Language-learners who say they never or hardly ever use dictionaries often speak English well but usually write poorly, because they make many mistakes.
The students who use dictionaries most do not learn especially well either. The ones who look up every new word do not read fast. So they do not have time to read much. Those who use small two-language dictionaries have the worst problems. Their dictionaries often give only one or two words as translations (翻译) of English. But one English word often has many translations in a foreign language and one foreign word has many translations in English.
The most successful students are those who use large college edition dictionaries with about 100,000 words but do not use them too often. When they are reading, these students first try to get the general idea and understand new words from the context. Then they reread and use the dictionary to look up only key words that they still do not understand. They use dictionaries more for writing. If they are not sure how to spell a word, or divide it into syllables (音节), they always use a dictionary. Also, if they think a noun might have an unusual plural form, they check these in a dictionary.

  1. 1.

    Students who never use dictionary speak well but write poor, because_______

    1. A.
      They can’t remember words.
    2. B.
      They may make mistakes.
    3. C.
      They are not interested in writing.
    4. D.
      They are afraid of writing.
  2. 2.

    According to the passage, which of the following is right?

    1. A.
      Students who never use dictionary can speak well and write well.
    2. B.
      Whatever new words you meet while reading, just look them up in the dictionary.
    3. C.
      Small two-language dictionaries are bad for learning English.
    4. D.
      An English word only has one translation.
  3. 3.

    When does the writer advise students to use a good dictionary in reading?

    1. A.
      At the beginning of the reading
    2. B.
      At the end of the reading
    3. C.
      During the first reading
    4. D.
      After the first reading
  4. 4.

    This passage mainly tells us        .

    1. A.
      that students shouldn’t use small two-language dictionaries
    2. B.
      what were the defects (缺点) of small two-language dictionaries
    3. C.
      why students should use large college edition dictionaries
    4. D.
      what dictionary students should choose and how to use it
  5. 5.

    Which is not mentioned in this passage?

    1. A.
      How to make good use of a dictionary.
    2. B.
      When to use a dictionary.
    3. C.
      How to improve spoken English.
    4. D.
      How to practice reading fast.

When he was a boy, Tim was much influenced（影响） by the books about the sea, but in fact by the age of fifteen he had decided to become a doctor rather than a sailor. His father was a dentist and as a result, Tim had the opportunity of meeting many doctors either at home or elsewhere. When he was fourteen he was already hanging around the clinic (诊所) of a local doctor where he was supposed to help to wrap up medicine bottles, but was actually trying to listen to the conversations taking place between the doctor and his patients in the next room.
During the war Tim served in the Navy (海军) as a surgeon (外科医生). “That was the happiest time of my life. I was dealing with very real suffering and on the whole making a success of it.” In California he taught the country people simple facts about medicine. He saw himself as a life-saver. He had proved his skills to himself and his ability to take decisions. Thus, while he was able to tell them what to do, he could feel he was saving them. After the war, he got married and chose to be a doctor in the countryside, working under an old doctor who was popular in the area, but who hated the sight of blood and believed that the secret of medicine was faith. This gave the young man many opportunities to go on working as a life-saver.

  1. 1.

    Tim decided to be a doctor when he was________.

    1. A.
      fourteen
    2. B.
      fifteen
    3. C.
      serving in the Navy
    4. D.
      working in clinic
  2. 2.

    Tim decided to become a doctor mainly because________

    1. A.
      his father wanted him to be so.
    2. B.
      his father was a surgeon.
    3. C.
      he had read many books about medicine.
    4. D.
      he had chances to know many doctors and know about what doctors did.
  3. 3.

    Which of the following is not true?

    1. A.
      during the war, Tim was a surgeon in the Navy.
    2. B.
      he taught the country people simple facts about medicine in California.
    3. C.
      after the war, he married the old doctors’ daughter.
    4. D.
      Tim worked as a life-saver after war.
  4. 4.

    From the passage we can infer(推出) that Tim_________.

    1. A.
      was sent to Europe during the war.
    2. B.
      was not afraid of blood.
    3. C.
      decided to give up his doctor career.
    4. D.
      regarded himself as a life-saver.
  5. 5.

