中考英语听力测试命题原则与方法

 

黑龙江省绥棱县克音河中学 谷俊明

 

[摘要] 本文阐述了中考英语听力测试命题的原则,并结合实例介绍命题的方法,以期对各省市中考命题起到指导作用。

[关键词] 中考英语;命题;原则;方法

 

听力理解能力应是英语教学的重要内容。听是理解和吸收口头信息的手段,听力理解能力是提高口语表达能力的基础。卡尔?韦弗(CarI Weaver)曾经说过:“听是交际活动的核心”。和读一样,听是感知技能,是对听觉器官接收到的信息的感知,这种感知叫做听觉感知。“听”在英语的“听、说、读、写”四技能中处于最基础的地位。“听”是输入,是人们学习、吸收语言的重要途径,没有输入就没有输出。从第二语言习得规律方面讲,“说”是通过模仿而获得的言语行为,模仿的渠道就是“听”。

听的技能就是通过听获取信息、处理信息,并完成相关任务。听力测试,即对听的技能的评价手段,主要检测考生理解口头英语的能力,对特定情景中的对话或独白的整体输入和理解。对于某些听力试题,考生无法直接从对话或独白中捕捉现成的答案,要求考生经过对所听到的信息进行处理后才能得到正确答案。

 

一、设计听力测试题应遵循的几个原则

1.题型要根据测试目的来确定,主观题型与客观题型相结合。

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2.原文最好是口语材料,要反映交际功能,涉及词汇应是口语涉及的高频词汇。

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3.原文要适合考生的年龄特点和生活实际。

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5.要确保听力题必须通过听作答,通过读题可作答的题没有意义。

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7、不设置语法错误的选项,以免混淆考查重点。

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二、听力测试题型及命题办法

我这里所说的“应答”有两个含义:1. 对所听到的某个情景的陈述做出反应,例1“道歉和应答”“邀请和应答”;2. 对所听到的某一问题而做回答。本题型要求考生理解原文语句的语义及功能。命题时应按照课标中的功能意念项目表选材

 

第二类 听对话

(一)听短对话

短对话可以是一问一答,也可以问题两三个轮次,但不要过长。针对每一段短对话设置一个问题,考查细节信息或考查考生理解谈话双方的身份、关系、态度、意图等。可以设置选择题,也可以设置非选择题。最好由男女声录音,问题由第三个人提出,同时录在磁带上。为降低难度,也可以将问题印制在试卷上。

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1、 听短对话选择正确答案

2、听短对话回答问题

3、听短对话及问题选择正确答案

4、听短对话及问题选择正确图画(如我省中考英语听力第一题)

【例】

原文:    W: (Excuse me, sir.) Where is the nearest bookshop, please?

M: Sorry, I don’t know. (Er…I think you can ask the policeman over there.)

W: Thank you all the same.

(添加括号中的语句更好些,在实际生活交谈时,经常使用零碎语, 如er,mm,hm, ah, well等)

Q: Where does the woman want to go?

书面选项:(选择式)  (文字) A. The book shop.      B. The food shop.   C. The bus shop.

                    (图片) A. 书店     B. 食品商店    C.  公共汽车站

          (非选择式)     _________________. (The nearest bookshop)

(二)听长对话

长对话分为两人对话或多人对话,为方便录音,多采用两人对话。长对话自然是多个问答轮次。设置的问题一般包括谈话人之间的关系、事件、原因、结果、态度、情感、赞同、反对等,可以设置两个或多个题目。

1、听对话选择正确答案(问题在试卷上)     

2、听对话及问题选择正确答案(问题在录音中)

【例】

原文:

W: Are you going to the cinema tonight? I hear there is an American film.

M: I’d like to. I happen to be free this evening. What’s the film about?

W: It’s about “How black people were brought to America from Africa”. I remember the name now. It’s “Roots”.

M: Oh!It’s a world famous story written by William Hadley. I’ve heard about it, but I’ve never read it.

W: My mother has bought two tickets already. Let’s go together.

M: Thank you, then when shall we meet?

W: The film starts at six forty-five. I’11 wait for you at No.3 bus stop at six o’clock. Don’t be late.

M: OK. See you later.

W: See you later.

