Most of us are used to seasons. Each year, spring follows winter, which follows autumn, which follows summer, which follows spring. And winter is colder than summer. But the earth goes through temperature cycles over much longer periods than those that we experience. Between 65,000 and 35,000 years ago, the planet was much colder than it is now. During that time the temperature also changed a lot, with periods of warming and cooling. Ice melted during the warm periods, which made sea levels rise. Water froze again during the cold periods.
A new study from Switzerland, sheds light on where ice sheets melted during the ice age. It now seems that the ice melted at both ends of the earth, rather than just in either northern or southern regions.
This surprised the researchers from the University of Bern. Scientists have long assumed that most of the ice that melted was in the Northern hemisphere(半球) during the 30,000-year long ice age. That belief was held because the North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. It is easier for ice sheets to grow on land. If surrounded by sea the ice can easily just slip into the ocean instead of building up.
The researchers used a computer model to look at ways the ice could melt and how it might affect sea levels. They compared these results to evidence of how temperatures and currents actually changed during that time. The model showed that if it was only in the Northern hemisphere that ice melted, there would have been a bigger impact(影响) on ocean currents(洋流) and sea temperatures than what actually happened. Studies suggest that melting just in the Southern hemisphere would have been impossible, too. The only reasonable conclusion, the scientists could make, was that ice melted equally in the North and the South.
It is still a mystery as to what caused the temperature changes that caused the ice to melt.

1.
The North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. So scientists thought that ________.
1. A.
  most of the ice melted in the Northern hemisphere
2. B.
  most of the ice melted in the Southern hemisphere
3. C.
  The North Pole is colder than South Pole
4. D.
  The South Pole is colder than North Pole
2.
We can infer from the passage ________.
1. A.
  the ice can easily just slip into the ocean
2. B.
  volcanoes caused the ice to melt
3. C.
  melting just in the Northern hemisphere would have been impossible
4. D.
  researchers often use the computer models help their research work.
3.
The scientists are not sure ________.
1. A.
  how long the ice age lasted
2. B.
  where ice sheets melted during the ice age
3. C.
  what caused the temperature changes
4. D.
  what the earth is made up of
4.
Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
1. A.
  A computer model
2. B.
  Studies show ice melted equally in the North and the South during the ice age
3. C.
  Most of the ice melted in the Northern hemisphere during the 30,000-year long ice age.
4. D.
  A survey result

MONTREAL (Reuters) – Crossing the US-Canada border（边界）to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen ＄10,000 for breaking Washington’s strict new security（安全）rules.
The expensive trip to church was a surprise for Richard Albert, who lives right on the Canadian border. Like the other half-dozen people of Township 15, crossing the border is a daily occurrence for Albert. The nearby Quebec village of St. Pamphile is where they shop, eat and go to church.
There are many such situations in these areas along the largely unguarded 5,530-mile border between Canada and the US-which in some cases actually runs down the middle of streets or through buildings.
As a result, Albert says he did not expect any problems three weeks ago when he returned home to the US after attending church in Canada, as usual. The US customs（海关）station in this area is closed on Sundays, so be just drove around the locked gate, as he had done every weekend since the gate appeared last May, following a tightening of border security. Two days later. Albert was told to go to the customs office, where an officer told him be had been caught on carnera crossing the border illegally（非法）.
Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. That forces the people to a 200-mile detour along hilly roads to get home through another border checkpoint.
Albert has requested that the customs office change their decisions on the fine, but he has not attended a Sunday church since. “I feel like I’m living in a prison,” he said

1.
We learn from the text that Richard Albert is
1. A.
  an American living in Township 15
2. B.
  a Canadian living in a Quebec village
3. C.
  a Canadian working in a customs station
4. D.
  an American working in a Canadian church
2.
Albert was fined because he
1. A.
  failed to obey traffic rules
2. B.
  broke the American security rules
3. C.
  worked in St. Pamphile without a pass
4. D.
  damaged the gate of the customs office
3.
The underlined word “detour” in paragraph 5 means
1. A.
  a drive through the town
2. B.
  a race across the fields
3. C.
  a roundabout way of travelling
4. D.
  a journey in the mountain area
4.
What would be the best title for the text?
1. A.
  A Cross-country Trip
2. B.
  A Special Border Pass
3. C.
  An Unguarded Border
4. D.
  An Expensive Church Visit