    The passage is mainly about­________

    1. A.
      Tim’s life story
    2. B.
      Tim’ dreams
    3. C.
      Tim’s marriage
    4. D.
      Tim’s patients

Ship tourism to Antarctica is on the rise: More than 35,000 tourists are expected to visit Antarctic this summer. In 1992-1993, 6,750 visited Antarctica, according to the Antarctica Treaty. All of this tourism, however, is putting both tourists and the environment in great danger.
Among the tourist ships that visit the continent, the Explorer, a Canadian ship, was one of the first. Put to use in 1969, it was built to carry tourists to Antarctica. Last week, however, it became the first commercial passenger ship to sink beneath the waters. Fortunately, all of the passengers and crew members were rescued from the ship. However, the sunken ship endangered the Antarctic’s fragile(脆弱的) environment. The ship was estimated to be holding 48,000 gallons of fuel.
The accident was not unexpected. Both the US and UK had warned a conference of the Antarctic Treaty member countries in May that the tourism situation in this area was a potential disaster. The US said in a paper, people “should take a hard look at tourism issues now, especially those related to ship safety.” Although the Antarctic seas are relatively(相对地) calm, floating ice causes a potential threat to ships. The owner of the Explorer blamed the sinking on a fist-like hole in the ship created by ice.
Many of the other large ships now visiting Antarctica are not designed especially against thick ice. Such ships generally can only come to the continent in summer. But the tourist rush is pushing ships into dangerous situations. “The increasing number of ships operating in Antarctic means that the ship are under great pressure to get there in time for the key visiting sites,” the British government wrote in a paper at the meeting of member countries.
As a natural frontier, Antarctica is in a messy legal situation. There are no obvious answers as to who is responsible for dealing with the threat that tourist may cause to human life and the environment.
There is no coast guard for Antarctica. Do we want it to become Disneyland, or do we need some controls?

  1. 1.

    Which of the following is true according to this passage?

    1. A.
      Antarctica tourism has a history of about 17 years
    2. B.
      The number of tourists to the Antarctic is over 5 times as large as that of 17 years ago.
    3. C.
      The tourism boom has caused holes in the floating ice in the Antarctic.
    4. D.
      The Antarctica Treaty is responsible for the problem.
  2. 2.

    The sinking of the Explorer____________.

    1. A.
      led to a conference about the tourism situation in the Antarctic.
    2. B.
      was caused by the rough seas
    3. C.
      had been predicted
    4. D.
      did harm to the Antarctic.
  3. 3.

    It can be inferred from the passage that_________.

    1. A.
      a Disneyland will be built in the Antarctic
    2. B.
      fewer people are visiting the Antarctic because of the warnings given
    3. C.
      not all the ships are suitable to go to the Antarctic
    4. D.
      some ships take risks visiting the Antarctic in other seasons rather than in summer
  4. 4.

    In this passage, the writer suggests that___________.

    1. A.
      people had better not make a tour of the Antarctic
    2. B.
      ships to the Antarctic should be built strong enough
    3. C.
      there should be legal controls over tourism in the Antarctic
    4. D.
      the Antarctic’s environment is fragile
  5. 5.

    What attitude does the writer hold towards Antarctic tourism?

    1. A.
      Supportive.    
    2. B.
      Positive.      
    3. C.
      Indifferent.       
    4. D.
      Anxious.

It may help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech．At some point in every speech, every speaker says something that is not understood exactly as he has planned．Fortunately, the moments are usually not obvious to the listeners. Why ? Because the listeners do not know what the speaker plans to say. They hear only what the speaker does say. If you lose your place for a moment, wrongly change the order of a couple of sentences, or forget to pause at a certain point, no one will be any the wiser．When such moments occur, don’t worry about them. Just continue as if nothing happened．
Even if you do make an obvious mistake during a speech, that don’t really matter. If you have ever listened to Martin Luther King’s famous speech – “ I have a dream”, you may notice that he stumble（结巴）his words twice during the speech．Most likely, however, you don’t remember．Why? Because you were fixing your attention on its message rather than on his way of speech-making. People care a lot about making mistakes in a speech because they regard speech-making as a kind of performance rather than as an act of communication. They feel the listeners are like judges in an ice-skating competition．But, in fact, the listeners are not looking for a perfect performer. They are looking for a well-thought-out speech that expresses the speaker’s ideas clearly and directly．Sometimes a mistake or two can actually increase a speaker’s attractiveness by making him more human．
As you work on your speech, don’t worry about being imperfect．Once you free your mind of this, you will find it much easier to give your speech freely．