Questions:

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1. What wiIl the boy and the girl do this evening

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2. When wiIl they meet at the bus stop

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3. Who bought the tickets

   

书面选项:

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1. A. See a film. (比They will see a film.更简洁)

B. Go for a walk.

C. Read a book.

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2. A. At 6:45.

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B: At 6:00. (原文信息词At six.用阿拉伯数字体现转换)

C. At 6:30.

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3. A. The boy.

B. The girl.

C. The girl’s mother.

3、听对话连线(我省中考英语听力B)

【例】

原文:

Ms Liu: What are you doing in Beijing, Tim?

Tim: I’m studying Chinese at Beijing University.

Ms Liu: That’s a good university. Do you think it’s hard?

Tim: A little. I have homework every day, and there are so many tests!

Ms Liu: Well, keep studying, and you’ll get on well with your studies. .

Tim: I’m sure I will.

Ms Liu: By the way, are you parents with you here?

Tim: No, I’m alone here. What do you do for a living, Ms Liu?

Ms Liu: I work in a bank.

Tim: That sounds interesting.

Ms Liu: Sometimes it is, but it’s also hard work. We’re always very busy.

Tim: I know how you feel. So, do you take long vacations?

Ms Liu: Not really. The bank needs us to work all year. Of course, we can take vacations, but only for a few days or a week.

书面题目:

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1. Tim                              A. is working at Beijing University.

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2. Ms Liu                            B. isn’t in Beijing.

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3. Tim’s father                   C. works in a bank.

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4. Tim has                  D. is a student of Beijing University.

                             E. only a little work to do.

                                          F. lots of homework and many tests.

Key:1-4 DCBF

    这种题的缺点是,有的选项靠语法或搭配便可排除。

4、听对话或短文在表格或图表中填入正确的信息(如我省中考英语听力D题)

原文:

A: Hello, who’s that speaking?

B: Hello, this is Mike. May I speak to Mary, please?

A: I’m sorry she is not in. she went to the shop just now.

B: I ’m sorry to hear that.

A: This is Jack speaking. Can I take a message for you?

B: Yes, please. When she comes back, tell her to ring back at about 5:30 this afternoon. I’m waiting for her call. I have bought two tickets for the film this evening. Please tell her not to buy any more.

A: What is your telephone number, please?

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B: My number is 5878320. Thank you for your help.

A: You are welcome. Bye!

B: Goodbye!

试题:

 

TELEPHONE MESSAGE

From: (1)_______        To: _______

Date: March 23          Time: 10:30

Message: (3)_______ (4)_______ to him at about (5)______ in the (6)_______. Don’t buy any more (7)_______. His phone number is (8)_______.

 

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Key: 1. Mike 2. Mary 3. Ring   4. back  

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My name is Li Hua. I’m 25 years old. I live at 128 Qingbin Road, Nangang District in Harbin. My telephone number is 86308321. I like listening to music and reading in my free time. I’m free on Saturdays and Sundays. I graduated from Heilongjiang University. I’m very good at English. I’d like to be an English teacher in a middle school. I’m sure that I can teach English well.

试题:

APPLICATION FORM(申请表)

Job: (1)__________

Name: Li Hua

Age: (2)__________

Address: (3)__________ Qingbin Road, Nangang District in Harbin

Telephone: (4)__________

Interests: (5)__________ and reading

 

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Key: 1. Teacher 2. 25/Twenty-five 3. 128 4. 86308321 5. Music

 

听力试题的原文选材来源于生活,体现生活,和我们日常生活有密切联系,最好能体现中西方文化差异与交融。具体涉及到的有:问路,购物,助人,询问时间,问候,新闻,约会,打电话等功能项目。话题内容为英语课程标准中规定的话题。朗读速度约为每分钟100个单词左右。

 

参考文献

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陈琳,王蔷,程晓堂. 2003. 英语课程标准解读 [M]. 北京:北京师范大学出版社.

教育部. 中考命题指导?英语 [M]. 南京:江苏教育出版社.

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吕良环. 2003. 外语课程与教学论 [M]. 杭州:浙江教育出版社.

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武尊民. 2002. 英语测试的理论与实践 [M]. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社.

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杨钟琳. 1992. 英语测试的原则与方法 [M]. 杭州:杭州大学出版社.

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中国教育学会外语教学专业委员会. 2004. 习思五级评价标准 [M]. 长春:吉林教育出版社.

 

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