2009年高考单项填空分析指导（一）

高考试题的命题者在命题时，往往会使用一些技巧，或者说设置一些陷阱，以增加单选题的难度。如果同学们对这些技巧有所了解，就可破解所设陷阱，提高单选题的得分率。

技巧一：改变句型

通过改变原有句子的句型结构来增加单选题的难度，这大概是命题者用得最多的一种手段。解答这类试题，可采用“还原法”，即将改变后的句子还原为正常语序的句子。这种手段主要有：

1、改为一般疑问句

例：Was it during the Second World War _____ he died?

A. that       B. while       C. in which         D. then

该题考查强调句型，若题干部分命制为“It was during the Second World War _____ he died.”，答案很容易就可选出；而使用一般疑问句，增加了该题的难度。答案为A。

2、改为特殊疑问句

例1：

― Who is making so much noise in the garden?

― _____ the children.

A. There are       B. They are         C. That is        D. It is

本题考查强调句型，若直接使用陈述句“_____ the children that / who are making so much noise in the garden.”，则没有多大难度。此处使用特殊疑问句，且为对话形式，结合了省略句（省略了that are making so much noise in the garden）的考查，答案更具隐蔽性。答案为D。

例2：

If you can’t go to the meeting yourself, who would you rather _____ instead ?

A. have go      B. to have gone      C. have to go      D. have gone

该题考查have sb. do sth.结构，若使用陈述句则题干为：If I can’t go to the meeting myself, I would rather have Peter go (to it) instead.，这样本题无法设空；而通过使用特殊疑问句，巧妙地将宾语前移，不但解决了设空难题，也使得干扰项的设置更加容易，且具有较强的干扰性。答案为A。

3、改为被动语态

例1：

Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _____ their homes.

A. leaving    B. to leave     C. to be left      D. being left

该题若采用主动语态考查，考生就能轻易识别 force sb. to do sth.结构，而改为被动结构后，就增加了识别的难度，答案为B。

例2：

In our childhood, we were often _____ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.

A. demanded  B. reminded    C. allowed       D. hoped

该题主要考查动词辨析，若使用主动结构“In our childhood, Grandma often _____ us to pay attention to our table manners.”，这样，考生就可以根据这里的句型结构(动词+ sb. to do sth.) 迅速将demand和hope予以排除，这两个干扰项就很难起到干扰作用。而使用被动结构，对于那些不能识别上述句型的考生来说，A和D仍然具有一定的干扰作用。答案为B。

4、改为强调句型

例：When I try to find _____ that prevents so many people from taking part in the programme, it seems to me that there are two main causes.

A. why it does       B. what it does        C. what it is          D. why it is

该题主要考查名词性从句，但结合了强调句型，增加了难度。若不使用强调句，则题干为：When I try to find _____ prevents so many people from taking part in the programme, it seems to me that there are two main causes.，这样则较难设计干扰项，且试题显得过于容易。答案为C。

5、借助于从句

例1：

Students are always interested in finding out _____ they can go with a new teacher.

A. how far        B. how soon     C. how often        D. how long

该题考查易混词组的辨析。go too far (with sb./sth.) “走得太远”，意即“做得太过分”。通过使用宾语从句，该结构被拆开了，增加了识别选项的难度。答案为A。

例2：

Cars do cause us some health problems ―in fact far more serious _____ than mobile phones do.   

A. one       B. ones       C. it          D. those

该题考查替代，ones替代problems，但借助于than引导的比较状语从句以适当增加难度，答案为B。由于有修饰语serious，故不能使用those。

6、使用其他非常规结构

例1：

The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit _____ the season.

A. whatever        B. wherever        C. whenever        D. however

本题使用非常规结构whatever the season，相当于whatever season it is；若用常规结构，题目的难度就小得多。答案为A。

例2：

― What do you think made Mary so upset?

― _____ her new bicycle.

A. As she lost      B. Lost       C. Losing          D. Because of losing

该题考查非谓语动词作主语的用法，但将其置于交际用语中，较好地结合了省略的考查。答语实质上为“Losing her new bicycle (made Mary so upset).”。答案为C。

技巧二：分离或支解固定结构

在考查固定结构或搭配时，若直接考查，可能会因为缺乏难度而没有区分度。于是，命题者通过调整句型，使被考查的固定结构处于分离状态，从而增加了理解上的难度。此时，考生应注意理顺句子结构，弄清题意。

例1：The greater efforts you _____, the sooner you will succeed.

A. do     B. make     C. offer      D. try

该题考查make efforts这一词组，若直接考查则过于简单，而借助于“the +比较级… the+比较级”，就可使其难度增加。答案为B。

例2：In my opinion, it is the best use that could be _____ of the money.

A. turned  B. turned out   C. spent     D. made

该题考查固定词组make use of，因use为先行词，故该词组被肢解，关系代词that替代先行词在句中作主语，答案为D。

技巧三：添加枝节成分

通过在题干句子上添加一些枝节成分，使句子结构复杂化，也是增加试题难度的手段之一。对于此类试题，可采用“消肿法”删除所添加的枝节成分，从而使句子结构简单化、使题意更加明确化。

例1: _____ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.

A. It       B. This     C. What         D. As

本题通过添加she told me这一插入语，增加了识别和理解句型结构的难度。若将其去掉，题干就成为：______ was most important to her was her family. 这样试题的难度就小多了，大家不难识别此处为主语从句，填入的引导词同时在从句中充当句子主语，故选C。

例2：

At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _____ down to eat our picnic lunch.

A. sitting        B. having sat       C. to sit          D. sat

本题考查动词形式的选用，此处为and连接两个并列的谓语动词，但由于found后接的成分比较长，加大了考生识别句子结构的难度。答案为D。

例3：

I bought an English dictionary in that bookstore last month, _____ I have lent to your sister.

A. when        B. where        C. who           D. which

该题考查定语从句引导词的选用，由于在定语从句与先行词之间添加了in that bookstore和last month，使得选项A和B具有极强的干扰作用；而your sister位于句尾，根据心理学原理，句首或句尾的信息更易引起读者的重视，从而也最具干扰性，故C也有一定干扰作用。而事实上，本句的先行词为 an English dictionary，关系代词which替代先行词，在定语从句中作lent的宾语，答案为D。

例4：

Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools for poor children.

A. set up       B. setting up       C. have set up        D. having set up

该题考查devote…to结构，由于宾语all后添加了he had这一定语从句，易使考生误认为是have to结构，从而增加了试题的难度。答案为B。