16. a flash of lightning 一道闪电
17. be supposed to do 应该干 ……
1. not do any shopping 不买任何东西
2. send a telegram to sb 给某人发电报
3. shake with fear 吓得直哆嗦
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
●从单元中词汇中的“静”说起
第 28 课中出现了 calm (镇静的，沉着的)，除calm 表达汉语“静”外还有：quiet , silent , peaceful 和 still。现就其用法归纳如下：
1. 形容天气的“温和”、“平静”、“寂静”时，这四个词基本通用。如：
a calm day 平静的日子，a quiet night 寂静之夜，a silent , moonless night 一个寂静、没有月亮的夜晚
2. 形容湖、海、洋的“平静”用 calm , quiet 和 still。如：
The sea is very calm . 海面很平静。
The high wind passed and the sea was calm again . 大风过后，海又平静下来。
The waters of the lake were quiet yesterday . 昨天湖面平静。
Still waters run deep . 静水流深。
3. 形容人的“冷静”、“镇静”用calm。如：
Keep calm ! 冷静点!
He is always calm even in times of trouble .
He seemed to be calm , but that deceived nobody . 他看上去是一副镇静模样，但其实谁也骗不了。
4. 形容人的“静默”用 quiet , silent。如：
He remained quiet throughout the meeting . 整个会议期间他保持沉默。
5. 形容人的性情温和、文静用 quiet。含没有明显的运动和声音。如：
a quiet girl 文静的女孩
My parents are quiet people . They never go out in the evening . 父母爱静，晚上从不外出。
This hospital lies in a quiet street .
6. 形容人“静止”用 still。still 含寂然不动，鸦雀无声。如：
Please stand still while I take your picture . 我为你拍照时，请站好别动。
Right now you need to stay still . 现在你需要静静地呆着。
The boy couldn't keep still in the doctor's chair . 孩子在医生的椅子上一刻也坐不住。
7. 表达“安静”，quiet , silent , still 都能用。如：
Be quiet / silent . 请安静。
a quiet room 安静的房间
The audience was quite still . 全场听众几乎鸦雀无声。
The town was still in the early hours of the morning . 清晨时刻整个城镇静静的。
The building was usually very quiet . 那楼通常很安静。
体会下面表人时他们之间的区别：
They stood calm ( quiet , silent , still ). 他们镇静地（安静地、默不作声地、一动不动地）站着。
● 当心试题中的“分离现象”
解题时，经常会遇到这类题目，原句式结构或动词短语等被某些成份分离，或出于语法上的需要而使其从原结构中分离出来，从而增强了试题的干扰性，加大了试题的难度。碰到此题目时，不能被其表面现象所迷惑，必须从句子的整体结构去理解，看清试题的本来面目。
◇ 主谓被分隔造成谓语动词的误用。
在主谓之间加入一个介词短语或一个从句，往往会使考生误把介词宾语作为主语或把从句中谓语当成主句谓语，造成谓语动词的误用。如：
All but one ____ here just now .
A . is B . was C . has been D . were
该题答案为D，但考生往往把 one 看作主语，误选B。
The day we looked forward to ____ at last .
A . come B . came C . coming D . comes
由于把人句中 looked forward to 看作谓语，故错选了C。实际上本句是缺少谓语，应选B。
◇ 从句被状语分隔，造成关系词与连词的误用，或由于行文需被分隔造成错误。
在先行词与定语从句之间加入一个时间状语或地点状语，易使考生误把地点或时间当成先行词而误用关系词。同位语从句与其同位的名词被分隔，易造成连词的误用。如：
I met the teacher in the street yesterday ____ taught me English three years ago .
A . which B . when C . where D . who
若把 yesterday 误当作先行词，会导致错选B，而其实 teacher 是先行词，应选D。
The news has come from Beijing , ____ an important meeting is being held there .
A . where B . in that C . that D . which
若把 Beijing 看成先行词，则会导致其后面的从句误看作定语从句而错选A。实际上逗号后的句子是 news 的同位语从句，答案应为C。客中结构是为了保持句子的平衡。
◇ 习语中间插入其他词造成分隔，导致用词搭配错误如：
We waited ____ line for the bus .
