Each year, a majority of students leaving college come home close to ＄20，000 in debt, not including their student loans. One of the main reasons students come home in debt is the many credit-card offers on campus. But credit cards are not a bad thing-it all comes down to the person in charge of them.

A credit card is only bad if you abuse（滥用） it and purchase things you cannot afford. It seems much easier to buy things when you don’t physically hand over money, but only a plastic card.

There are many ways to control how much you spend. One of the best is to use a debit card （签帐卡）instead of a credit card. If you do not have one, contact your bank , and arrange to have one linked to your account（账户）. In this way you’re able to see how much you are spending each time you buy something.

Another easy way to control how much you are spending is to open an online bank account with which you can easily track how much money you have. Next, create a budget（预算）; doing this will also give you a better overall picture of how your finances are. If you stick with it you will find it to be a debt fighter that can help you over a long time.

Follow these tips religiously and you will find your net worth soon going from the gutter to the positive side. If you come out of college in debt, don’t let it get you down; you are not alone. With motivation and a strong will you will soon be able to kiss your debt goodbye.

86. What does the author say about students in the first paragraph? (No more than 5 words)

87. Why do many students like to use credit cards? (No more than 8 words )

88. List three ways you can stay out of debt. (No more than 15 words )

89. What is the passage mainly about? (No more than 10 words )

"Happiness Advantage" Effect

In July 2010 Burt's Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through big change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings. In doing so, managers lift everyone's anxiety level, which is responsible for effective problem solving.

Burt's Bees's then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he'd send out an e-mail that praises team members for work related to global marketing. He'd remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company's values. He asked his managers to hold another three-hour meeting on happiness with employees in the course of the expansion effort. Wolfgang's emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.

That outcome shouldn't surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set(思维模式), performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity,—improves. People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the "happiness advantage"—every business outcome shows that it has been improved when the brain is positive. I've observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.

A common misunderstanding is that only our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have effects. But one's general sense of happiness is surprisingly unstable. The habits we form, the way we interact with colleagues, how we think about stress—all these can be managed to increase our happiness and our chances of success.

Title: "Happiness Advantage" Effect

I. Burt’s Bees ____76______to management and its effect

 ●Leaders bothering their assistants

 ●Assistants’ anxiety level ____77______

 ●Problems solved less ____78______

II. John Wolfgang’s different approach to management and its effect

●A daily e-mail ____79______ sent

●Managers reminded to talk about____80______

●A three-hour meeting ____81_____being held

●Positive leadership making managers ____82_____to the company

●Goals achieved

III. Research findings

●People performing better when ____83_____ positively

 ●Every business outcome showing____84_____ when the brain is positive

IV. Factors contributing to our happiness and chances of success

●_____85________

●Habits we form

●The way we interact with colleagues and we think about stress

What makes one person more intelligent than another? What makes one person a genius, like the brilliant Albert Einstein, and another person a fool? Are people born intelligent or stupid, or is intelligence the result of where and how you live? These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear.

We know, however, that just being born with a good mind is not enough. In some ways, the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle. It needs exercise. Mental exercise is particularly important for young children. Many child psychologists think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about. The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent. If, on the other hand, children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do, they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent.

Parents should also be careful with what they say to young children. According to some psychologists, if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot, then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things. So it is probably better for parents to say very positive (helpful) things to their children, such as “That was a very clever thing you did.” or “You are such a smart child.”

71. The word “dull” in the second paragraph means ________.

A. slow in thinking and understanding     B. ordinary-looking

C. common                           D. careless　

72. According to the context we can guess that a genius is ________.

A. a normal person                     B. a strong person

C. a highly intelligent person             D. a famous person

73. A person ________ is more likely to become a genius.

A. whose parents are clever

B. often thinking about difficult problems

C. often helped by his parents and teachers

D. born with a good brain and putting it into active use　

74. It is better for parents ________.

A. to praise and encourage their children more often

B. to be hard on their children

C. to leave their children alone with nothing to do

D. to give their children as much help as possible　

75. Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?

A. Parents play an important part in their children’s growth.

B. The less you use your mind the duller you may become.

C. Intelligence is obviously the result of where and how you live.

D. What makes a person bright or stupid is still under discussion.

Because plants cannot move or talk, most people believe that they have no feelings and that they cannot receive signals from outside. However, this may not be completely true.

