Pacing and Pausing
Sara tried to befriend her old friend Steve's new wife, but Betty never seemed to have anything to say. While Sara felt Betty didn't hold up her end of the conversation, Betty complained to Steve that Sara never gave her a chance to talk. The problem had to do with expectations about pacing and pausing.
Conversation is a turn-taking game. When our habits are similar, there's no problem. But if our habits are different, you may start to talk before I'm finished or fail to take your turn when I'm finished. That's what was happening with Betty and Sara.
It may not be coincidental that Betty, who expected relatively longer pauses between turns, is British, and Sara, who expected relatively shorter pauses, is American. Betty often felt interrupted by Sara. But Betty herself became an interrupter and found herself doing most of the talking when she met a visitor from Finland. And Sara had a hard time cutting in on some speakers from Latin America or Israel.
The general phenomenon, then, is that the small conversation techniques, like pacing and pausing, lead people to draw conclusions not about conversational style but about personality and abilities. These habitual differences are often the basis for dangerous stereotyping (思维定式). And these social phenomena can have very personal consequences. For example, a woman from the southwestern part of the US went to live in an eastern city to take up a job in personnel. When the Personnel Department got together for meetings, she kept searching for the right time to break in --- and never found it. Although back home she was considered outgoing and confident, in Washington she was viewed as shy and retiring. When she was evaluated at the end of the year, she was told to take a training course because of her inability to speak up.
That's why slight differences in conversational style --- tiny little things like microseconds of pause --- can have a great effect on one's life. The result in this case was a judgment of psychological problems --- even in the mind of the woman herself, who really wondered what was wrong with her and registered for assertiveness training.

1.
What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?
1. A.
  Betty was talkative.
2. B.
  Betty was an interrupter.
3. C.
  Betty did not take her turn.
4. D.
  Betty paid no attention to Sara.
2.
According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?
1. A.
  Americans.
2. B.
  Israelis.
3. C.
  The British.
4. D.
  The Finns.
3.
We can learn from the passage that ______.
1. A.
  communication breakdown results from short pauses and fast pacing
2. B.
  women are unfavorably stereotyped in eastern cities of the US
3. C.
  one's inability to speak up is culturally determined sometimes
4. D.
  one should receive training to build up one's confidence
4.
The underlined word "assertiveness" in the last paragraph probably means ______.
1. A.
  being willing to speak one's mind
2. B.
  being able to increase one's power
3. C.
  being ready to make one's own judgment
4. D.
  being quick to express one's ideas confidently

The Cost of Higher Education
Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.
A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers' money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.
If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.
Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.

1.
The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.
1. A.
  taxpayers
2. B.
  pressing calls
3. C.
  college graduates
4. D.
  government resources
2.
The author thinks that with full government funding ______.
1. A.
  teachers are less satisfied
2. B.
  students are more demanding
3. C.
  students will become more competent
4. D.
  teachers will spend less time on teaching
3.
The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to ______.
1. A.
  argue against free university education
2. B.
  call on them to finance students' studies
3. C.
  encourage graduates to go into business
4. D.
  show their contribution to higher education

A traveler was passing through a desert on a hot day. He was tired, feeling thirsty and hungry. At least, he needed a shady spot to rest for a while. A big leafy tree came into view at some distance away. He felt glad and said to himself, “Had I water to drink, now.” Yes, he found a glass full of cold water on the ground right in front of him. Then, he wished, “Had I something to eat right here.” Immediately, a variety of dishes appeared before him. He was under the shade of Kalpa-Vriksha — a magical tree. Whoever was under it would have whatever he wished for!
The traveler enjoyed the delicious food. He felt drowsy. He wished for a nice bed. It was granted. He stretched himself comfortably on the soft mattress. He hoped that someone would massage (按摩) his feet. Yes, a young lady appeared. She started massaging his feet and legs.
He now started thinking differently. “How can things happen like this? Is it some kind of a trick played by a magical demon (魔鬼)?” he doubted. Oh, a true demon appeared in place of the nice lady! Within no time the demon started leaping at him, with his mouth wide open. The frightened traveler took to his heels and ran away.