A . for B . in C . on D . with
此句易受习语 wait for 的影响而误选A，其实句中 wait for 已被分隔，应选B。
◇ 因倒装而引起的分隔造成谓语动词的误用。
有些倒装句易使考生误判句子主语而错用了谓语动词。如：
At that time on it ____ 2200 people .
A . was B . is C . are D . were
若把 it 看成主语，则会误选A。其实主语为 people , 应选D。
◇ 其他分隔引起的错误。如：
We'll do all we can ____ them .
A . help B . to help C . helped D . have helped
由于定语从句用了省略形式，往往把 can 当成从句谓语的一部分，导致误选A。其实这是不定式用作目的状语，应选B。
◇ 定语从句中的分离现象
There are 800 students in the playground of our school , 55% ____ are girls .
A . of them B . in them C . of which D . of whom
此题考查的是非限制性定语从句，先行词和定语从句被地点状语分隔开来，故选D。若此题改逗号为分号，则应选A，因为分号表示前后两句意义上相互联系，结构上相对独立。
He is one of those students who , I am sure , always do ____ best .
A . his B . their C . my D . one's
从表面上看答案似乎是C，但如果注意到前面的 who , 答案就明确了。此题定语从句中的关系代词 who 和谓语动词 do 被 I am sure 分隔开来了。因此正确答案为B。
◇ 连锁疑问句中的分离现象
____ would you say ____ be done ?
A . Why , it should B . Why , should it
C . What , should it D . How , that it should
此题不少学生错选D。原因是不了解此结构是连锁疑问句。其结构为“疑问词+一般问句+特殊问句的其余部分”，往往用来征询对某一疑问点的判断、认识、看法、猜度等。在这种问句中一般问句部分常见的动词有 think , guess , say , suppose , hope , imagine , believe等。此题中疑问词被移至句首，故选A。
― I haven't heard from him for a long time .
― What do you suppose ____ to him ?
A . was happening B . to happen C . has happened D . had happened
粗心者十有八九会选B。实质上此题也是一种连锁疑问句，特殊问句中的 what 移至句首。该句强调的是过的动作对现在造成的影响，因此用现在完成时，故选C。
◇ 动词短语中的分离现象
If better use is ____ your space time , you'll make greater progress in that .
A . spent B . taken C . made of D . used for
此题正确答案为C。乍一看，选C似乎不可思议，认为“be made of”应是“由……制成”之意。实质上此题考查的是短语“make use of”的用法，use 从原结构中分离出来充当条件句中的主语，因此谓语动词用被动式。
What idea can a man who is blind from birth have ____ colour ?
A . of B . in C . for D . with
不少学生误选B，认为“在颜色这方面”。其实此题考查的是“have (some , little , no…)idea of”结构。其中 who is blind from birth 是修饰 a man 的定语从句。该句中的“what idea”是疑问词被移至句首，故选A。
◇ 不定式复合结构中的分离现象
Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now ?
A . written B . writing C . write D . to writer
做此题时，首先要理清句子结构，理解 have 的确切含义， have 在此句中意为“请(让、叫)”。该句考查的是“have sb . do sth . ”结构，have 的受动宾语疑问词 who 被移至句首，故选C。
Whom had you better ____ it ?
A . to let do B . let to do C . to let to do D . let do
此题考查两种结构的用法：1 . had better do sth . ; 2 . let sb . do sth . 。此题题意为“你最好让谁做这件事呢 ? ”let 的受动宾语 whom 移到了句首，故选D。
◇ 主谓一致中的分离现象
Everybody in our country , men and women , old and young , ____ sports and games .
A . enjoy B . were enjoying C . enjoys D . are enjoying
此题主语和谓语被同位语分隔了。同位语对主语只起修饰、解释、说明的作用，不影响 everybody 的单数性质，故此题选C。
Miss Green as well as Mr and Mrs Green ____ devoted ____ spare time to the research work .
A . has ; her B . have ; their C . have ; her D . has ; their
此题正确答案为A。当主语后面跟 as well as , with , together with , but , including , besides 等连接的名词或代词时，谓语动词和其前面的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致。
【妙文赏析】
科普系列阅读 （二）
◆ Rockets in the Sky
What is the sky ? Where is it ? How high is it ? What lies above the sky ? I am sure that you have asked questions like these . They are very difficult to answer , aren't they ?