  1. 1.

    The underlined part in the first paragraph means that no one will ___________．

    1. A.
      be smarter than you
    2. B.
      notice your mistakes
    3. C.
      do better than you
    4. D.
      know what you are talking about
  2. 2.

    You don’t remember obvious mistakes in a speech because ___________．

    1. A.
      your attention is on the content
    2. B.
      you don’t fully understand the speech
    3. C.
      you don’t know what the speaker plans to say
    4. D.
      you find the way of speech-making more important
  3. 3.

    It can be inferred from the passage that ___________．

    1. A.
      giving a speech is like giving a performance
    2. B.
      one to two mistakes in a speech may not be bad
    3. C.
      the listeners should pay more attention to how a speech is made
    4. D.
      the more mistakes a speaker makes, the more attractive he will be
  4. 4.

    What would be the best title of the passage?

    1. A.
      How to Be a Perfect Speaker
    2. B.
      How to Make a Perfect Speech
    3. C.
      Don’t Expect a Perfect Speech
    4. D.
      Don’t Expect Mistakes in a Speech

For photographers lacking training, experience and even the ability to click a shutter button, they produce remarkable pictures. Under the sea, deep in the woods and high in the sky, furry, feathery and leathery-skinned creatures are opening up vistas（远景）by taking cameras where no human can go.
This is the world of animal-borne imagine celebrated last month at a conference sponsored(supported) by the National Geographic Society for the 20th anniversary of its Crittercam, the device that started it all.
Since its debut（首次公开露面）in 1987 on the back of a turtle, the Crittercam and similar devices developed by others have grown smaller and more powerful.
“It’s more than just a camera now,” said Greg Marshall, the marine biologist and now filmmaker who invented the Crittercam. “We are now including more instruments to gather more data while at the same time reducing everything in size.”
The idea of attaching video cameras to animals came to Mr. Marshall in 1986 on a dive off Belize when a shark apporached him. When the animal quickly turned away, he noticed a shark with a sucker fish on its belly. He came up with the idea that putting a camera in place of the sucker fish would allow people to witness the shark’s behavior without disturbing it.
Crittercams have been attached to sharks, sea lions and other marine animals, and, more recently, to land animals.
Birds are a new addition, Mr. Marshall said. Dr. Christian Rutz of Oxford recently reported on tiny cameras called feathercams that monitor the crows in the South Pacific. It has discovered that crows are smarter than anyone knew they not only use twigs（嫩枝）and grass stems as tools to root out food, but they also save their favorite tools to use again.
Tracey L. Rogers, director of the Australian Marine Mammal Research Center in Sydney, said crittercam was a powerful tool in her work with leopard seals（豹斑海豹）in Antarctica. “In studying animals,” Dr. Rogers said at the meeting, “you want to see how our animal models align（与……一致）with reality. With a camera, you actually see what they do. You don’t have to guess.”

  1. 1.

    What’s the text mainly about?

    1. A.
      The advantages of crittercam.
    2. B.
      The development of Crittercams in the past 20 years.
    3. C.
      How crittercam was invented.
    4. D.
      How crittercam works.
  2. 2.

    What inspired Marshall to invent crittercam?

    1. A.
      The sight of sucker fish clinging to a shark on a dive.
    2. B.
      The thought of how to photograph animals better.
    3. C.
      Noticing a shark eating a sucker fish on a dive.
    4. D.
      Seeing a shark with a camera on its belly on a dive.
  3. 3.