1.
What will happen if you sit under the magical tree?
1. A.
  You will get what you want.
2. B.
  You will marry a young girl.
3. C.
  You will meet a demon.
4. D.
  You will get rid of all your trouble.
2.
The underlined word “drowsy” in the second paragraph means “_______”.
1. A.
  hungry
2. B.
  sleepy
3. C.
  thirsty
4. D.
  cold
3.
How many wishes did the traveler make?
1. A.
  3
2. B.
  4
3. C.
  5
4. D.
  6.

How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening the patient’s body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs.
What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient’s body.
Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body, X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.
A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional（横截面）view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can “stop the action”, giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.
Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays.
CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives

1.
What is NOT true of a CAT scan?
1. A.
  It is safer than regular X rays
2. B.
  It makes use of computer techniques
3. C.
  It can stop the action of an organ for a short time
4. D.
  It gives clear pictures of active, moving body parts
2.
The underlined words “a foreign object”（Para 3）most probably refer to
1. A.
  a badly injured part inside the body
2. B.
  a new thing that is unknown to the doctor
3. C.
  a strange organ that has grown in the body
4. D.
  an object that gets inside the body by chance
3.
What is the special use of the latest CAT scanners?
1. A.
  It provides clear photos of moving organs
2. B.
  It can take 3-dimension（三维）pictures of inside organs
3. C.
  It won’t cause serious skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body
4. D.
  It helps to find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening it up
4.
We can infer from this passage that
1. A.
  patients in front of CAT may suffer from a bit of radiation
2. B.
  doctors need no opening-up of the body with CAT scanners
3. C.
  CAT scanners are more expensive than regular X-ray machines
4. D.
  CAT scanners can take photos of either the whole body or a part of it
5.
The best title of this passage might be
1. A.
  the Newest Medical Invention
2. B.
  New X-ray Machine to Save Lives
3. C.
  How to Avoid the Damage of X Rays
4. D.
  Advantages and Disadvantages of CAT Scanners

Key West, Florida is a wonderful place to spend a vacation. It is a truly charming and fun city for the whole family. And of course you will get the good weather of Florida, with which you have plenty of time to enjoy the outdoor activities.
Key West is the most southern city in the continental USA. That is why their sunsets are so amazing. The sun is brighter there at sunset than anywhere else. It’s so beautiful that everyone gathers every evening at Mallory Dock to watch it. And there you will see jugglers (玩杂耍的人) and musicians entertaining in the streets.
The houses surrounded by trees and flowers are lovely in Key West, and many are restored and absolutely charming. There are too many hotels, inns, guest houses and restaurants to talk about. They all look great and their prices change according to seasons, and you can find something to suit every pocketbook and every taste.
At the seaport you will see various boats. It’s very interesting. The city is rich in history and was home to Ernest Hemingway. Harry Truman chose it for his winter White House. There are so many public transportation—taxis, tour trains, trolleys, bikes—and you can even walk if you choose. There are beautiful coral reefs. The deep reefs are farther off shore and are best visited with an experienced guide. However, there are shallow reefs close in where snorkelers (潜水者) can explore to their heart’s content. At Key West Marine Park you can do some good snorkeling. In Key West you can go diving, fishing and do all sorts of water sports.
The problem with Key West is that no one ever wants to leave. Be sure to take your camera with you because you will want to snap (拍摄) everything you see. And whatever you do, be sure to take in the sunset because it is nothing like anything you have ever seen.