Perhaps we can answer some of these questions now . What is the sky ? It is vast space . Where is the sky ? It is all around the world . In the sky there is the sun , the moon , and all the stars .
Scientists have always wanted to know more about space . They use telescopes to obtain information . But this is not enough . So they want to send men to some of the other worlds in space .
The moon is the nearest heavenly body to the earth . An airplane cannot fly to the moon , because the air only reaches a height of 240 kilometres . Then there is no air . But a rocket can fly even when there is on air .
A rocket is made of metal there is a hot gas inside it . When it rushes out of the end of the rocket , the rocket is pushed up into the air .
Rockets can fly far out into space . Rockets have already taken men to the moon . One day they may be able to go anywhere in space.
NOTES : ⑴ vast adj . 广阔 ⑵ obtain v . 获得
EXERCISES: 请回答下列问题
⑴ What is the sky and where is it ?
⑵ In order to know more about space , what did scientists do ?
⑶ Why can't we fly to the moon in an airplane ?
⑷ what pushes a rocket up into the air ?
⑸ Can we be sure men will be able to go anywhere in space one day ?
〖译文与答案〗
空中火箭
天空是什么？它在哪儿？它有多高？天空的上方存在着什么？我确信你问过类似这样的问题。这些问题是很难回答的，不是吗？
或许现在我们能够回答这些问题中的一些。天空是什么？它是广阔的空间。天空在哪里？它遍及全球。天空中有太阳、月亮以及所有的星星。
科学家们总是想更多地了解太空。他们用望远镜来获取信息，但这是不够的。因此他们要把人送到太空中的其他星球上去。
月球是离地球最近的天体。飞机不能飞到月球上去，是因为飞机只能到达 24 万米的高度，再往上就没有空气了，但火箭即便在无空气时也能飞行。
火箭由金属制成，里成有一种热的气体，气体从火箭末端冲出来时，火箭被推向空中。
火箭能够飞出地球进入太空。火箭已经载人到了月球。会有那么一天，它们也许能够进入太空的任何地方。
答案：⑴ The sky is vast space and it is all around the world . ⑵ They used telephones to obtain information and they wanted to send men to some of the other worlds in space . ⑶ Because the air only reaches a height of 240 kilometres , then there's no air . ⑷ A rocket is made of metal . There's a hot gas inside it . When it rushes out of the end of the rocket , the rocket is pushed up into the air .
◆ Flying
Men have always wanted to fly like birds . Birds can fly easily because they are light , but men's bodies are heavier .
Men first went up into the air in balloons . These are big bags , and they are filled with gas . Hydrogen is a useful gas for balloons . It is lighter than air . Helium is also lighter than air , but it costs a lot of money . So balloons were (and are ) usually filled with hydrogen .
Balloons have to fly with the wind as they have no engines to drive them against it . Later , men made airships . These were balloons with engines , but they were also filled with hydrogen and some of them caught fire because the hydrogen escaped and the engines heated it . Then the airship was completely burnt in a few seconds .
Aircraft with wings now take people across the world . Powerful engines drive these machines across the sky . Some of the engines are like the engines of cars , but they are more powerful .
There is another kind of engine which we call the jet engine . An English engineer invented the jet engine . In May 1942 his new engine was fixed in an aircraft , and the aircraft flew quite well . At the same time he Germans were also building a jet engine ; but neither country told the other , of course .
Jet engines are very powerful . Usually two , three or four are enough for an aeroplane ; but some big aircraft have six . Anyone in a moving jet plane can feel the power of the engines . Jet planes can travel faster than sound (Sound travels at about 1100 feet a second . That is about 760 miles an hour .) As a flying jet plane leaves its noise behind it , we do not hear it until it has gone .
Notes : ⑴ hydrogen n .氢气 ⑵ helium n . 氦气 ⑶ be filled with 充满
Exercises : 请回答下列问题
⑴ Which costs more money , balloons filled with hydrogen or those filled with helium ?
⑵ What were airships ?
⑶ Why did some of the airships catch fire ?
⑷ When was the first jet engine fixed in an aircraft ?
⑸ How many jet engines are usually enough for an aeroplane ?
