任务型阅读:请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最适当的单词。注意:每空一个单词。(满分10分)

There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. This is, however, a misunderstanding. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, many different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority (优先) it must be given over general language development and writing ability.

If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”, this is to say, to avoid using words he is not sure of. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. In this way, students will be able to express their ideas more freely.

I was once shocked to read on the bottom, of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience: “This word is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible (难以辨认的).” It may have been a sharp criticism(批评) of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had failed to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.

l       Topic

l       Spelling

l       Different beliefs

l       ·Parents  61 _ that schools no longer show   62__  in spelling .

l       ·Teachers consider spelling  63  _as a basic skill , or never ignored it

l        

l        

l       The writer’s  64 ___

l       towards spelling and an essay’s comment

l   If a teacher only   65   on spelling, a clever child will be likely to use the words familiar to them . As a   66   , teachers encourage students to use dictionaries   67  ___

l       ·It was   68     for me to read comments on an essay .

l       ·The teacher failed to read the essay , and   69  some good expressions of a student’s deep feeling .

l       ·Centering on the spelling errors would  70 __ the pupil from expressing himself freely and seeking improvement .

Six years ago, a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed two men standing together. Several minutes after her leaving, the men murdered a person working in the building. Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen the two suspects, and could possibly describe them. In an interview with police, her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear.

Several days later, psychologist Ronald P. Fisher was brought in to get a more complete description from the woman. Fisher’s interview produced a breakthrough (突破)—the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects. She then recalled several details about his appearances. This information gave police important leads that enabled them to arrest the suspects and close the case.

Police investigators found the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive (认知的) interview, a kind of memory-rebuilding process. In its original form, the cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques: thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events, reporting everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected, retelling events in kinds of time orders, beginning to end, end to beginning, forward or backward, and accepting different views while recalling events.

Usually, an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else’s questions. The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words, with no interviewer interruptions. The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques, such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different aspects.

Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training, while error rates remain about the same.

56. What is the purpose of this passage?

   A. To give an description of a murder case in an office.

   B. To explain why Fisher was invited to a police interview.

   C. To describe how cognitive method helps the woman to recall.

   D. To give the readers an idea of cognitive interview.

57. The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more by __________.

   A. strengthening her memory            B. giving her encouragement

   C. rebuilding her memory              D. giving her more time

58. It can be inferred from the passage that in a cognitive interview, the interviewer mainly plays a __________ role.

      A. directing          B. questioning    C. disappointing       D. interrupting

59. What is the key point of the cognitive interview?

   A. The interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time.

   B. The witness is encouraged to take an active role in recalling information.

   C. The interview should take place outside the police station.

   D. The witness should recall details at the scene of the event.

60. Police trained in the cognitive interview method can ___________.

   A. get more information from the witness than before

   B. decrease the error rate

   C. solve the cases more quickly

   D. use the method more skillfully than the psychologists

 

“Business is war.” The traditional language of business certainly makes it sound that way: winning the competition, getting market share, beating up suppliers, locking up customers. There are the victors and the losers.

       But today in doing business, you have to listen to shareholders, work with suppliers, keep good relations-even with competitors. That doesn’t sound like war. Besides, there are few victors when business is looked upon as war.

       Most businesses succeed only if others also succeed. Business is competition and cooperation as well. In other words, business is war and peace.

       To bring together competition and cooperation, we turn to game theory. Game theory provides that whether one person wins or loses depends on what other people do. It is particularly effective when there are many interdependent factors and no decision can be made in isolation from other decisions.

       Game theory breaks down the game into key elements :players, added values, rules, tactics(计谋), and scope (PARTS).Every element affects the result of the game. This means that each of the five elements gives you a way to change an existing game into an entirely new one. Change one of the PARTS, and you change the whole.

       Why change the game? An old Chinese saying explains: If you continue on the course you’re heading, that’s where you’ll end up. Sometimes that’s good, sometimes not. You can play the game very well, and still suffer great loss. That’s because you’re playing the wrong game: you need to change it. Even a good game can be made into a better one. Real success comes from actively shaping the game you play-from making the game you want, not taking the game you find.

