Informal conversation is an important part of any business relationship. Before you start a discussion, however, make sure you understand which topics are suitable and which are considered taboos(禁忌) in a particular culture. Latin Americans enjoy sharing information about their local history, art, and customs. They expect questions about their family and are sure to show pictures of their children. You may feel free to ask similar questions of your Latin American friends. The French think of conversation as an art form, and they enjoy the value of lively discussions as well as disagreements. For them, arguments can be interesting — and they can cover pretty much or any topic — as long as they occur in a respectful and intelligent manner.

In the United States, business people like to discuss a wide range of topics, including opinions about work, family, hobbies, and politics. In Japan, China, and Korea, however, people are much more private. They do not share much about their thoughts, feelings, or emotions because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious business relationship they’re trying to build. Middle Easterners are also private about their personal lives and family matters. It is considered rude, for example, to ask a businessman from Saudi Arabia about his wife or children.

As general rule, it’s best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. This can get you into trouble, even in the United States, where people hold different views. In addition, discussing one’s salary is usually considered unsuitable. Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world, although be careful not to criticize a national sport. Instead, be friendly and praise your host’s team.

1. The author considers politics and religion ________.

A. cheerful topics       B. taboos

C. rude topics        D. topics that can never be talked about

2. Which is typically a friendly topic in most places according to the author?

A. Sports.  B. Children.   C. Personal feelings.  D. Families.

3. Why are people from Asia more private in their conversation with others?

A. They don’t want to talk with others much.

B. They don’t want to have their good relationship with others harmed by informal conversation.

C. They are afraid to argue with their colleagues.

D. They want to keep their feelings to themselves.

4. What shouldn’t you do when talking about sports with colleagues from another country?

A. Praising your own country’s sports. 

B. Criticizing your own country’s sports.

C. Praising the sports of your colleagues’ country.

D. Criticizing the sports of your colleagues’ country.

 

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind‘s future 3 and cultural growth increased.

Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.

Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.

16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

1.A.generated  B.evolved   C.born     D.originated

2.A.valuable  B.appropriate C.convenient  D.favorite

3.A.attainments B.feasibility C.entertainments  D.evolution

4.A.essential  B.available  C.reliable   D.responsible

5.A.confirm   B.inform   C.claim    D.convince

6.A.for     B.from    C.of      D.with

7.A.organizations       B.organisms  C.humans  D.children

8.A.potential  B.performance C.preference  D.passion

9.A.as     B.just as   C.like     D.unlike

10.A.ideological       B.biological  C.social  D.psychological

11.A.reviews  B.reference  C.reaction   D.recommendation

12.A.In a word B.In a sense C.Indeed    D.In other words

13.A.various  B.different  C.the higher  D.the  lower

14.A.revealed  B.exposed   C.engaged   D.involved

15.A.regulations       B.formations  C.rules D.constitutions

16.A.Although  B.Whether   C.Since    D.When

17.A.distinguished      B.different  C.protected D.isolated

18.A.exposition B.comparison C.contrast   D.interaction

19.A.acquisition       B.appreciation C.requirement D.alternative

20.A.As a result       B.After all  C.In other words D.Above all

 

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