〖译文与答案〗
飞 行
人类总想像鸟一样地飞行。鸟儿能够轻易地飞行是因为它们身体轻，但是人类的躯体可就重多了。
人类最初是通过气球进入空中的，这些气球是充满气体的大袋子。氢气对于气球来说是一种有用的气体，它比空气轻多了。氦也是一种比空气轻的气体，但是它太昂贵了，因此气球通常都是装满氢气的。
由于气球没有发动机来作动力，所以气球不得不顺风飞行。后来，人类创造了飞艇，它们是具有发动机的气球，但不是圆的，而是长的，发动机在后面。它们也是被充满氢气；其中一些不幸失火，是由于氢气泄漏后发动机加热而引燃，几秒钟之后，飞艇就整个燃烧起来。
现在有翼的飞机可以带着人们穿越世界，强有力的发动机载着机器横过天空，一些发动机就像小汽车一样，但比它们的功率大得多。
还有一种我们称之为喷气式装置的发动机。一位英国工程师发明了这种喷气式发动机。1941 年5月，他发明的新发动机安装在一个飞机里，这个飞机飞行得很好。与此同时，德国人也建造了一个喷气式飞机发动机，当然两个国家都没告诉对方。
喷气式发动机马力很大。通常在一个飞机里装有两个、三个或四个已经足够了，但一些大的飞机要装六个。在一个正在运动着的喷气式飞机里，任何一个人都可以感觉到这些发动机的力量。喷气式飞机的速度要比声音的传播速度快（声音一 秒钟传播约1100英尺，也就是1 小时传播760 英里）。一个飞行着的喷气式飞机只有它飞过后我们才可听到噪声。
答案：⑴ Balloon filled with helium . ⑵ Airships were balloons with engines , but they were not round .They were long , and the engines were at the back . ⑶ Because airships were also filled with hydrogen and some of them caught fire because hydrogen escaped and the engines heated it . Then the airship was completely burnt . ⑷ In May , 1941 . ⑸ Usually two , three or four are enough for an aeroplane , but some big aircraft have six .
【思维体操】
It happened in a small village . The weather was bad and the farmers couldn't get good harvests . Most people were poor and few of them could send their children to school . Only Robert whose uncle was a policeman and worked in a town was in school for three years . So he thought himself the cleverest man in the world and always looked down upon others . One evening the young man went out for a walk and saw several farmers talking under a big tree . He joined them and soon he thought they were all foolish .
“Well , Mr Know-all , ”said an old farmer . “Are you good at guessing any riddles ?”
“Yes , I can guess all kinds of riddles !”the young man said without thinking .
“Please listen to me , then , ”said the old man . “Mr Smith has seven children . Autumn came and the apples were ripe . So he sent one to hold the ladder , two to pick apples and three to take the fruit home . And how many stayed at home ? ”
Mr Know-all thought for a long time and answered , “One ! ”
“You are wrong , ”a little boy returned . “Two persons stayed at home ! ”
All the farmers began to laugh at the young man . And do you know why ?
〖释疑〗There were eight people in the house (Mr Smith and his seven children ) . The farmer sent six to work in the garden . So there were two people left at home .
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
■ 单元热点测试突破
易错常考的“情态动词+ have done”结构
在本单元出现了多处 “情态动词+ have done”表达推测。如：Something may have happened to her . 该结构经常用于 NMET 测试中，请同学们勿必引起高度的重视。下面是常见的形式：
◇ must + have done (have been doing) 表示对过去情况的推测，只用于肯定句，意思是“一定……”。对过去的否定推测用 couldn't have + done 。对现在的否定推测用 can't be 。
Her eyes were red , she must have been crying . 她两眼通红，一定一直在哭。
You must have left your handbag in the theatre last night , I think . 我想你一定把手提包丢在剧场了。
He can't be Li Ming . Li Ming is taller than him by a head .
She couldn't have gone to the cinema yesterday afternoon , because he was staying with us all the day long .
◇ should (ought to) + have done 表示“本来应该做而实际上没做”，其否定式则表示“本来不该做而实际上做了”，常含有责备的语气。
You should have been here five minutes ago . 五分钟之前你就应该到这里了。
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied . 我多么懊悔我本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了!