    According to Dr. Rogers, crittercam ____.

    1. A.
      can clear up all your doubts about animals
    2. B.
      is the most powerful tool in studying animals
    3. C.
      enabled her to observe the crows in the South Pacific closely
    4. D.
      helped a lot with her research on leopard seals in Antarctica
  4. 4.

    All of the following are improvements of crittercams EXCEPT that ____.

    1. A.
      the size is becoming smaller
    2. B.
      more instruments are involved to gather more data
    3. C.
      they allow researchers to see where and how animals live
    4. D.
      they are able to be applied to smaller animals such as birds

Last year Shi’s housekeeper’s daughter had to give up her schooling in Beijing because she would not be allowed to sit the national college entrance exam. She was forced to continue her high school education in her hometown in Sichuan Province.
Shi thinks the current law is unfair for migrant workers’ children, as it prevents them from studying at public schools, unless their parents pay huge sums. So, Shi decided to do a survey of migrant workers so that she could find some solutions to help solve the problem.
In the last six months Shi has spoken to 186 migrant workers in Beijing. Her interviewees include babysitters, guards, keepers, supermarket clerks, house cleaners and construction site workers. Shi found out that 55 of them were parents. Among this group, only eight have children who attend schools in Beijing. The other 47 had to leave children with relatives in the countryside. However, 40 of the 47 would like to enroll（使入学）their children in city schools.
From her interviews, Shi found that the workers’ lowest income was 400 yuan each month. Over one - third earn a monthly wage of or below 1000 yuan. “Even schools for migrant workers’ children charge more than public schools. Moreover, parents constantly worry about these schools closing or relocating,” she explained.
Shi has recently completed a report about her survey, in which she makes a series of recommendations. “The government can set up public schools for migrants’ children equal to schools for city children. Second, to offset（弥补）migrant workers’ very low pay, public schools should offer them special rates so they can afford their children’s tuition（学费）.

  1. 1.

    What drove Shi to do the survey of migrant workers?

    1. A.
      She wanted to draw people’s attention and become famous.
    2. B.
      Her housekeeper’s daughter was forced to move to her hometown to continue studying.
    3. C.
      She was asked to do a survey of migrant workers as part of a school project.
    4. D.
      Her curiosity about migrant workers’lives.
  2. 2.

    According to Shi’s survey, most migrant workers’kids ________.

    1. A.
      have to help their parents support the family
    2. B.
      attend schools near their parents’ working places
    3. C.
      don’t live together with their parents
    4. D.
      always do better in schools than children from the city
  3. 3.

    All of the following prevent migrant workers’ kids from attending schools in cities EXCEPT ________.

    1. A.
      their parents’ low income
    2. B.
      that schools for migrant workers’ children may close or relocate
    3. C.
      schools’ high tuitions
    4. D.
      their lack of confidence to face the fierce competitions in city schools
  4. 4.

    Shi suggested in her survey that ________.

    1. A.
      children’s tuition should be reduced
    2. B.
      more money should be collected for migrants’ children
    3. C.
      more private schools for migrants’ children should be built
    4. D.
      students from the city and the countryside should be encouraged to communicate more

Cyril was a small town. The houses there were all made of wood; almost everything in the houses such as cupboards, tables and chairs were made of wood, too. And all the houses faced south. The town was never peaceful. Fire broke out once a week on summer afternoons. Residents were puzzled who the real firebug(纵火犯) was.
One day a big fire broke out. It was said that a Negro had jumped out of the house on fire, so the police arrested(逮捕) all the Negroes in the street. However, fire never stopped to breaking out when the Negroes were in prison.
Mauson, a physics teacher didn’t believe that the Negroes were the firebugs, for he really knew about those Negroes, He made up his mind to find out who the real firebug was.
One day he was invited to drink in a pub and happened to notice that many bottles and plastic plates were baked by the hot sunrays. Suddenly he realized what the actual fact was. He jumped with joy, saying, “I’ve got the answer!”
Mauson dashed out of the pub to his friend’s house nearby, which also faced south. He made an experiment there to confirm his idea.
The next Saturday afternoon, Mauson asked some policemen and newsmen to come to the house. They were told that the real firebug would be shown there. At that time the sun was shining full into the house and it became hotter and hotter inside the room.
Someone wanted to draw the curtains together, while another was going to use a bottle to drink water, but neither got permission from Mauson, who wanted to let the firebug in.
“Now,” said Mauson, “this house will soon catch fire.” People looked at each other in surprise. Mauson asked them to look at the bottles and focus on the table cloth. After a while the cloth gave off a burning smell and began to catch fire!
The mystery of fire was discovered, but the police wouldn’t believe him and insisted that Negroes had been the firebugs. Instead they arrested Mauson and put him into prison. But Mauson said he would never turn against science.

