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As the Internet and computer use become more common, the need for security is more important than ever. According to the latest statistical analysis, it is estimated there are over 1.1 billion Internet users worldwide. The Internet provides diverse and useful resources such as Email, instant messaging, academic research, product research, paying bills, shopping, online banking, and the list goes on and on. For many of its 1.1 billion users the Internet is not just a tool but a way of life. But most users fail to take the time to research the risks involved. One of the greatest in the online world is computer hacking.

Computer hacking is the unauthorized access to a computer or network of computers. Hackers, those people who illegally enter systems, may alter or delete information, steal private information, or spread viruses that can damage or destroy files. But how exactly can a hacker get into a system to do these things?

Most hackers use information called protocols (协议) that are built into computer software. These protocols allow computers to interact with one another. Protocols are sort of like computer police officers. When a computer connects to another system, the protocols check to see if the access is valid. The protocols can also determine how much information can be shared between the two systems. Hackers can manipulate (操纵) the protocols to get unlimited access to a computer system. In fact, just the act of entering a computer network is considered hacking. This is commonly called passive hacking. Passive hackers get a rush from just being able to invade a challenging system like a bank or military network. Hackers that do damage to a system by releasing viruses or altering, deleting, or taking information are known as active hackers. They are, by far, the more dangerous of the two.

The easiest way to protect a system is with a good password. Long and unusual passwords, instead of your date of birth or telephone number, are harder for hackers to guess. For even greater security, some online services now use “password-plus” systems. In this case, users first put in a password and then put in a second code that changes after the user accesses the site. Users have special cards or devices that show them the new code to use the next time. So if a hacker steals the password, they won’t have the code. Or if the hacker somehow gets the code, they still don’t know the password.

With the possible exception of equal rights, perhaps the most controversial issue across the United States today is the death penalty. Many argue that it is an effective deterrent (威慑) to murder, while others maintain there is no convincing evidence that the death penalty reduces murders.

The principal argument advanced by those opposed to the death penalty, basically, is that it is cruel and inhuman punishment, which is the mark of a brutal(野蛮的) society, and finally that it is of questionable effectiveness as a deterrent to crime anyway.

In our opinion, the death penalty is a necessary evil. Throughout recorded history there have always been those extreme individuals in every society who were capable of terribly violent crimes such as murder. But some are more extreme than others.

For example, it is one thing to take the life of another in a fit of blind rage, but quite another to coldly plot and carry out the murder of one or more people in the style of a butcher. Thus, murder, like all other crimes, is a matter of relative degree. While it could be argued with some conviction（定罪） that the criminal in the first instance should be merely isolated from society, such should not be the fate of the latter type murderer. 　　

The value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime may be open to debate. But the overwhelming majority of citizens believe that the death penalty protects them. Their belief is reinforced by evidence which shows that the death penalty deters murder. For example, from 1954 to 1963, when the death penalty was consistently imposed in California, the murder rate remained between three and four murders for each 100,000 population. Since 1964 the death penalty has been imposed only once, and the murder rate has risen to 10.4 murders for each 100,000 population. The sharp climb in the state’s murder rate, which began when death penalty stopped, is no coincidence. It is convincing evidence that the death penalty does deter many murderers. If the bill reestablishing the death penalty is vetoed(否决), innocent people will be murdered—some whose lives may have been saved if the death penalty were in effect. This is literally a life or death matter. The lives of thousands of innocent people must be protected.

68. The main purpose of this passage is to___________.
　A speak for the majority                         B oppose death penalty
　C criticize the government                             D argue for the value of the death penalty
69. According to Paragraph 4, it can be inferred that___________ .
　A the death penalty is the most controversial issue in the United States today
　B the second type of murderers should be sentenced to death
　C the veto of the bill reestablishing the death penalty is of little importance
　D the value of the death penalty as a deterrent to crime is not to be debated
70. The passage attempts to establish a relationship between_______________ .
　A the murder rate and the imposition(执行) of the death penalty
　B the effects of death penalty and the effects of isolation
　C the importance of equal rights and that of the death penalty
　D innocent people and murders

A decade after terror struck America, we are starting to move forward.