IS THERE LIFE ON EARTH
There was great excitement on the planet of Venus(金星) this week. For the first time Venusian scientists managed to land a satellite on the planet Earth, and it has been sending back signals as well as photographs ever since.
The satellite was directed into an area known as Manhattan (named after the great Venusian astronomer Prof. Manhattan, who first discovered it with his telescope 20 000 light years ago).Because of excellent weather conditions and extremely strong signals, Venusian scientists were able to get valuable information as to feasibility(可行性) of a manned flying saucer(飞碟) landing on Earth.A press conference was held at the Venus Institute of Technology.
“We have come to the conclusion,based on last week's satellite landing,” Pro. Zog said,“that there is no life on the Earth.”
“How do you know this?” the science reporter of the Venus Evening Star asked.
“For one thing, Earth's surface in the area of Manhattan is composed of solid concrete(混凝土)and nothing can grow there. For another, the atmosphere is filled with carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) and other deadly gases and nobody could possibly breathe this air and survive.”
“What does this mean as far as our flying saucer program is concerned?”
“We shall have to take our own oxygen with us, which means a much heavier flying saucer than we originally planned. ”
“Are there any other hazards that you discovered in your studies?”
“Take a look at this photo. You see this dark cloud floating over the surface of Earth? We call this the Consolidated Edison Belt. We don't know what it is made of, but it could give us a lot of trouble and we shall have to make further tests before we send a Venus Being there.”
“If what you say is true, won't this set back the flying saucer program several years?”
“Yes, but we shall proceed as soon as the Grubstart gives us the added funds.”
“Prof. Zog, why are we spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer on Earth when there is no life there?”
“Because if we Venusians can learn to breathe in an Earth atmosphere, then we can live anywhere.”

1.
During the week of great excitement the Venusian scientists succeeded in getting important information on whether they can_______
1. A.
  land a satellite with Venus astronauts on Earth
2. B.
  make a firstrate flying saucer
3. C.
  get a Earth Being to Venus
4. D.
  direct a flying saucer into Manhattan
2.
According to Prof.Zog,the Venusians will have to take their own oxygen with them when they carry out their flying saucer program because_______.
1. A.
  they need it on their way to the planet of Earth
2. B.
  the Earth's atmosphere is filled with deadly gases
3. C.
  oxygen is far from enough in the area of Manhattan where the saucer is to land
4. D.
  there is no air on the planet of Earth
3.
The “dark black cloud” on the photograph refers to_______.
1. A.
  the polluted air floating over the surface of Earth
2. B.
  the mass of tiny drops of water floating above Earth
3. C.
  the things that are unknown to everybody
4. D.
  the dark clouds gathering before a storm breaks
4.
The author wishes to call our attention to the fact_______.
1. A.
  that modern man has polluted his environment to such an extent that he might destroy himself if he went on like this
2. B.
  that there is no point in spending billions and billions of zilches to land a flying saucer on Earth
3. C.
  that pollution has become so serious a problem on Earth that even Venusians find life there unbearable
4. D.
  that it is difficult, if not altogether impossible, to land a manned flying saucer on Earth

After an extra day in space,the crew of Discovery returned to Earth,landing at Edwards Air Force Base in California early on Tuesday morning.The shuttle and its crew spent two weeks in space,most of it aboard the International Space Station.It was the first flight of NASA's space?shuttle fleet since February 2003,when the shuttle Columbia came apart while re?entering Earth's atmosphere.?
NASA officials delayed Discovery's return for one day because of cloudy weather in Florida,where the shuttle was supposed to lanD. On Tuesday morning,mission controllers ?directed? Discovery to a landing site in California,where the skies were clear.The crew members will have to wait until Wednesday to see their families when they all meet together in Houston at the Johnson Space Center.?
Discovery had a very busy mission in space,compared to past missions.The space shuttle docked with the International Space Station most of the journey,delivering badly needed ?supplies? and repairing damaged parts.The crew spent a lot of time testing new repair techniques on their own shuttle,conducting three different spacewalks(where astronauts exit the space shuttle to do work outside).On the third spacewalk,astronaut Steve Robinson went underneath the shuttle to remove material sticking out from between the spacecraft's ?protective? tiles.?
There were concerns in the last remaining days of Discovery's mission that a torn heat blanket—another shield against overheating in the space shuttle—may pose a problem to crew members. NASA officials and technicians worked on ways that the crew could fix the problem, but later decided it was not a risk.?
With the shuttle and its crew safely back on firm ground, NASA is hailing this mission, labeled STS?114,as a huge success. “I hope this shows people that we're coming back,” NASA spaceflight chief Bill Readdy said after Discovery's successful landing. “We've got some more work to do. We know what we need to do and we'll do it.?