  1. 1.

    The town was never peaceful, for fire broke out        .

    1. A.
      in the afternoon
    2. B.
      in summer
    3. C.
      at any time
    4. D.
      A and B
  2. 2.

    Why did the police arrest all the Negroes?

    1. A.
      One of them had jumped out of the home on fire.
    2. B.
      They were suspected to be the firebugs.
    3. C.
      The police hated the Negroes.
    4. D.
      The Negroes knew something about the fires.
  3. 3.

    Drinking in a pub, Mauson realized what the actual fact was         .

    1. A.
      by experiment
    2. B.
      by backing the bottles
    3. C.
      through the hot sunrays
    4. D.
      by accident
  4. 4.

    By making an experiment, they knew the real firebug was        .

    1. A.
      the Negroes
    2. B.
      bottles
    3. C.
      sunrays
    4. D.
      plastic plates
  5. 5.

    Mauson was put into prison, because          .

    1. A.
      he had told a lie
    2. B.
      he had fund out the real firebug
    3. C.
      he had turned against science
    4. D.
      he had made friends with the Negroes

Growing up in Philadelphia, Lieberman started cooking with his stay-at-home dad when he was seven. His food-loving family had two kitchens, and he quickly learned what was the best way to bake his cakes. Lieberman improved his kitchen skills greatly during a year abroad before college, learning from a cook in Italy and studying local specialties（地方特色菜）in Germany, Spain and France. At Yale, he was known for throwing dinner parties, single-handedly frying and baking while mixing drinks for dozens of friends. Just for fun, he and some friends decided to tape a show named Campus Cuisine about his cooking. Lieberman was a real college student showing his classmates how to do things like make drinks out of dining-hall fruit. That helped the show become very popular among the students. They would stop Lieberman after classes to ask for his advice on cooking. Tapes of the show were passed around, with which his name went beyond the school and finally to the Food Network.
Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV  isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay. “It’s about your personality（个性）and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.”
But Lieberman isn’t putting all his eggs in one basket. After taping the first season of the new how, Lieberman was back in his won small kitchen preparing sandwiches. An airline company was looking for some one to come up with a tasteful, inexpensive and easy-to-make menu to serve on its flights, Lieberman got the job.

  1. 1.

    We can learn from the text that Lieberman’s family ___________.

    1. A.
      have relatives in Europe
    2. B.
      love cooking at home
    3. C.
      often hold parties
    4. D.
      own a restaurant
  2. 2.

    The Food Network got to know Lieberman______________.

    1. A.
      at one of this parties
    2. B.
      from his teachers
    3. C.
      through his taped show
    4. D.
      on a television program
  3. 3.

    What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to ?

    1. A.
      A natural ability to attract others.
    2. B.
      A way to show one’s achievement.
    3. C.
      Lieberman’s after-class interest.
    4. D.
      Lieberman’s fine cooking skill.
  4. 4.

    Why did the airline company give Lieberman the job?

    1. A.
      He could prepare meals in a small kitchen.
    2. B.
      He was famous for his shows on Food TV.
    3. C.
      He was good at using eggs to make sandwiches.
    4. D.
      He could cook cheap ,delicious and simple meals.
  5. 5.

    What can we learn about Lieberman from the text?

    1. A.
      He is clever but lonely.
    2. B.
      He is friendly and active.
    3. C.
      He enjoys traveling around.
    4. D.
      He often changes his meals.

