宾语从句专项训练
宾语从句：从句为陈述句时引导词为that.
从句为一般疑问时引导词为 if 或 whether.
从句为特殊疑问句时引导词为原引导词。
注：（1）宾语从句中从句用陈述句语序。
（2）当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时或祈使句，从句根据实际情况用各种时态。
（3）当主句为过去时，从句用过去的某种时态。
（4）有时需有人称上的变化。
例句：He said
that he would go to
I want to know if / whether he is a worker.
Can you tell me what she said just now?
Exercises:
用所给的单词将下列句子连成一句。
What is her name? (I don’t know)
Where does Doctor Liu Live? (Do you know)
What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me)
Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)
When did the accident happen? (Please go and find out)
What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know)
Whose box is it on the floor? (I’m not sure)
How much did you pay for the dictionary? (Please tell me)
She is a teacher. (I hear)
Does her aunt live in
Is Mrs. Lee in the classroom? (I asked)
Who will come to join us? (Do you know)
My son is having a cold. (she said)
14. Will it rain again tomorrow? (I don’t know)
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下五种句型结构：
1）连接词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：
Excuse me,could you tell me which is the way to restrooms，please？劳驾，能告诉我去洗手间的路是哪一条？
He doesn't know who lives over there ．他不知道谁住那边
2）连接词＋名词＋谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：
He asked whose bag this was ．他问这是谁的书包。
I wonder how much water there is in the glass．我想知道杯里有多少水
3）连接词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if(一般用于口语) ／whether（与同音词weather;“天气”的拼写区别,写在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：
He couldn’t decide if he would buy them．他不能决定是否将买他们。
Could you tell me how I should come up with the problem ？你能告诉我我该怎样解决这个问题？
4）连接词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：
I don’t know how many books he has？我不知道他有多少本书？
He didn’t understand which book I was looking for．他不明白我在找哪一本书。
5) 连接词+动词不定式(to+V 动词原形)+... 连接词可以是关系代词和关系副词,what, whose. Which,how long,whom ,who …etc.
Eg:I wonder how to use the computer.我期盼怎样使用电脑
II．连接词的使用
1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper．他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。
2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
I don't know if ／whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
但在下列情况下只能用whether：
①在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（if…or not也可以使用）。如：
Let me know whether ／if he will come or not．（＝Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether ／if he does any washing or not．（＝I don't know whether or not he does any washing．）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether wego．我不知道我们是去还是留。
②在介词之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time．我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings．我担心是否伤了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man．他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。
I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train．他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。
④whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：
Whether this is true or not，I can't say．这是否真的我说不上来。
⑤引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question．她是否能来还是个问题。
The question is whether we can catch the bus．问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。
⑥若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book．可理解为：
a．Please let me know whether you like the book．请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。
b．If you like the book，please let me know．你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。
3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？
III．时态的呼应
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：
I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：
①The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
②He asked his father how it happened．他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳转。
IV．综合运用
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：
―Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
―Sorry，I don't know．When he comes back，I'll tell you．对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
―I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。
―He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。
宾语从句练习1
( ) 1 The girls asked
if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( ) 2 Catherine said that she ___ to
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today.
A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
( ) 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth.
A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
2
( ) 1 Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( ) 2 I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( ) 3 I hardly understand.___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 4 She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
( ) 5 I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D.when
( ) 6 Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
( ) 7 He asked me _____told me the accident.
A whom B which C who D whose
3
( ) 1.They don't know ______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( ) 2.Please tell me ______what last year.
A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
( ) 3.She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( ) 4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 5 Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
( ) 6 Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave
初中英语宾语从句专项训练
1．I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you.
A. if; Whether B. whether;
Whether C. if; That
D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C.
whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend
C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking
D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
II. 按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in
→Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________
living in
2. “Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
→He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help.
3. Jim is not a student．Tom is not a student，either.（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________ Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know _________ the train _________.
5. They went home after they had finished their homework.（用not．．．until改写）
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework.
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
宾语从句专项训练参考答案：
I. 1―5DDDCD 6―10ADDBD
II.
1. if／whether; enjoys 2. if／whether; needed 3. Neither; nor
4. when; leaves 5. didn't; until 6. whether; came