India is a developing country. It has thousands of years of tradition and culture. Different types of people live in India. In the old days the educational institutions (教育机构) were called "ashramam" and teachers were "gurus". A guru was a respected person in society.

Now we are living in the technological world. Big changes are occurring in people’s living. The influence of television, telephone, radio, computer, Internet and mobile phones is very strong in everyday life. But even today, teachers are role models for students. Teaching is still a respectable job. But there are great changes in the education system.

One of the most obvious changes is that the influence of Western culture has increased. We are paying too much attention to doing business, just like the Western world. Teachers are likely to to be influenced by this too, but it is not good. Teachers are nation builders. The development of any country depends upon its education system. All types of development are possible through education.

Another change has happened in the curriculum (课程). The curriculum connects the teacher and the student. While education is about learning, curriculum means the situations in which one learns. When we say that education deals with "what", then curriculum deals with "how" and "when". But at the moment, it is hard to say whether the curriculum is playing such a role.

68. In India, an ashramam was _________.

A. a teacher who was respected by people

B. a person who worked for the government

C. a place where students were taught

D. a place where tradition and culture developed

69. Which of the following is NOT a reason to change people’s lives in India?

A. TV.     B. Computer.        C. Mobile phones.   D. Tradition.

70. In modern society, teaching is considered as a job that __________.

A. is respected   B. brings good luck  C. is hopeless       D. connects with the fashion

71. What is the author’s attitude towards educational change in India?

A. He likes it.                                           B. He is annoyed at it.

C. He is indifferent (冷漠的)to it.          D. He is worried about it.

 According to some researchers, you should not praise children for everything that they do. It does not help them build self-confidence.

Most parents and teachers agree that praise can help increase children’s self-confidence —the more, the better. However, according to some researchers, only proper praise is good for children. If adults praise everything children do, it makes children look for praise all the time, not trying to do their best. "Teachers should not say things like 'good job’ or 'nice work’ whenever a child does anything. They should encourage them to continue to improve," some researchers advise.
     Another idea is that children with high self-confidence are happier, and do better at school. About this, Marshall Duke, a researcher in children, says, "High self-confidence brought in by too much praise does not make children happier, get more, or become able to do more. Finding a child’s advantages (强项) and developing them can help build confidence more than too much praise can." Praise also loses its effect (影响) if it is given equally to all students.
     "It’s important to tell children the truth about what they’ve done. Honest feedback (反馈) is far better than empty praise," Duke adds. "People have got into the habit of not telling children when they’re wrong. That makes it hard for them to deal with difficulties when they grow up. That’s just how the world is."

64. According to some researchers, if parents praise their children too much, their children will ______.

A. always look for praise             B. increase self-confidence

C. become strong                        D. do better in their studies

65. In order to help children build self-confidence, some researchers advise parents to ______.

A. make them live more happily           B. let them do more difficult work

C. help them do better in school           D. encourage them to improve

66. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?

A. Praise makes children become successful.

B. Children don’t know what they’re really good at.

C. The same praise for all children has no meaning.

D. Duke thinks praise is more important than finding children’s strengths.

67. The underlined word "it" in the third paragraph refers to _________.

A. the effect          B. the praise    C. the advantage            D. the confidence

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