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Positive Ways to Discipline Children

__51__“You get more bees with honey than with vinegar,”and “the carrot works as well as the stick”suggest that a system of discipline is more effective when it uses rewards or positive discipline, rather than sanctions(制裁).

_52__When children misbehave, you should try to see it as an opportunity to teach them acceptable or good behaviour, rather than as an opportunity to fix bad behaviour. In addition, you need to look at misbehavior as,in some way or another, your child's  way of trying to communicate certain needs or to express himself.

The most important positive way to discipline children is reflected in another old saying, “do as I do.”One of the most powerful tools at the parent's disposal (处理) is the ability to model good behavior for their child. Children are constantly watching adults, and trying to copy their language, their tone of voice, their manners, and their actions. __53__

Being respectful to your children is another way to positively discipline them. __54__Get down to their level,rather than talking to them from a distance. When you do talk to your children about discipline, tell them what it is that you want them to do. Rather than focusing on the negative behavior, tell them what the right behavior is. Don't tell them not to bounce the ball in the house; instead tell them that the ball will bounce better when it is outside.

Finally, empathy (同情) is a great tool in positively disciplining children.__55__Conversely (相反), help them to understand how others feel. Explain, for example, that when your son pulls his sister's hair, it feels bad, like the time your son accidentally fell on the sidewalk. By being empathetic and encouraging empathy, you can positively discipline your child.

A.Make eye contact when talking to children.

B.There are many positive ways to discipline children.

C.Trying to understand them can help you know them better.

D.One way to use positive discipline is to view misbehaviour differently.

E.Learn to listen to what they are saying, and feel what they are feeling.

F.There are many sayings that confirm the importance of positive discipline with children.

G.By modeling good behavior when the children are not misbehaving, we can positively encourage their behavior.

Many Web sites collect personal information. Some Web sites ask for personal information before granting (许可) access. You may be asked for your full name, age, address and telephone number. Other Web sites collect information in more ways such as making a record of your Internet Protocol (IP) address and of the Web pages you visit. Web sites do this by placing one or more “cookies” on the hard drive of the computer you are using. “Cookies” are small files of text that can collect and store information such as:

● the Internet Protocol (IP) address of your computer;

● how many times you have visited the site;

● your preferences, such as a preferred language;

● your user name and password;

● items in your “shopping cart”;

● Web sites you’ve visited.

This information allows Web sites to identify (识别) you the next time you visit. This makes it unnecessary for you to identify yourself every time you visit a Web site. However, cookies also enable Web sites or marketing networks to create a profile (简介) of you based on the information you have provided, often for advertising purposes. Once the information is collected, it can be used in countless ways. It can be difficult to determine what happens to personal information on the Internet.

Obviously, the best way to protect your personal information is never giving it to a Web site, but that’s not always practical. Using the Internet to shop, get services and get information is convenient for many people. These activities may require the use of personal information.

48. According to the text, cookies ______.

      A. are good for our body             B. can be bought online

      C. can help us visit Web sites        D. are viruses in computers

49. Which of the following can be used to describe “cookies”?

      A. Every coin has two sides.        B. Early birds catch worms.

      C. Happy beginnings lead to sad endings.     D. Seeing is believing.

50. The text mainly tells us ______.

      A. how Web sites steal your personal information

      B. Web sites requiring personal information are not reliable

      C. shopping online is dangerous

      D. to be careful when giving personal information online

Our cat has a sweet nature, and she can let us know what she wants. When we fail to meet her needs, she gently leads us in the proper direction. When I forget to fill her water bowl early in the morning, she runs after my legs, and then pushes me in the direction of her bowl. She doesn’t get irritated (生气的); instead, she expresses her wishes in the best way. And I always understand what she is telling me.

One day I found myself envying (羡慕) her simple expression. How many times had I expected my husband or my children to know my wants without my ever giving voice to them? How many times had I been disappointed that they couldn’t understand when I needed a hug, a compliment (恭维) or a chocolate bar?

After a pleasant afternoon with my husband, I wanted to stop somewhere nice and have dinner, but he didn’t understand my hints (暗示). “Couldn’t you see that I wanted to go out to dinner?” I complained when he pulled into our driveway.

“Why didn’t you say so? I can’t read your mind,” he answered in impatience. His words gave me pause. Had I expected him to read my mind? Why hadn’t I expressed my desire more clearly? I realized I had fallen into the female trap of “If you love me, you can read my mind.”

Now, I state my needs clearly and directly. I look at my cat and know she agrees.

45. Why was the author disappointed in her husband or her children?

    A. Her husband didn’t give her a hug.

    B. Her children didn’t give her a chocolate bar.

    C. They didn’t give her a compliment.

    D. They didn’t understand her mind.

46. What will the author do if she wants something from her husband now?

    A. She will give him her hints.                          B. She lets him guess what she wants.

    C. She tells him her needs directly.                      D. She buys what she wants herself.

47. What can we learn from the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?

    A. I realized what I did was wrong.

    B. I stopped and didn’t go with my husband.

    C. My husband prevented me from going on.

    D. My husband stopped me from saying something.

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