1.
Which of the following isn't included in the jobs of the shuttle Discovery?
1. A.
  Delivering supplies to the International Space Station.?
2. B.
  Conducting different spacewalks.?
3. C.
  Testing new repair techniques.?
4. D.
  Finding the cause why the shuttle Columbia came apart.?
2.
But for the cloudy weather, the shuttle Discovery would have landed_______.
1. A.
  in Florida a day earlier
2. B.
  in Florida a day later?
3. C.
  in California a day earlier
4. D.
  in California a day later?
3.
Which is the most probable period of time that Discovery was aboard the International Space Station?
1. A.
  Six days.
2. B.
  Two weeks.?
3. C.
  Nine days.
4. D.
  Two weeks and an extra day.?
4.
What's the best title for the passage?
1. A.
  Another Huge Success of Discovery
2. B.
  Welcome Back, Discovery?
3. C.
  Discovery and International Space Station
4. D.
  Discovery Survives a Risk

China has become Volvo's third largest market, with more of its car models to go on sale in the world's largest auto（汽车） market this year, Chief Executive Office (CEO) of Volvo Cars China said in Tianjin.
Alexander Klose, CEO of Volvo Cars China, told Xinhua at the Ninth Tianjin International Automobile Trade Show, being held from Friday to Wednesday.
Klose said Volvo Cars had entered a new time of fast development, adding that its sales volume in China roared in 2010.
Up to the end of September, Volvo's global sales volume was up 12.5 percent year on year（同年比）, compared with 52 percent year-on-year rise in China, he said.
Two new Volvo sales centers opened in Beijing within merely one week in early October, about two months after east China's ZhejiangGeely Holding Group Co acquired（购得）the Swedish brand from the US auto giant Ford for $1.5 billion in early August.
Klose said he was confident of seeing tremendous(巨大的) growth in China's auto market in the next five years. "As the Chinese government has increased the tax rate for large displacement （排量）cars already, we now have a lot of cars below three liters（升）, and I think we'll stick to that strategy, as you can see now the XC60 which was introduced today is just two liters," he said.
"As the technology advances, we'll probably even see 1.6 liter engines or 1.5 liter engines in the future," he added.
Volvo Cars is not the only automaker hoping to take advantage of China's rapidly growing auto market.
Bentley, the famous British luxury（豪华） carmaker, will open a new sales center in China at Tianjin Thursday, which is the 11th one in China, according to a press release（新闻发布） by Shanghai-based Zenith Integrated Communications Corp (Zenith) Saturday at the auto show.
Zenth is the public relations agent of Bentley in China. The automaker has sold 421 limousines（大型豪华轿车） to China in 2009, and the goal for 2010 is 777, the release said.

1.
The word underlined in the third paragraph would probably be___.
1. A.
  shouted loudly
2. B.
  increased in large numbers
3. C.
  reduced rapidly
4. D.
  burned brightly
2.
From this passage we can infer that ___.
1. A.
  The Ninth Tianjin International Automobile Trade Show was held from Friday to Wednesday.
2. B.
  Volvo Cars is a world-famous carmaker in Britain.
3. C.
  Of all the auto sales volume Volvo sales volume is only number one in China
4. D.
  Volvo sales centers are developing very fast in China recently
3.
The text is mainly about____.
1. A.
  China Becomes Volvo's 3rd largest market
2. B.
  Volvo Cars in China
3. C.
  Volvo Sales Volume in China
4. D.
  Carmakers in China
4.
How many carmakers are mentioned in this passage which opened and will open new sales centers in China recently?
1. A.
  One
2. B.
  Two
3. C.
  Three
4. D.
  Four

