2009年高考书面表达分析指导(二)

 

第二篇 列要点

列要点是英语写作中一个重要而不可忽视的环节。实践中,不少学生因嫌麻烦,往往省去这一环节,结果不是遗漏了要点,就是要点重复,以致影响了得分。这是非常可惜的。

高考书面表达的评分标准中,“要点是否齐全”是重要的评分依据之一。现以一篇看图作文为例分析如下:

例3:下面图画描述的是你的一段亲身经历,请据此为一家中学生英文报的故事专栏写一篇100词左右的短文。

生词帮助:十字路口crossroads;违章者 offender

解题步骤:

1. 审题:这是一则记事性记叙文。

2. 内容要点:

(1) 哥哥骑车带我去电影院;

(2) 在十字路口被两人拦住,其中一个说道“终于等到你们了”;

(3) 他们半小时以前因骑车带人受罚;

(4) 警察罚他们抓住下一个违章带人者;

(5) 于是我们照样被罚继续抓违章者。

3. 陈述要点的重点词汇和短语:

(1) ride one bike, go to the cinema, ride a bike, sit on the back of the bike

(2) come/ get to the crossroads, be stopped by, wait for you for a long time

(3) be stopped by a policeman, half an hour before, as offenders

(4) make them catch the next offender

(5) have to do as they do

4. 要点扩充成句:组织材料,筛选词语,选定句型,时态使用以过去时为主。

(1) My brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema./ My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.

(2) We got to the crossroads. A young man and a young lady stopped us. The lady said,“We have waited for you for a long time.”

(3) They told us that they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders.

(4) The policeman made them catch the next offender.

(5) We had to do as they had done.

5. 写初稿:加上关联词和过渡句组成短文。

The other day my brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema. (My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.) As we came to the crossroads, a young man and a lady came up and stopped us. The lady said,“We have waited for you for a long time.”

They told us they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders. So the policeman made them catch the next offender. They said to us happily,“It’s your turn to find the next offender.” We had to do as they had done. What a good lesson to us!

6. 修改定稿。

列要点时,我们应注意以下三点:

(1) 重视每一个要点,不要故意遗漏要点

实践中,由于某些词不会写、某些句型不会用、某些结构不会表达,有些同学便自作聪明地故意遗漏要点,这种做法显然是不明智的,因为遗漏要点扣的分远比错一个词扣的分多。正确的做法是:对于不会表达的难点,设法找个同义词代替或找个相似句型代替,即使不能百分之百地表达原义,表达百分之八十哪怕百分之五十也可以,总比故意遗漏要点而白白丢分要好很多。

(2) 分清主次,不要眉毛胡子一把抓

一般来说,对于要点式的题型,同学们不会有什么问题,但若遇到图表类的题型,则可能麻烦一些,因为它需要同学们根据图表信息自己归纳要点。虽说遗漏要点导致文章内容不完整会扣分,但并不是说图表中的所有内容都要表达出来。此时同学们一定要认真审题,分清哪些是写作的主要内容,哪些是次要内容,不要眉毛胡子―把抓。原则上说,只要抓住图表所显示的主要内容,同时能做到文理通顺、自圆其说,一般不会得低分。

(3) 抓直接要点,但也不要忽视常识性要点

具体写作时,对卷面上的直接要点考生一般不会忽略,但试题中隐含的间接要点(尤其是一些常识性要点)则往往容易忽略。应该知道,试题中的某些常识性要点既是重要内容,又起着承上启下的作用,对增强文章的可读性很有好处。同学们在平时的复习中可将常见的常识性要点进行分类,实际写作时有针对性地选择使用,如写通知、书信、参观欢迎词时的开头语和结束语。有的应用文还需要固定的格式,如日记开头常交待时间和天气;信件要包括信头、信内地址、称呼、正文和结束语,还要有谦称和签名。同学们写作时,应有意识地去使用这些格式要点,确保要点无一遗漏,从而“覆盖所有内容要点”,取得最高档次的得分。