It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
　　Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects(前景) of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
　　The impact of a salary cut is probably less serious for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual(智力的) opportunities.
　　Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary(包括各种学科的) team, manage budgets and negotiate(谈判) contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”

  1. 1.

    By “a one-way street” in the first paragraph, the author means______.

    1. A.
      university researchers know little about the commercial world
    2. B.
      there is little exchange between industry and academia
    3. C.
      few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
    4. D.
      few university professors are willing to do industrial research
  2. 2.

    The word “deterrent” most probably refers to something that ______.

    1. A.
      keeps someone from taking action
    2. B.
      helps to move the traffic
    3. C.
      attracts people’s attention
    4. D.
      brings someone a financial burden
  3. 3.

    What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?

    1. A.
      Flexible work hours
    2. B.
      Her research interests
    3. C.
      Her preference for the lifestyle on campus
    4. D.
      Prospects of academic accomplishments
  4. 4.

    Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ______.

    1. A.
      do financially more rewarding work
    2. B.
      raise his status in the academic world
    3. C.
      enrich his experience in medical research
    4. D.
      have better intellectual opportunities
  5. 5.

    What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?

    1. A.
      Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market
    2. B.
      Develop its students’ potential in research
    3. C.
      Help it to obtain financial support from industry
    4. D.
      Adapt its research to practical applications

Today, whether or not you follow the latest trends, one’s fashion and choice of dress is a reflection of one’s individual style and tastes. Can you still remember how you dressed at the start of China’s opening-up? Today’s program is one of a special series commemorating （纪念） the 30th anniversary of reform and opening-up in China. In these two episodes we focused on fashion and style and were honored to invite two special guests to join us in studio—Ms. Zhang Ling from Raffles-BICT Inter-national College and Alex from Esquire magazine.
When we talk about fashion, color is absolutely crucial. A color can reflect the mood of an individual person or the spiritual temperament（性情） of entire society or age. Mrs. Zhang and Alex talked about the colors which have left the greatest impression on them. In the 1960s and 70s, blue and grey were the dominant colors at the time and people had limited choices to dress up. But fast forward to the present, you will find no difficulty in choosing from array(大批) of vivid colors in the market.
We also gave our guests a list of keywords—traditional brands, jeans, DIY, international brands, personal dress for them to choose from in order to represent the fashion of their generation. We find out that for every keyword our guest chose, there was a special story behind it. Some of the stories brought us back to old times—we even brought some vintage(古老的) clothing from the 60s and 70s up on stage and invited some audience members to try them on.
When we mention fashion, we must mention brand. With increasing disposable（可自由使用的） income and purchasing power of the Chinese, many luxury brands have flocked into China. However, you could imagine in 1980s, when the first inter-national brand came to China, it unveiled（展示） a fashion storm among the Chinese.

  1. 1.

     China’s opening-up dates back to _______.

    1. A.
      the 1960s
    2. B.
      the 1970s
    3. C.
      the 1980s
    4. D.
      the 1990s
  2. 2.

    All of the following EXCEPT _______ are keywords in representing the fashion of our generation.

    1. A.
      traditional brands
    2. B.
      international brands
    3. C.
      personal dress
    4. D.
      special stories
  3. 3.

     The fact that many luxury brands have flocked into China shows that _______.

    1. A.
      China has given up its own culture
    2. B.
      Chinese have been tired of array of vivid colors in the markets
    3. C.
      Chinese have increased their disposable income and purchasing power
    4. D.
      China has grown tired of its traditional brands

Disposing(处理) of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As more and more people choose to live close together in cities, the waste-disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult.
During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dumpsite. Residents or trash haulers(垃圾托运者) would transport household rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site. Periodically(定期的) some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried. The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by.
Factories, mills, and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water. Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem.
Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps, which are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose. Property is either too expensive or too close to residential(住宅区的)neighborhoods. Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice, but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere, cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent.
Awareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers, ground water, land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste, however, continues to grow.
Recycling efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part. Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city's reusable waste.

  1. 1.

    The most suitable title for this passage would be ______.

    1. A.
      Places for Disposing Waste
    2. B.
      Waste Pollution Dangers
    3. C.
      Ways of Getting Rid of Waste
    4. D.
      Waste Disposal Problem
  2. 2.

    During the 18th century, people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT for ______.

    1. A.
      burying it
    2. B.
      recycling it
    3. C.
      burning it
    4. D.
      throwing it into rivers
  3. 3.