It has been 10 years. In those awful days right after 9/11, I asked my colleague, Dave Barry, if he thought he would ever write jokes again. He was then the humor columnist for the Miami Herald. “For the last week,” he told me, “I haven’t even tried to write anything funny, and for a while I thought maybe I never would, or should.”

He had it; we all had it—that feeling of being stuck, unable to find your way back to the life you had lived before. I wrote 10 columns in a row about what I had seen, the planes crashing, the lives lost. Finally, I had to force myself to write a column about something that was not terror. That last one column. Then I went right back to what was normal.

That was a decade ago. Today’s terrors become tomorrow’s memories. News becomes history. And I find myself remembering how I used to kill ants when I was a child. The thing that struck me was that they always came back. Even if you destroy their world a hundred times, they build it a hundred and one times.

There is something of that in people. It may be one of the best things about us. We always fight the cruel things in life, bury our dead, rebuild, and find a way to move forward. We did it when fire burned down Chicago, after the earthquake in San Francisco, and after the floods in New Orleans. And we did it on September 11.

It is true that we have changed in ways that are not all good. We are at war on three fronts. We are running a strange prison on Cuba. The government may not tell you why.

Osama Bin Laden is dead. Experts tell us the terror group he led is weakened. However, terrorism remains alive in American political thought, which is becoming more extreme.

There is reason to be worried about these changes. But I am still grateful that we moved away from the 9/11 nightmare at all.

64. Which phrase can be used to describe Dave Barry’s feeling just after 9/11?

A. sad but confident                                          B. shocked and numb

C. frightened but hopeful                           D. heartbroken and angry

65. From Paragraph 3, we can conclude that ________.

A. no one ever feels safe anymore

B. there was no terrorism in America before 9/11

C. the author was so shaken that he stopped writing completely

D. many Americans were preoccupied with terrorism for some time.

66. With the example of ants, the author aims to show that ________.

A. he misses his happy childhood

B. he is sorry that he killed the ants

C. rebuilding is more important than sadness

D. people are tough and are able to recover

67. What’s the author’s attitude towards the American government’s policy against   terrorism?

   A. critical             B. supportive              C. uninterested           D. appreciative

  When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.

  For kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫不掩饰的).

  In the teenage years, the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity. I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.

  In adulthood the things that bring deep joy----love, marriage, birth----also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complicated(复杂的)

  My definition for happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.

  I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love. When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.

  Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.

  We, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we’ve got to have. We’re so self-conscious about our “right” to it that it’s making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier

  Happiness isn’t about what happens to us----it’s about how we see what happens to us. It’s the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative. It’s not wishing for what we don’t have, but enjoying what we do possess.

60. As people grow older, they _____________________.

A. associate their happiness less with others

B. feel it harder to experience happiness

C. will take fewer risks in pursuing happiness

D. tend to believe responsibility means happiness

61. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 5 and 6?

A. She cares little about her own health.

B. She enjoys the freedom of traveling.

C. She prefers getting pleasure from housework.

D. She is easily pleased by things in daily life.

62. People who equal happiness with wealth and success__________________.

A. consider pressure something blocking their way

B. are at a loss to make correct choices

C. stress the right to happiness too much

D. are more likely to be happy

63. What can be concluded from the passage?

A. Happy is he who is content.

B. Each man is the master of his own fate.

C. Success leads to happiness.

D. Happiness lies between the positive and the negative.

   Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(绕行路)in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But I was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

  For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents’ home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hates confinement(限制)and have strong opinions about everything.

  Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.

  But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me.

  That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They’d get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air.

  We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons(见识).

  We eventually arrived at my parents’ doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories

  I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.

  Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey----and the best part of yourself.

56. Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents’ home?

A. It was less time.

B. She felt better with other drivers nearby.

C. Her kids would feel less confined.

D. It would be faster and safer.

57. What does the author discover from the trip according to Paragraph 6?

A. Freeways are where beauty hides.

B. Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one’s health.

C. Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life.

D. One should follow side roads to watch wild animals.

58. Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home?

A. To give herself some time to read.        B. To let them cool down.

C. To play a game with them.              D. To order some food for them.

59. What could be the best title for the passage?

A. Creativity out of Necessity              B. The Road to Bravery

C. Charm of the Detour                      D. Road trip and Country Life

As I held my father’s hands one night, I couldn’t help but notice their calluses(老茧）and roughness. His hands tell the story of his life as a   36    , including all his struggles.

      One summer, I remember, a drought hit Ontario, turning it into a   37 desert. On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last   38   from the grocery store. Fifty dozen was all we needed, which _39___ took twenty minutes. That morning, however, the process didn’t   40 quickly. After forty minutes of aimlessly walking in the field, we   41 needed twenty dozen. I was completely ___42_ and angry. Dropping the basket heavily, I declared, “If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves” Dad    43 . “Just think, my little girl, only ten dozen left for each of us and then we’re   44   .” Such is Dad----whatever problem he    45 , he never gives up.

       46 , the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our county. It was a challenging time for everyone,   47 Dad remained optimistic. He  48  to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plate. Only then did I truly begin to    49  Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.

      Dad is also a living example of real    50    . From dawn to dusk, he walks countless hours to   51     our family. He always puts our happiness   52    his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games  53  his exhaustion after long days. His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and    54  putting others first.

      Dad, the life   55  I have learned from you will stay with me forever. You are my father, teacher, friend and, most importantly, my hero.

36.   A. teacher                     B. gardener               C. grocer               D. farmer

37.   A. burning                    B. lively                     C. disappearing             D. stormy

38.   A. form                        B. order            C.gap             D. position

39.   A. repeatedly          B. normally                 C. finally               D. really

40.   A. occur                B. begin           C. go                   D. change

41.   A. still                          B. yet                    C. even                 D. nearly

42.   A. surprised                  B. frustrated       C. nervous                D. frightened

43.   A. laughed                    B. cried                    C. complained        D. apologized

44.   A. lost                          B. touched         C. gone              D. done

45.   A. works out                B. brings up                C. meets with        D. thinks about

46.   A. Thankfully         B. Unfortunately            C. Hopefully                 D. Strangely

47.   A. or                            B. for            C. so           D. but

48.   A. continued                 B. seemed       C. happened           D. aimed

49.   A. face                         B. appreciate          C. examine            D. question

50.   A. honesty                    B. pride         C. friendship                 D. love

51.   A. support                    B. settle           C. start                 D. impress

52.   A. before               B. after                   C. beside               D. under

53.   A. in place of         B. in terms of         C. in control of             D. in spite of

54.   A. careful                     B. regretful                 C. humorous                 D. considerate

55.   A. history                     B. lessons         C. patterns                    D. motto

--- David has been in high spirits these days．

---- 　　　　 He should have passed in the tough math test．

　　　 A．How come?　 B．How is it?　 　 C．Guess what? D．No wonder．

---- So, how is your new roommate?

----She really ____. She’s always making loud noises at midnight and when I remind her, she always makes rude remarks.

　 A. turns me over　 B. turns me down　 C. turns me off　 D. turns me out

 ----Why, I’ve told Joe millions of times to leave his dirty shoes outside.

   ----Come on, calm down. ______, you know.

   A. Old habits die hard                    B. Bad news travels fast

   C. A word to the wise is enough     D. A miss is as good as a mile

 It is only gradually, with the passing of years, _____ to a clear understanding of their position.

A. that they come   B. do they come        C. that come        D. when they come