Japanese students work very hard but many are very unhappy. They feel great pressure from their parents to do well in school and in college. Most students are always being told by their parents to study harder so that they can have successful future. Although this may be good advice for those who are very bright, it can have very bad results for many students who are not quick enough at learning.
Unfortunately, a number of students actually kill themselves. Others are after comfort in using drugs. Some students, however, do bad things with groups of bad people and turn to crime. Many of them have tried very hard at school but, in spite of all their tries, have failed in certain examinations and have disappointed their parents. Such students feel that they are less important than everyone else they meet and leave school before they finish their study.
It is surprising that although most Japanese parents are anxious for their children to do well at school, they do not help them in any way. Many parents feel that they are unable to help their children with their lessons and that it is the teachers’ job to help their children.
To make matter worse, a lot of parents send their children to special schools called juku-cram schools. These schools are open during the evenings and on weekends, and their only purpose is to prepare students to pass exams; they do not try to educate students in any real sense of the world. Thus comes a shock to realize that almost three quarters of the junior high school students attend these cram schools.
Ordinary Japanese schools usually have rules about everything from the length of students’ hair to their clothes and things in their school bags. Child psychologists now think that such strict rules often lead to a feeling of being unsafe and being unable to fit into society. They believe that no sense of moral(道德) values is developed and that students are given neither guidance nor training in becoming good citizens.

1.
Many Japanese students are unhappy at school because .
1. A.
  the school work is too much
2. B.
  their teachers are too strict with them
3. C.
  their parents put much pressure on them
4. D.
  they can’t get on well with their friends
2.
How many unexpected things will some of Japanese students do when they are not doing well in their studies?
1. A.
  Two
2. B.
  Four
3. C.
  Six
4. D.
  Eight
3.
What’s some experts’ opinion about Japanese school rules?
1. A.
  They are a set of effective rules.
2. B.
  They can help the students to be useful persons.
3. C.
  They are bad for the development of each student.
4. D.
  They stress the importance of sense of moral values.
4.
According to the third paragraph, who have not tried their best?
1. A.
  The schools.
2. B.
  The students.
3. C.
  The teachers.
4. D.
  The parents.
5.
choose the best title for this passage:
1. A.
  Poor students in Japan
2. B.
  poor students in campus in Japan
3. C.
  wrong educational system in Japan
  D How to develop a student

Okuma's Wu-Long Is the World's #1 Weight-Loss Solution...
How would you like to drink away pounds of stubborn bodyfat and inches from your waistline（腰围）within 30 short days?
Yes, that's right. Drink away pounds of good-for-nothing bodyfat and inches from your waistline within one month!
Sound too good to be true? Well, hard as it may be to believe, it absolutely is true! And we'd like to prove it to you at our risk, not yours.
Here's the deal. Legitimate(合法的)scientific research, published in the world's leading academic journals, is now showing that an extraordinarily rare Wu-Long tea produced at Mt. Wu Yi Shan in China's Fujian Province may carry remarkable slimming（减肥的）and health benefits... so much so that Chinese scientists are calling it, "The world's most powerful fat burner."
Our brand of this, rich tea is called Okuma's Wu-Long (TM), and 37 scientific studies published within the last several months alone show it helps melt away bodyfat; increase energy; and even clarify skin, giving your face a clear, shining glow. More about these scientific benefits in a moment. But first, to express to you just how certain we are Wu-Long will help you, we're giving you a special limited-time offer.
We are so confident Okuma's Wu-Long will help give you the leaner, healthier, body you desire that we're putting our money where our mouth is. We're giving you a zero-risk "test drive" to judge for yourself just how powerful Okuma's Wu-Long really is.
If after using Okuma's Wu-Long you haven't melted away pounds of bodyfat and achieved a more slender（苗条的）waistline, simply return your order within 30 days from the date Wu-Long was delivered to your address to receive a full refund（退款） of your product buy price...no trouble, no hard feelings.
New Special Limited-Time Offers:
Buy 3, Get 1 Free
(You save $37.00)

1.
The passage is aimed to ____________.
1. A.
  telling people some information about Wu-Long tea.
2. B.
  proving to people that Okuma's Wu-Long Is the World's #1 Weight-Loss Solution.
3. C.
  persuading fat people to buy Wu-Long tea.
4. D.
  informing people that Wu-Long tea is on sale.
2.
The underlined sentence “we're putting our money where our mouth is” probably means______.
1. A.
  We put our money inside the pocket.
2. B.
  We’ll give your money back if you are not satisfied
3. C.
  You can order anytime.
4. D.
  If you send us small money, we’ll give you another
3.
Which of the following is not the function of Okuma's Wu-Long?
1. A.
  curing skin illnesses
2. B.
  increasing energy and intellidence
3. C.
  melting away needless bodyfat.
4. D.
  making your waistline slender and attractive.
4.
The passage is probably taken from________.
1. A.
  a newspaper
2. B.
  a magazine
3. C.
  a journal
4. D.
  a biology book
5.
If you want to get 4 boxes of Wu-Long tea, you should pay______.
1. A.
  185$
2. B.
  222$
3. C.
  148$
4. D.
  111$