    What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?

    1. A.
      Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society.
    2. B.
      There is cheap land to bury waste in modem society.
    3. C.
      It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modem society.
    4. D.
      Ways to deal with waste in modem society stay the same.
  4. 4.

    The main purpose of writing this article is to ________.

    1. A.
      draw people's attention to waste management
    2. B.
      warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing
    3. C.
      call on people to take part in recycling programs
    4. D.
      tell people a better way to get rid of the waste

Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems. For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a country. If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them. Tourism should help a country, keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants.
Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.
On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs. Businesses can also lose money. It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first- class roads, and other support facilities（配套设施）needed by tourist attractions. For example, a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build. If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money.
Building a hotel is just a beginning. There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water. All of these support facilities cost money. If they are not used because there are not enough tourists , jobs and money are lost.

  1. 1.

    Which of the following do you think has been discussed in the part before this selection？

    1. A.
      It is extremely important to develop tourism.
    2. B.
      Building roads and hotels is essential.
    3. C.
      Support facilities are highly necessary.
    4. D.
      Planning is of great importance to tourism.
  2. 2.

    The underlined word“ inhabitants” （in Paragraph 1 ） probably means________.

    1. A.
      tourists
    2. B.
      passengers
    3. C.
      population
    4. D.
      citizens
  3. 3.

    Too much tourism can cause all these problems EXCEPT ________ .

    1. A.
      a bad effect on other industries
    2. B.
      a change of tourists’ customs
    3. C.
      over - crowdedness of places of interest
    4. D.
      pressure on traffic
  4. 4.

    It can be inferred from the text that ________ .

    1. A.
      the author doesn’t like tourism developing so fast
    2. B.
      local people will benefit from tourist attraction
    3. C.
      other parts of a country’s economy won’t benefit from tourism much
    4. D.
      we can't build too many support facilities

It is an exciting start to the college football season. A team that many people never heard of defeated one of the best in the country. If you follow American sports, then you know we are talking about the Michigan-Appalachian State game, which took place on September 1st at Michigan Stadium, in front of more than 100,000 people.
Appalachian State University is in Boone, North Carolina. Its team often plays in a stadium that holds about 25,000 people. Also, Appalachian State plays in the Football Championship Subdivision. Michigan is in the newly named Football Bowl Subdivision, the top level of college football. So the Mountaineers of Appalachian State and the Wolverines of the University of Michigan normally do not even play each other.
But they decided to meet for the first time. Michigan agreed to pay Appalachian State 400,000 dollars, win or lose. Teams like Michigan need victories, even a victory over a lower division team, to get into big, nationally broadcast bowl games. These games are worth millions of dollars at the end of the season.
Fans expected an easy Michigan win. After all, in the preseason, sports experts had considered Michigan the fifth best college football team in the country. But Appalachian State is a two-time national champion at its own division level. Its players wanted to show they could play well against a nationally ranked team. And they did. The final score was Appalachian State thirty-four, Michigan thirty-two. The game quickly became known as one of the greatest upsets in college football history.
The win has brought national attention to Appalachian State. Local stores reported a huge increase in orders for college clothing and other items. And the university official head expects more students to seek admission next year. Last Saturday, at home, Appalachian State defeated another North Carolina school, Lenoir-Rhyne College, forty-eight to seven.

  1. 1.

    The Michigan-Appalachian State game ________.

    1. A.
      is a regular competition held in the US every year
    2. B.
      is a state competition held for the football championship
    3. C.
      is part of a national competition held on September 1st every year
    4. D.
      was an occasional football competition between two universities
  2. 2.

    Michigan wanted to play with Appalachian State because Michigan ________.

    1. A.
      needed money to support its development
    2. B.
      wanted to test the skills of Appalachian State
    3. C.
      was a new football team without experience
    4. D.
      needed victories to enter nationally broadcast bowl games
  3. 3.

    After the game, the Appalachian State University got _________.