When building houses, people used to think about not only the climate of the areas but also the building materials and the fashions for their houses. However, since electricity became more and more expensive , people began to pay much more attention to the energy they could get for their houses and the new ways they could find to protect their houses from both cold and heat.
Now, houses of an old yet new type have been widely built. In some parts of the world, people share their houses with their livestock. During cold weather, they gather their cows, goats, or other animals and keep them on the first floor of their houses. The reasons are that the animals can be protected from the cold and that they can help to heat the houses as well. The body heat given off by the animals rises to the second floor of the houses, where people live. By sharing their houses with their livestock, people gain a source of heat.
People who live in or near cities do not usually keep livestock. However, home builders use the fact that heat rises. This natural law can be used in building houses in these areas, instead of keeping livestock on the first floor builders fill it with large rocks. As they are open to the sun’s rays during cold weather, these rocks take in heat. They also give off the heat, and, of course, the warm air rises into the living areas of the houses. So these houses are energy saving.
House building becomes a great challenge to building designers and energy engineer. They try to meet this challenge by learning from old traditions and by using modern technology. And someday in the future, people will be able to live in more energy saving houses

  1. 1.

    What did people begin to consider as electricity was no longer cheap?

    1. A.
      The climate of their areas
    2. B.
      The energy for their houses
    3. C.
      The fashions for their houses
    4. D.
      The building materials for their houses
  2. 2.

    People in some areas gain a source of heat by ______.

    1. A.
      keeping their livestock downstairs
    2. B.
      protecting their livestock from the cold
    3. C.
      sharing their houses only with their cows
    4. D.
      living on the second floor with their livestock
  3. 3.

    The underlined words “natural law ” in the third paragraph refer to the fact that ______.

    1. A.
      heat raises the temperature in the houses
    2. B.
      heat goes in the upward direction
    3. C.
      heat goes up if temperature is raised
    4. D.
      heat increases the temperature of rocks
  4. 4.

    From the passage, we can conclude that ______.

    1. A.
      people will no longer consider building materials in the future
    2. B.
      energy saving buildings will become more popular in the future
    3. C.
      almost all people will move into the houses heated by large rocks
    4. D.
      energy engineers will devote themselves only to modern technology
  5. 5.

    What is the meaning of the underlined word “livestock” ?

    1. A.
      animals raised especially for economical benefits
    2. B.
      furniture
    3. C.
      plants kept in the house
    4. D.
      general appearance of the whole family

Have you ever thought about what you would like to do after school? Perhaps one of these rather different jobs will suit you.
TASTER: Food companies need people to taste the products that they are making. So many kinds of no bad-tasting food are put onto the supermarket shelves. All tasters do all day is take small bites of food. They make notes of what tastes good and what tastes bad. It is not a job for those who would like to stay thin.
SNAKE MILKER: This involves taking the poison out of a snake’s teeth. You hold the snake over a glass and make it open its mouth very wide. The poison will then drip from the back of the teeth into the glass; this is known as milking the snake. You have to be very brave if you want to try this.
GOLF BALL HUNTER: You will spend your day diving into waterholes at different golf courses to hunt for lost golf balls. You could be picking up as many as 5,000 balls a day. Many golfers are willing to buy used golf balls and you could be making a lot of money.
CLOCK CLEANER: Every day you will be climbing to the top of the clock towers in the city. Your responsibilities will be to oil, wind and repair the clocks. This is not a job for someone who is afraid of heights.

  1. 1.

    If you are a taster, you will          .

    1. A.
      pick up golf balls
    2. B.
      oil and repair the clocks
    3. C.
      get some milk from snakes
    4. D.
      try different kinds of food
  2. 2.

    If you are afraid of heights, you’d better not choose the job as a          .

    1. A.
      taster
    2. B.
      snake milker
    3. C.
      clock cleaner
    4. D.
      golf ball hunter
  3. 3.

    You can probably find this passage in a          .

    1. A.
      newspaper
    2. B.
      textbook
    3. C.
      report
    4. D.
      novel
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