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory really is learning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.
Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a “memory trace（记忆痕）.” What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.
Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out how a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Give the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.
One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

1.
We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that ___________ .
1. A.
  bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark
2. B.
  it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of
3. C.
  chemical substances carry certain memories
4. D.
  memory is stored in the brain as a substance
2.
The way to pick out the items on the first list from the second is known as ________ .
1. A.
  recognition
2. B.
  recall
3. C.
  memorization
4. D.
  relearning
3.
What is considered as a measure of how much one has remembered?
1. A.
  The length of the list.
2. B.
  The type of list items.
3. C.
  The time difference of relearning.
4. D.
  The time difference of brain working.
4.
A good way to train an animal to do something quickly is to ________.
1. A.
  make the action easy
2. B.
  praise it in words
3. C.
  reward it with food
4. D.
  weaken its motivation

How often do you use your car? Can you use your car less often? Do you know the following facts in the UK?
? About 50% of all car journeys are just for fun.
? Over 80% people go to work by car.
? 25% car journeys are under two miles.
? 70% car journeys are under five miles.
WALKING & CYCLING
Instead of using the car for short journeys, why not walk or ride a bicycle? Walking is a most popular form of exercise—it’s healthy and it can save you money. If you work nearby, try walking or cycling instead of driving.
BUSES
Bus companies are using new buses: some run on new fuels which produce less pollution; some have easier access for disabled and old people. There are special traffic lanes (行车道) to make bus journeys easier and more reliable. So do something to help solve the pollution problem—let the bus take you to work and your children to school.
TRAINS
All car journeys, long or short, can be hard work. For some trips it is wiser to take the train. Leave your car at home and walk, cycle or take a bus to and from the station. Train travel is fast, safe and comfortable. Train tickets are not always expensive; some are quite cheap at discount.

1.
How many of car journeys are just for fun in the UK?
1. A.
  25%.
2. B.
  About 50%
3. C.
  70%。
4. D.
  Over 80%.
2.
The writer believes that ________ can give children valuable road experience.
1. A.
  walking to school
2. B.
  travelling by train
3. C.
  taking new fuel buses
4. D.
  having car journeys for fun
3.
What is the main purpose of this passage?
1. A.
  To teach people how to use the buses.
2. B.
  To encourage people to travel by train.
3. C.
  To advise people to use cars less often.
4. D.
  To tell people to obey traffic rules.

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The North Pole is surrounded by land, while the South Pole is surrounded by the Antarctic Ocean. So scientists thought that ________.

We can infer from the passage ________.

The scientists are not sure ________.

Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

We learn from the text that Richard Albert is

Albert was fined because he

The underlined word “detour” in paragraph 5 means

What would be the best title for the text?

During the week of great excitement the Venusian scientists succeeded in getting important information on whether they can_______

According to Prof.Zog,the Venusians will have to take their own oxygen with them when they carry out their flying saucer program because_______.

The “dark black cloud” on the photograph refers to_______.

The author wishes to call our attention to the fact_______.

Which of the following isn't included in the jobs of the shuttle Discovery?

But for the cloudy weather, the shuttle Discovery would have landed_______.

Which is the most probable period of time that Discovery was aboard the International Space Station?

What's the best title for the passage?

The word underlined in the third paragraph would probably be___.

From this passage we can infer that ___.

The text is mainly about____.

How many carmakers are mentioned in this passage which opened and will open new sales centers in China recently?

Many Japanese students are unhappy at school because .

How many unexpected things will some of Japanese students do when they are not doing well in their studies?

What’s some experts’ opinion about Japanese school rules?

According to the third paragraph, who have not tried their best?

choose the best title for this passage:

The passage is aimed to ____________.

The underlined sentence “we're putting our money where our mouth is” probably means______.

Which of the following is not the function of Okuma's Wu-Long?

The passage is probably taken from________.

If you want to get 4 boxes of Wu-Long tea, you should pay______.

We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that ___________ .

The way to pick out the items on the first list from the second is known as ________ .

What is considered as a measure of how much one has remembered?

A good way to train an animal to do something quickly is to ________.

How many of car journeys are just for fun in the UK?

The writer believes that ________ can give children valuable road experience.

What is the main purpose of this passage?

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