    1. A.
      much economic support from the government
    2. B.
      much national assistance
    3. C.
      national recognition
    4. D.
      many applicants for admission

A sixth of undergraduates in Beijing this year have registered at driving school. The students, mostly from majors such as business management or international trade, will finish their driving courses within 20 days or so.
Training costs have dropped to 2, 600 yuan for students, according to the Haidian Driving School in Beijing. The price is not really low, but students will accept it, seeing it as an investment （投资）in their future. Familiarity with the operation of computers and fluent English are the basic skills graduating students need to find a job. But a driver’s permit has become another factor （因素）.
“In the job market, owning a driver’s permit sometimes strengthens a graduating student’s competitiveness for a good position, ”says Zhou Yang, an undergraduate at the China University of Political Science and Law.
Cars will become a necessary part of many people’s lives in the coming years, and it is difficult to get a permit of campus because of the pressures on working people’s time. “Having a fulltime job after graduation offers limited time to learn to drive. We senior students have plenty of spare time, plenty of opportunity to learn. ”Zhou says.
Xu Jian, an official at the driving school, said undergraduates were very able and serious, and could grasp in an hour what ordinary people took four hours to learn. In this driving school, middle -aged people, young women and college students are the main customers.
To get a driver’s permit, a beginner is now required to have at least 86 hours’practice before the final road test.

  1. 1.

    ________ in Beijing want to learn to drive.

    1. A.
      Most of the undergraduates
    2. B.
      Many undergraduates
    3. C.
      Many students in the driving school
    4. D.
      Most of the students who learn business or international trade
  2. 2.

    The undergraduates are learning to drive because ________.

    1. A.
      they need this skill to find a good job
    2. B.
      they like to drive cars
    3. C.
      they will not have any time to learn to drive after they have
      found a full - time job
    4. D.
      most of them will be able to buy cars in the future
  3. 3.

    Which of the following is likely to be Xu Jian’s opinion of students learning to drive?

    1. A.
      He thought it was better to learn it at college than at work.
    2. B.
      He decided it was a waste of money and time to learn to drive.
    3. C.
      He agreed that they could learn to drive.
    4. D.
      He thought they would spend three times more time to learn to drive than usual.
  4. 4.

    Which of the following can be the best headline for the passage?

    1. A.
      Students Pay Less to Learn to Drive Now.
    2. B.
      Students Learn to Drive.
    3. C.
      It is Better to Learn to Drive at Colleges.
    4. D.
      Welcome to the Driving School.

Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia, on August 27th, 1910. She attended the government school near her home until she was eighteen. At that time, some doctors and nurses from Yugoslavia were working in India, and they often wrote to the school about their work. She decided to join them one day.
When she finished school, she went first to Britain. Then a year later she went to India, where she began to train to be a teacher. After training, she was sent to Calcutta, where she taught geography at a school and soon after became headmistress(女校长).
However, although she loved teaching, in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and went to work in the poor parts of Calcutta. Later she trained to be a nurse in Panta, and then began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city. Slowly, others came to help her, and her work spread to other parts of India.
Mother Teresa is now a well-known person. Many photos have been taken of her, as she travels the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries. In 1979, she was given the Nobel Peace Prize for the lifetime of love and service she has given to the poor.

  1. 1.

    What first inspired Mother Teresa to work in India?

    1. A.
      Her visit to the poor parts of Calcutta.
    2. B.
      Her visit to Britain after she left school.
    3. C.
      The medical worker’s letters to her school.
    4. D.
      The work of the nurse in the city of Panta.
  2. 2.

    In which order did Mother Teresa do the following things?
    a. Trained to be a nurse                        
    b. Went to India.
    c. Helped the dying.                          
    d. Studied to be a teacher.
    e. Went to Britain.                            
    f. Worked as a headmaster.

    1. A.
      b, a, c, e, d, f
    2. B.
      b, f, a, d, e, c
    3. C.
      e, b, d, f, a, c
    4. D.
      e, a, b, c, d, f
  3. 3.

    Mother Teresa gave up teaching because she wanted to ___________.

    1. A.
      look after the poor.
    2. B.
      travel to poor countries
    3. C.
      build hospitals for the poor
    4. D.
      train nurse to care for the poor
  4. 4.

    Mother Teresa is now a famous person because she has ___________.

    1. A.
      saved many poor people in India
    2. B.
      helped to bring about world peace
    3. C.
      helped to make India a more peaceful place
    4. D.
      taken care of many poor people in the world

We are not allowed ________ photos in the museum.


  1. A.
    to take
  2. B.
    takes
  3. C.
    taking
  4. D.
    take

Some people choose jobs for other reasons _______ money these days.


  1. A.
    for
  2. B.
    except
  3. C.
    besides
  4. D.
    with

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。

beard


  1. A.
    heard
  2. B.
    heart
  3. C.
    bear
  4. D.
    hear
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