46.The author of this passage is _______ the idea that “Business is war.”

       A.in favor of          B.against              C.considering       D.doubtful of

47.“PARTS” stands for _______.

       A.players, added values, rules, tactics and scope   

       B.all of the elements in the game theory

       C.the parties in a game                       

       D.the parts that affect the result of the game

48.The correct understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph is _______.

       A.you are really good at playing the game, but you still lose it out

       B.you are so competitive that you beat up all of your competitors terribly

       C.you play the game too well to suffer great loss

       D.the competition is so hard that you have to put all your heart into it

49.The author thinks that _______.

       A.we shall play very hard          

       B.we shall continue in the course we are heading

       C.we shall play in the right direction 

       D.we shall always change no matter the change is good or not

50. Why does the writer mention game theory?

   A. To inform the readers of the key elements.

   B. To explain how competition and cooperation co-exist in business.

   C. To prove business is war.

   D. To introduce the Chinese old saying.  

                           

Lost forever

Most people have heard about Didus ineptus, or the dodo, as it is more commonly known.  It was the flightless, long-extinct(灭绝的)member of the dove family that lived in the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius. The name “dodo” comes from the Portuguese and means “a person who is foolish”;    31   , to call someone a “dodo”   32    their stupidity. The dodo was a foolish creature about the size of a turkey and was easily fooled by sailors who tapped on trees to     33    its attention. It would come    34   towards the sound and was easily caught and whisked on board ship to become a valuable source of fresh, but tough meat.

Another expression to appear from the    35    bird’s situation is to say that something is “as dead as a dodo”, which means long since dead, very much     36    , or deserted. Of the many animals that people have removed from the face of the earth, the dodo has probably made the greatest contribution to our   37     .

Another less well-known but    38     extinct bird is Aepyornis maximus, more commonly known as the elephant bird of Madagascar. This creature   39    a very thickset, three-metre-tall emu(鸸鹋)   40    over half a ton and is thought to be the largest bird that ever lived. It was big in every way, even its eggs were extremely large. An elephant bird egg could measure up to ninety centimetres in diameter and    41    nine liters of liquid, about 200 ordinary chicken eggs. The eggs were in fact three times larger than dinosaur eggs.

  It’s hard to imagine how impressive the elephant bird must have been as it walked about proudly in its natural habitat. For thousands of years its size   42   was enough to scare the meat-eating animals.    43    it was a flightless bird, its sharp claws and powerful neck and beak ensured it could look after itself---that is, up until the Europeans arrived on Madagascar. They not only hunted elephant birds for food but began    44     their eggs as gifts. Sadly it was made    45    around I700, and the world became a much poorer place because of it

31. A. however            B. but                  C. therefore            D. usually

32. A. refers to            B. leads to             C. sticks to                D. comes to

33. A. concentrate         B. fix               C. attract          D. focus

34. A. swimming             B. flying            C. trembling      D. running

35. A. unfortunate                 B. unkind                 C. unfair           D. unable

36. A. fashionable                 B. outdated               C. updated        D. powerful

37. A. tradition             B. society         C. custom         D. language

38. A. continually           B. equally           C. carefully       D. officially

39. A. felt like               B. would like            C. looked like     D. sounded like

40. A. taking              B. looking              C. measuring           D. weighing

41. A. included                   B. existed        C. contained           D. examined

42. A. alone                      B. lonely          C. only         D. just

43. A. As though            B. Even though         C. As if           D. Even so

44. A. making                     B. cooking             C. collecting      D. counting

45. A. disappeared        B. free               C. known          D. extinct

 0  44857  44865  44871  44875  44881  44883  44887  44893  44895  44901  44907  44911  44913  44917  44923  44925  44931  44935  44937  44941  44943  44947  44949  44951  44952  44953  44955  44956  44957  44959  44961  44965  44967  44971  44973  44977  44983  44985  44991  44995  44997  45001  45007  45013  45015  45021  45025  45027  45033  45037  45043  45051  151629 

违法和不良信息举报电话:027-86699610 举报邮箱:58377363@163.com

精英家教网