People who studied plants have found out that plants carry a small electrical charge (电荷). It is possible to measure this charge with a small piece of equipment called “galvanometer”. The galvanometer is placed on a leaf of the plant, and it records any changes in the electrical field of the leaf. Humans have a similar field which can change when we are shocked or frightened.

A man called Backster used a galvanometer for his studies of plants and was very surprised at his results. He found that if he had two or more plants in a room and he began to destroy one of them － perhaps by pulling off its leaves or by pulling it out of its pot － then the galvanometer on the leaves of the other plants showed a change in the electrical field. It seemed as if the plants were signalling a feeling of shock. This happened not only when Backster started to destroy plants, but also when he destroyed other living things such as insects (昆虫).

Backster said that the plants also knew if someone had destroyed a living thing some distance away, because they signalled when a man who had just cut down a tree entered the room.

Another scientist, named Sauvin, achieved similar results to Backster’s. He kept galvanometers fixed to his plants all the time and checked regularly to see what the plants were doing. If he was out of the office, he telephoned to find out about the signals the plants were sending. In this way, he found that the plants were sending out signals at the exact times when he felt strong pleasure or pain. In fact, Sauvin could cause a change in the electrical field of his plants over a distance of a few miles simply by thinking about them.

66.   Which of the following statements about the galvanometer is NOT true?

A.  It is to measure the small electrical charge of plants.

B.  It is often placed on a leaf of plants.

C.  It is to record the change in the electrical field of the leaf.

D.  It is rarely used in scientific studies.

67. Backster was surprised at the results of his studies because _____.

A. he destroyed an insect

B. he destroyed a plant by pulling off its leaves

C. he found that plants could express feelings of shock

D. he found that plants could move and speak after all

68. The plants sent out signals _____.

A. only when Backster Started to destroy plants

B. when Backster destroyed plants or other living things

C. only when he destroyed things such as insects

D. only when Backster placed the galvanometer on the leaves of the plants

69. The scientist called Sauvin _____.

A. did not agree with Backster’s ideas

B. did not get the same sort of results as Backster did

C. got different results from Backster’s

D. found out some of the same things that Backster did

70. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The electrical charge plants carry may shock or frighten us.

B. A tree will signal when it has been cut down.

C. Sauvin could make his plants send out signals some distance away.

D. Plants have no feelings because they cannot receive signals.

Every weekday morning I take the 8:30 bus to go to my job. I know by sight several people who also ride in that bus. Some of the girls work as maids. They get off at each stop in ones, twos or threes.

But at one corner something wonderful happens. Before the bus stops, a little dog races out of the nearest house. He doesn't look at two of the maids who get off. But for the third he has a joyful "Hello!" From head to tail his little body wags his happiness. Everyone on the bus watches until the maid and the dog go into the house.

One day not long ago the maid wasn't on the bus. I wondered if the dog would be waiting for her. Sure enough, he was!

He stood at the back door of the bus for a minute. I could see his joyful welcome turning into fearful worry. Where was she?

The driver closed the back door. The dog ran to the front door. It, too, shut in his face.

Everyone on the bus felt sad. Poor little pup! He looked so unhappy, standing there!

The driver couldn't stand it. He opened the door and looked down at the dog. "She didn't come today," he said, in a loud, kind voice.

A man in a front seat leaned forward. "Maybe she will come tomorrow," he called.

The dog wagged his tail as if to say "thank you." He watched the bus as we pulled away. Then he turned to trot home ── alone.

The next day everyone on the bus was happy to see the maid back again. Yes, the dog was waiting for her.

The welcome he gave her was even warmer and more delighted than usual. We all smiled at one another. How bright and good the morning suddenly seemed to us!

61. What do the people on the bus usually see at one corner?

A. A little dog coming close to the bus when it stops.

B. Two maids get off the moment the bus stops.

C. A dog waiting for someone.

D. A dog greets a maid merrily and follows her into a house.

62. One day the maid wasn't on the bus and the dog ___.

A. didn't appear

B. stood waiting at the bus stop till we pulled away

C. ran around looking for the maid

D. went back as soon as he found the maid wasn't there

63. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “pulled away”?