◇ could + have done 表示“本来有能力做而实际上没有做”。
― We could have walked to the station , it was so near . 这么近，我们完全能走着来车站。
― Yes . A taxi was not at all necessary . 是呀，根本不必搭车的。
I could have won if I hadn't fallen over . 要不是摔倒，我准能赢。
◇ needn't + have done 表示“本来不必做的事，实际上做过了。”
I got up early , but needn't have done so , because I had nothing to do that morning . 那天早上我起得很早，可我根本不必起这么早，因为我无事可做。
You needn't have written such a long article . The teacher only asked for 300 words , and you have written 600 words . 你没有必要写这么长的文章，老师只要求写300字，你写了600字。
◇ would like to have done 表示“本来希望做而却未做的事”。
I'd like to have gone to college . 我要是上大学就好了。
I'd like to have seen his face when he opened the letter . 我真想看到他拆信时的脸色。
◇ can (could) + have done (have been doing) 表示对过去情况的推测，只用于否定和疑问句中，意为“一定没有……，一定不会……”。用 could 比用 can 语气更加委婉些。
He couldn't have gone to bed , you see , the light in his room is still on .
他一定还没有睡，瞧他房间的灯还亮着呢。
Where is Dick ? Where can he have gone ? Can he have been working ? 狄克在哪儿呢 ? 他会去哪儿呢 ? 他能一直干活吗 ?
◇ may (might) + have done (have been doing) 表示对过去的推测，多用于陈述句，意思是“可能……”。用 might 比用 may 语气更加委婉。
I may have misunderstood him . 我可能误解他了。
She might have taken the book with her , I suppose . 我想她可能把书带走了。
They might have been quarrelling about the problem the whole day . 对于那个问题他们可能一天都争论不休。
◇ would / should + have done 用于虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反。should 只用于第一人称，would 用于各人称。
I should have called you if I had known your telephone number . 如果知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。
There be 推测句型。其结构形式为：There + can / could / may / might / must + sth ./ sb . 。
该句型表达的是对“存在”的一种状态进行的猜测。
There must be many students in the classroom . 教室里一定有许多学生。
【动脑动手】
■ 中视图文好题快递
NMET 语境选择 100 题
1 . ― What are you doing ?
― I'm looking ____ the children . They should be back for lunch now .
A . after B . at C . for D . up
2 . The teacher told the class to ____ their books , for they would have a test .
A . put away B . put by C . put on D . put up
3 . I wonder what has brought ____ this remarkable change in their relationship ?
A . along B . away C . about D . around
4 . I can hardly hear th radio . Would you please ____ ?
A . turn it on B . turn it down C . turn it up D . turn it off
5 . He must ____ the south , for he likes to have rice for meal .
A . come along B . come over C . come from D . come to
6 . Still , he ____ his post , reporting the water level to the headquarters every fifteen minutes .
A . came to B . stuck to C . devoted to D . got to
7 . By reading quickly , I ____ the book before the library closed .
A . could be finishing B . could have finished
C . could finish D . can finish
8 . ― Must I get through the business in one evening ?
― No , you ____ .
A . mustn't B . haven't C . needn't to D . don't have to
9 . ― Where ____ my umbrella ?
― Somebody ____ it away by mistake .
A . is , must have taken B . is , must take
C . was , must take D . is , takes
10 . The teacher knows a lot about Shanghai . He ____ there before .
A . must be B . must go C . must have been D . must have gone
11 . ― Will your brother stay here tonight ?
― I'm not sure . He ____ shopping tonight .
A . must go B . can go C . may go D . will go
12 . ― Did Jim come ?
― I don't know . He ____ while I was out .
A . might have come B . has come
C . must have come D . should have come
13 . Why didn't you make me a telephone call yesterday ? I ____ about it .
A . should be told B . ought to have been told
C . should have told D . ought to be told
14 . ― Hurry , Mary ! You ____ on the phone .
― Oh , I'm coming . Thank you .
A . want B . are being wanted C . are wanted D . are wanting
15 . How long have you been in Beijing ? I ____ you ____ here .
A . didn't know were B . didn't know , had been
C . don't know , are D . haven't known , are
16 . ―Hasn't Professor Zhou arrived yet ?
― No , but I ____ he ____ here by this time .
A . thought , would be B . think , is
C . thought , was D . think , will be
17 . ―You've agreed to go , so why aren't you getting ready ?
― But I ____ that you ____ me to start at once .