1.
What will certainly happen when visitors come to Key West?
1. A.
  They are sure to have trouble finding a suitable restaurant.
2. B.
  They are sure to watch the sunset in the evening.
3. C.
  They are sure to take your trains.
4. D.
  They are sure to come across storms.
2.
What can be inferred from the passage?
1. A.
  Key West lies in the north of the continental US
3.
From the last paragraph we know that __________.
1. A.
  there are many problems in travelling in Key West.
2. B.
  everything in Key West is worth taking photos.
3. C.
  every traveler wants to leave Key West as soon as possible.
4. D.
  one can visit deep reefs alone in Key West.
4.
What would be the best title for the text?
1. A.
  Key West, Florida: A great vacation city
2. B.
  Key West, Florida: A charming and fun city
3. C.
  Key West, Florida: A beautiful sunset
4. D.
  Key West, Florida: A most southern city

There is an old Chinese tale about a woman whose only son died. Sadly, she went to the holy man and asked, “What magical things do you have to bring my son back to life?”
Instead of sending her away or reasoning with her, he said to her, “Fetch me a mustard (芥菜) seed from a home that has never known sadness. We will use it to drive the sadness out of your life.” The woman happily went off at once in search of that magical mustard seed.
She first came to a splendid house, knocked at the door and said, “I am looking for a home that has never known sadness. Is it such a place? It is very important to me.”
They told her “You’ve certainly come to the wrong place” and began to describe all the tragic things that had happened to them recently.
The woman said to herself, “I have had misfortune of my own. Who is able to help these poor, unfortunate people?” She stayed to comfort them, and then went on in search of a home that had never known sadness. But wherever she went, she found one tale after another of sadness and misfortune. She became so involved in other people’s sorrow that finally she forgot about her search for the magical mustard seed, never realizing that it had, in fact, driven the sadness out of her life.

1.
Which of the following does the story lead us to believe?
1. A.
  Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.
2. B.
  Time passed cannot be called back again.
3. C.
  You can’t feel happy unless compared with others.
4. D.
  You can’t expect to know the result until you have tried.
2.
Instead of sending the woman away, the holy man .
1. A.
  asked her to help him first
2. B.
  tried to comfort her with kind words
3. C.
  asked her to look for a thing that didn’t exist at all
4. D.
  tried to encourage her by talking with her
3.
Leaving the holy man, the woman .
1. A.
  was full of hope
2. B.
  was filled with sadness
3. C.
  was determined to try again
4. D.
  became discouraged
4.
The best title for the text would be “ ”.
1. A.
  A woman’s misfortune
2. B.
  A nice surprise
3. C.
  The holy man’s faith
4. D.
  Cure for sadness

Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime. She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding of black culture in America.
During the 1940’s and the 1950’s, Gwendolyn Brooks used her poems to describe conditions among the poor, racial (种族的) inequality and drug use in the black community. She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women.
But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people. She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.
Gwendolyn Brooks once said that she wrote about what she saw and heard in the street. She said she found most of her materials through looking out of the window of her second-floor apartment in Chicago, Illinois.
In her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago, where many black people live. In her poems, the South Side is called Bronzeville. It was “A Street in Bronzeville” that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945. Critics praised her poetic skills and her powerful descriptions about the black experience during the time. The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.
In 1950, Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Literature. She won the prize for her second book of poems called “Annie Allen”. “Annie Allen” is a collection of poetry about a Bronzeville girl as a daughter, a wife and a mother. She experiences loneliness, loss, death and poverty (贫穷).
Gwendolyn Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life.
Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called “Maud Martha”. “Maud Martha” attracted little attention when it was first published. But now it is considered an important work by some critics. Its main ideas about the difficult lives of many women are popular among female writers today.

1.
Gwendolyn Brooks became world-famous because .
1. A.
  she was an expert on the language of poetry
2. B.
  she introduced black culture by writing poems
3. C.
  she fought for black rights by writing poems
4. D.
  her poems showed the lives of black women
2.
Which of the following can we learn from the text?
1. A.
  Gwendolyn Brooks’ poems focused on black people in Africa.
2. B.
  Winning the Pulitzer Prize for Literature was important to Brooks.
3. C.
  Gwendolyn Brooks used to suffer a lot from drugs.
4. D.
  Gwendolyn Brooks was very strict with herself.
3.
How did Gwendolyn Brooks get ideas for most of her poems?
1. A.
  By observing life.
2. B.
  By having talks.
3. C.
  By reading widely.
4. D.
  By traveling.
4.
We can infer that the book “Annie Allen” mainly deals with .
1. A.
  family life
2. B.
  inequality
3. C.
  adventure
4. D.
  failure