A. left        B. ran away       C. put away       D. dragged away

64. The next day people on the bus were happy, for ___.

A. the maid was among them again        B. she would not take the same bus

C. she was not on their bus               D. she was waiting for an empty bus to come

65. We can safely say this story is about ___.

A. a magic dog                         B. a young maid that has magic powers

C. a bus that can produce magical results  

D. the close relationship between a maid and her dog

Thank you for your presentation about virtual reality. We were amazed by RealCine’s achievement in allowing users to experience the Himalayas, without ever having to go there. Certainly, no one using it for fun and games will be disappointed. And we agree that 56. 它对于有社交障碍的人可以是个很好的治疗, because they can be more confident by making achievements in VR. However, in many ways 57. it seems more like a toy rather than a useful technology. We would like you to further explain how we can use this in urban planning. We are not very confident as to whether an operator will be able to use RealCine easily.

58.We are concerned about the price, as well. You put forward the idea that we will save money if we use RealCine. 59. 从长远来看这有可能是真的。However, the cost of building a VR studio is quite high, and this seems like a real disadvantage. Please send us more information on the daily costs and on how much time a design usually takes using RealCine. Otherwise, we cannot go forward.

While we are sure that 60. this is an extraordinary technology that deserves to be developed further, we will need much more information before we can make a decision whether we will invest.

 Complete the passage below with the correct forms of the given words and phrases in the column (two are extra).

(A)     Entering sports into the Olympics

There are many requirements that must be met before a sport can be considered to enter the Olympics. First, a sport must have its own association before 48._______ get into the Olympics. Next, it must be 49.________ by men in at least 75 countries on at least four continents, or by women in at least 40 countries and on three continents. In order to keep the 50._______ under control, some current sports have to be removed, 51.________ new sports which are considered to be more popular.

(B)      Journey to the Centre of the Earth

They set sail again and saw what looked like an exit, but it was blocked. They made a bomb to blow up the rocks. After the bomb 52._________, their boat rushed into a large hole. Floating down with water, their boat moved extremely fast, which made it hard for them to 53.______. They could only hold on to their boat, 54.________ and desperate. Finally, they reached the bottom of the hole. Then the water began to push them up and they floated 55._________ for miles. Afterwards, they found themselves in a volcano in Italy, and a new adventure was about to begin.

I wandered into the small store where I usually buy milk, when the store owner received a call from a customer. The customer and his   36   had shopped there several months earlier. He  37   that his wife really liked one thing in the store, so he wanted to buy it as a surprise.

     But the customer was in Tennessee, far away from the   38   which was in Maine. What’s more, he had been to the store several months earlier, and it was   39   to believe that the store owner would remember him, or what he was looking for.

     The store owner took a few close-up photos with her camera, and  40   them to the customer on the computer. The customer looked at the   41  , decided which one he wanted. They talked and   42   a price over the phone. She took care of the credit card transaction (交易) online, and promised the gift would be   43   that afternoon.

     The store owner was   44   smart. She was willing to push herself to find new ways to make the transaction actually happen. And it did work. However, it was the first time she had ever done it.

     I was amazed that the store owner discovered a   45   solution that could lead to a new way of doing business. I was impressed by what she did —so easily, but how difficult it is for many of us to make that leap（飞跃）. I’m not   46   talking about technology, but about learning how to adapt (适应) to change. Most people hate or fear change unless they get to know exactly what change needs to be made. However, we should realize that   47   and opportunity go hand in hand.

36. A. wife            B. student              C. child                 D. friend

37. A. accused      B. monitored          C. cheated          D. noticed

38. A. school         B. company           C. store                 D. house

39. A. easy           B. difficult             C. necessary          D. interesting

40. A. updated       B. bought                  C. passed                  D. e-mailed

41. A. photos         B. gifts                  C. prizes             D. tickets

42. A. persuaded    B. quarreled           C. discussed          D. designed

43. A. added to    B. shipped out      C. compared with   D. put forward

44. A. really           B. still                   C. also                  D. even

45. A. virtual          B. chief                 C. creative             D. fair

46. A. yet              B. just                   C. even                 D. already

47. A. conclusion   B. promise             C. concern            D. challenge

 Oh, I’m not feeling very well in my stomach. I _________ so much coffee just now.

A. shouldn’t drink                B. mustn’t have drunk

C. shouldn’t have drunk           D. mustn’t drink

 One should have a dream, _______the dream seems impossible to come true.

A. as though          B. so that           C. even if            D. in case