A . don't realize , want B . don't realize , wanted
C . haven't realized , wanted D . didn't realize , wanted
18 . ― Look at this! I ____ some old pictures and ____ this baby picture .
― Is it a picture of you ? It's so lovely .
A . was going through , found B . am going through , find
C . went through , had found D . had gone through , find
19 . ― Where have you been all the time ?
― I came back at noon and I ____ in this room since .
A . have been B . was C . had been D . have gone
20 . She ____ for ten hours at least . It was at nine that she fell asleep last night .
A . slept B . had slept C . has slept D . was sleeping
21 . Don't get that ink on your shirt , for it ____ .
A . won't wash out B . won't be washing out
C . isn't washing out D . doesn't wash out
22 . ― We spent all our money because we stayed at ____ most expensive hotel in town .
― Why didn't you stay at ____ cheaper one ?
A . the , a B . a , a C . the , the D . a , the
23 . ― What would you like to eat ?
― I don't mind . ____ ―Whatever you've got .
A . Something B . Everything C . Anything D . Nothing
24 . My eyes are getting tired . I ____ for two hours . I think I'll take a break .
A . have read B . read C . have been reading D . am reading
25 . It's foolish to have a taxi ____ you can easily walk to the station .
A . if B . that C . where D . when
26 . Harvard , ____ in 1636 , is one of the most famous universities in the United States .
A . set B . formed C . discovered D . founded
27 . ____ you like to see the movie tonight ? I ____ meet you at the gate of the Student Center .
A . Would , will B . Would , can C . Do , must D . Will , could
28 . There was a ____ change in the weather , and the rain came pouring down .
A . quick B . fast C . slow D . sudden
29 . ― Excuse me , can I use your ruler ?
― ____ .
A . No , you can't B . I'm sorry , but I'm using it C . Yes , you could D . I'm afraid you couldn't
30 . I ____ at the station half an hour ago , but the train ____ yet .
A . arrived , didn't come B . was arriving , hadn't come
C . arrived , hasn't come D . had arriving , didn't come
31 . ― Did you visit many places while you were in the States ?
― Yes , ____ .
A . only a few B . only few C . quite a few D . quite few
32 . ― The manager is away .
― Who is taking ______ of the company ?
A . charge B . place C . part D . position
33 . ― Can he lend me some money ?
― I regret to tell you he is ____ you .
A . not rich as B . no more rich than
C . no richer than D. not richer as
34 . ― My goodness! I just missed my flight .
― That's too bad , but I am sure you ____ it if you ____ .
A . had caught , had hurried B . could have caught , had hurried
C . could catch , would hurry D . could have caught , hurried
35 . The small company I had worked for was closed a few months ago , and I am now still ____ a job .
A . looking at B . looking for C . looking up D . looking after
36 . Tom came back with a message ____ there would be a test soon .
A . when B . which C . as D . that
37 . Emily stopped her car ____ a black cat ____ across the street .
A . to let , run B . letting , run C . to let , running D . letting , running
38 . They tested the new medicine ____ doing experiments ____ rabbits .
A . on , with B . by , for C . in , to D . by , on
39 . Sheila , ____ we had been waiting , finally arrived .
A . who B . whom C . for whom D . for which
40 . He is getting better . ____ is no need to send for a doctor .
A . came he B . he came C . did he come D . he did come
42 . ____ many times , but he still couldn't understand it .
A . Having told B . He had been told
C . Though he had been told D . Having been told
43 . If you drive from the airport , go on the motorway and follow the ____ to the city .
A . points B . signs C . plans D . ways
44 . I don't have any ____ but to do as you tell me .
A . way B . choice C . chance D . means
45 . Did you see that ____ involving two cars and a bicycle ?
A . accident B . incident C . danger D . happening
46 . The writer was always looking for suitable ____ to use in his next story .
A . contents B . articles C . ideas D . objects
47 . I'm sorry , David . It wasn't my ____ to cause a quarrel between you and Joanna .
A . point B . meaning C . intention D . view
48 . His wide ____ of the newspaper world enabled him to make a success of his job as an editor .
A . career B . experiment C . experience D . profession
49 . I am sorry you told him the secret . I wish you ____ him the secret .
A . didn't tell B . wouldn't tell &