Hello, you guys! Do you want to make e-pals via the Internet and have fun? Here’s some advice for you to follow. First take a look at www. Spoton. Community. Click on international pen-pal sites to find some of our favorite international e-pal and pen-pal web sites. Don’t forget: some e-pal services cost money and some are safer than others. Remember to read a web site safety warning before you join!
KidFu （www. Kidfu. com）says it is the safest place online for kids to chat, play games and make friends. Get your parents to help you register and then you can write things about yourself or read what other kids have written. There’re also chat monitors that make sure that the online chat rooms are safe and friendly. KidFu costs money, but the first month is free.
If you join e-PALS （www. Epals. com), you can choose a pen-pal from over 65,000 kids from 191 countries. You can also find information about how teachers can get pen-pals for their pupils. Or if you want to start sending e-mails right now, go to Europe Pages（www. europa-page. com）. Lots of young people have written their names, interests, home countries and their e-mail addresses. Just click on a name and start writing!
Well, however, there are tips that you should keep in mind: never be absorbed in the line for too long, so stay there not more than 2 hours once. Never go out with your pals without your parents’ permissions. Let your parents know about what you are doing. Then, have fun!

1.
If you want to choose a safer web site, you'd better click on .
1. A.
  www. europa-page. Com
2. B.
  www. Spoton. de
3. C.
  www. e-pals. com
4. D.
  www. Kidfu. com
2.
A teacher can visit to help his/her pupils to get pen-pals.
1. A.
  KidFu
2. B.
  Europe Pages
3. C.
  e-PALS
4. D.
  spoton. community
3.
The advantage of Europe Pages is that .
1. A.
  you can start sending your e-mails immediately
2. B.
  you can choose more pen-pals from many countries
3. C.
  it is free and you can find names of different countries
4. D.
  it is the safest one among all the web sites
4.
A chat monitor mentioned in Paragraph 2 is probably .
1. A.
  a person in the web site to give safe online advice
2. B.
  a police officer to keep order in the chat rooms
3. C.
  an engineer in charge of controlling the chat
4. D.
  a software to keep online chatting clean and safe

Many of the employees think their career path and plans begin during their employment or when they already secured a job. But basically, if we look at what becomes of a person, you can root it from the upbringing of the person, to be more specific, from childhood.
As parents, we usually groom our children’s future according to what we are or what we wanted to be. We buy them toys and educational materials according to what we dream our children would become someday. For example, we know that becoming a teacher means a lot of sacrifices and lots of time worked but the pay is not satisfying. Thus, if we see this profession not favorable financially, we discourage our children from becoming teachers. However, the earliest exposure of children is usually in the medical field profession (every time they visit the hospital for consultation or any medical requirements) and the education or teaching profession (by the time they start attending classes). Information other than the two professions mentioned came from the parents and later exposure or experiences when they grew up and learn of their interest according to their special skills.
In career pathing, the parents’ role plays a major part for the individual’s success in identifying their chosen career. The best way is to support the child’s interest and not forcing them to take courses that the parents wanted for themselves. Support can be provided by helping them read materials on their field of interest, exposing them to the career and providing information as to the advantages and great efforts that one may take to accomplish their chosen field. This is not difficult nowadays. The internet and the publications are now very affordable and even the media provides the information for the different careers that our children may take. There are shows and programs that can provide a picture of the different field. But before you go to your television and change the channel of what your child is watching, check first if the program is fit for their age and maturity.

