A. in want of

B. in search of

C. in favor of

D. in memory of

His mission? Saving the world's oceans from _______ pollution.

It's a calling he found in 2015 after moving to a community in Mumbai called Versova Beach. He had played there as a child and was _______to see how much it had _______. The sand was no longer _______ because it was covered by a layer of garbage more than five feet thick - most of it plastic waste.

“The whole beach was like a _________of plastic,” he said, “It hurt me. The _______ mess.” Shah had seen is part of a global environmental crisis. More than 8 million tons of plastic _______in the world’s oceans each year. It's predicted that by 2050, there will be more plastic in the ocean than fish. “Plastic in the ocean is a _______. And the sea-species have no choice at all,” Shah said, “We are __________ their habitats.”

In October 2015, shall began __________ up plastic waste from the beach every Sunday morning. At first, it was just him and a neighbor, and then he began calling on others to join in. Word __________ and with help from social media, more volunteers got __________.

For Shah, the work has always been a __________ journey, but it has earned global attention. After he was __________ as a Champion of the Earth by the United Nations in 2016, Shah now devotes nearly all of his free time to this ____________.

He's now spent 209 weekends on this mission, __________ more than 200,000 volunteers, some of whom are young students, to join him in what's been called the world's biggest beach cleanup. By October 2018, Versova Beach was __________ clean and Shah's cleanups expanded to another beach as well as a stretch of the Mithi River and other regions of India.

“This world talks too much. I think we must talk __________ and do action more,” he said when interviewed by CNN in October 2019. “We are a smart species. Well adapt. We'll learn. And with these youngsters rising up, I see __________.”

【1】A.teachingB.houseworkC.courtD.cleaning

【2】A.plasticB.soilC.riverD.oil

【3】A.upset.B.confused.C.delightedD.hesitant

【4】A.grownB.changedC.reservedD.protected

【5】A.pureB.goldenC.shinyD.visible

【6】A.curtainB.carpetC.paintingD.photograph

【7】A.temporaryB.permanentC.uglyD.pretty

【8】A.sticks toB.keeps offC.gives backD.ends up

【9】A.killerB.cleanerC.guestD.decoration

【10】A.sweepingB.attackingC.visitingD.beautifying

【11】A.pullingB.thinkingC.pickingD.looking

【12】A.cameB.failedC.wentD.spread

【13】A.involvedB.livedC.stuckD.paid

【14】A.easyB.toughC.personalD.general

【15】A.knownB.regardedC.decidedD.honored

【16】A.causeB.caseC.positionD.fame

【17】A.requiringB.rejectingC.invitingD.inspiring

【18】A.originallyB.finallyC.politicallyD.theoretically

【19】A.fewerB.lessC.betterD.worse

【20】A.honorB.beautyC.hopeD.love

Puffing Billy is one of the finest preserved heritage steam railways in the world and operates everyday of the year, except

Christmas Day, thanks to the tireless efforts of our volunteers. The Railway was built in 1900 to serve the local communities that lived in the hills, carrying anything from passengers to potatoes and plants.

Today, Puffing Billy Railway is a major tourist attraction and invites visitors to come and experience a century old tradition.

【1】Which of the following can the reason for Puffing Billy still being in use?

A.It is ordinarily preserved.

B.Volunteers offer tireless efforts.

C.It carries passengers and goods.

D.The railway was built in the 20th century.

【2】Which word can describe Puffing Billy?

A.Pet-friendly.B.Student-friendly.

C.Disability-friendly.D.Smoker-friendly.

【3】What can you do on the train?

A.Drink beers with relatives and friends.B.Sit on the carriage ledge to have a rest.

C.Put your head out to enjoy the scenery.D.Open the door when the train is moving.

A.In terms ofB.Regardless of

C.Instead ofD.In favor of

A. That B. Why C. Where D. How

A. ask B. have asked C. am asking D. asked

A. when B. that C. where D. there

A. that B. it C. what D. which

Curiosity arises, Loewenstein wrote, “when attention becomes focused on a gap in one's knowledge. Such information gaps produce the feeling of deprivation (匮乏) labeled curiosity. The curious individual is motivated to obtain the missing information to reduce the feeling of deprivation.” Loewenstein's theory helps explain why curiosity is such a force: it's not only a mental state but also an emotion, a powerful feeling that drives us forward.

Scientist Daniel Willingham notes that teachers are often “so eager to get to the answer that we do not devote enough time to developing the question.” Yet it's the question that stimulates (刺激) curiosity; being told an answer stops curiosity before it can even get going.

In his 1994 paper, George Loewenstein noted that curiosity requires some basic knowledge. We're not curious about something we know absolutely nothing about. But as soon as we know even a little bit, our curiosity is aroused and we want to learn more. In fact, research shows that curiosity increases with knowledge: the more we know, the more we want to know. To get this process started, Loewenstein suggests, take steps with some interesting but incomplete information.

Language teachers have long used communication in exercises that open an information gap and then require learners to communicate with each other in order to fill it. For example, one student might be given a series of pictures for the beginning of the story, while the student's partner is given a series of pictures showing how that same story ends. Only by speaking with each other (in the foreign language they are learning, of course) can the students fill in each others' information gaps.

【1】When one notices a gap in his knowledge, he .

A.desires to fill it

B.tends to be afraid

C.might get tired and sad

D.will become focused on his learning

【2】What does Daniel Willingham imply in the article?

A.Answers are more important than questions.

B.Teachers should be eager to get to the answer.

C.Teachers know how to stimulate students’ curiosity.

D.Teachers are partly to blame for students’ hating school.

【3】According to George Loewenstein’s paper, curiosity about something occurs only when you .

A.have read a lot of booksB.know little about something

C.have some related informationD.are given incomplete information

【4】What is the article mainly about?

A.Why students hate school.

B.Why curiosity is important.

C.How to stimulate curiosity.

D.What makes people hungry for knowledge.

A. that B. where C. what D. why