1.
The underlined word “groom” in the second paragraph can be replaced by ___________.
1. A.
  take care of
2. B.
  prepare
3. C.
  expect
4. D.
  feed
2.
Why does the parents’ role play a major part for the individual’s success in identifying their chosen career?
1. A.
  Because the best approach is to support the child’s interest.
2. B.
  Because parents can help them read materials on their interest.
3. C.
  Because parents can provide them with needed information.
4. D.
  Because parents’ help and support is extremely important.
3.
Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
1. A.
  The earlier, the better
2. B.
  Work from childhood
3. C.
  Career Path Begins During Childhood
4. D.
  Parent’s support in choosing a career
4.
It can be inferred that __________.
1. A.
  parents play a major part in helping their children choose their career
2. B.
  parents have a great effect on their children’s life
3. C.
  one’s early education is very important
4. D.
  getting information about jobs is not difficult nowadays because of the internet

Last year I had a wonderful experience. I went on a student exchange to Japan. It was an exciting time of my life and I learned many things about the school system in Japan. I was in Grade 11, which is second year of high school in Japan, but I was younger than most of my classmates. That’s because Japanese children enter first year of elementary school (小学) in April following their sixth birthday. I started school when I was still five years old.
In Japan, Children attend elementary school for six years, where they study Japanese, arithmetic, science, social studies, music, crafts, physical education, and home economics (simple cooking and sewing skills). During their three years in middle school, English is added to this list. Most schools have access to computers and the Internet.
The classes in my school seemed rather big to me, around 30 students in a typical high school class. We ate lunch in the classroom, instead of a cafeteria and enjoyed a healthy, nutritious meal prepared by the school or by a local “school lunch centre” instead of eating the same, dry sandwiches every day. I really like the Japanese interpretation of school lunches. I also enjoyed the field trips and activities. At Japanese schools, there are many school events during the year, such as field day when students compete in tug-of-war, field trips, and arts and cultural festivals.

1.
The writer went to Japan _____ last year.
1. A.
  to visit his family memebers
2. B.
  to finish his high school there
3. C.
  to study as an exchange student
4. D.
  to do research on school system in Japan
2.
Children in Japan may start their elementary school at the age of ____.
1. A.
  5
2. B.
  6
3. C.
  7
4. D.
  11
3.
Japanese students start to learn English _____.
1. A.
  before they start their school year
2. B.
  when they are in elementary school
3. C.
  when they are in middle school
4. D.
  when they are in high school
4.
In the writer’s country, there are normally _____ students in a high school class.
1. A.
  less than 30
2. B.
  exactly 30
3. C.
  more than 30
4. D.
  Not certain
5.
In the writer’s country, students probably _____.
1. A.
  have lunch in the classroom
2. B.
  have different lunch every day
3. C.
  have lunch at home
4. D.
  have sandwiches for lunch

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What did Sara think of Betty when talking with her?

According to the passage, who are likely to expect the shortest pauses between turns?

We can learn from the passage that ______.

The underlined word "assertiveness" in the last paragraph probably means ______.

The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to ______.

The author thinks that with full government funding ______.

The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to ______.

What will happen if you sit under the magical tree?

The underlined word “drowsy” in the second paragraph means “_______”.

How many wishes did the traveler make?

What is NOT true of a CAT scan?

The underlined words “a foreign object”（Para 3）most probably refer to

What is the special use of the latest CAT scanners?

We can infer from this passage that

The best title of this passage might be

What will certainly happen when visitors come to Key West?

What can be inferred from the passage?

From the last paragraph we know that __________.

What would be the best title for the text?

Which of the following does the story lead us to believe?

Instead of sending the woman away, the holy man .

Leaving the holy man, the woman .

The best title for the text would be “ ”.

Gwendolyn Brooks became world-famous because .

Which of the following can we learn from the text?

How did Gwendolyn Brooks get ideas for most of her poems?

We can infer that the book “Annie Allen” mainly deals with .

If you want to choose a safer web site, you'd better click on .

A teacher can visit to help his/her pupils to get pen-pals.

The advantage of Europe Pages is that .

A chat monitor mentioned in Paragraph 2 is probably .

The underlined word “groom” in the second paragraph can be replaced by ___________.

Why does the parents’ role play a major part for the individual’s success in identifying their chosen career?

Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

It can be inferred that __________.

The writer went to Japan _____ last year.

Children in Japan may start their elementary school at the age of ____.

Japanese students start to learn English _____.

In the writer’s country, there are normally _____ students in a high school class.

In the writer’s country, students probably _____.

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