In 1917 Orville Wright predicted that "the aeroplane will help peace in many ways –in particular I think it will have a tendency to make war impossible.” Earlier in 1904, American journalist John Walker declared, “As a peace machine, the value of the aeroplane to the world will be beyond computation.” This wasn’t the first grand promise of technology. In that same year Jules Verne announced, “The submarine(潜艇)may be the cause of bringing battle to a stoppage.”

Alfred Nobel, sincerely believe his dynamite(火药) would be a war obstacle: “My dynamite will sooner lead to peace than a thousand world conventions(公约).” Similarly, when Hiran Maxim, inventor of the machine gun, was asked in 1893, “Will this gun not make war more terrible?” he answered, “No, it will make war impossible.” Gugliemo Mareconi, inventor of the radio, told the world in 1912. “The coming of the wireless time will make war impossible, because it will make war ridiculous.” General James Harbord, chairman of the board of RCA in 1925, believed, “Radio will serve to make the concept of Peace on Earth, Good Will Toward Men a reality.”

David Nye, a historian of technology, adds to the list of inventions imagined as abolishing war forever and leading to universal peace the hot-air balloon, poison gas, land mines and laser guns.

It is not that all these inventions are without benefits—even benefits toward democracy. Rather, it’s the case that each new technology creates more problems than it solves. “Problems are the answers to solutions,” says Brian Arthur.

Most of the new problems in the world are problems created by previous technology. These problems are nearly invisible to us. Every year 1.2 million people die in automobile accidents. The technological transportation system kills more people than cancer. Global warming, environmental poisons, nuclear terrorism, and species loss, are only a few of the many other serious problems troubling people.

If we embrace(拥抱) technology we need to face its costs.

1.What will new inventions do according to the first two paragraphs?

A. They will increase wars.

B. They will lead to peace.

C. They will serve people.

D. They will break conventions.

2.What does the author list so many inventions?

A. To show people’s creativity.

B. To appreciate their benefits.

C. To contradict the original ideas.

D. To prove grand promises.

3.What does the author hope to tell us about new technology through the text?

A. It will experience many tests.

B. It will bring about huge costs in the world.

C. It provides answers to many problems.

D. It presents more problems than it solves.

Cyclist Alain Such has been dropped from the Ingotel cycling team for two years after a positive drug test at the Institute of drug Free Sport. “ I was flabbergasted.” Said Didier Garcia, from Team Ingotel. “Alain joined our team last month and we had no idea that he was being examined.”

It’s a story that has become more and more familiar in recent years. Dr. Mohammad Farnood, a leading sports scientist from Cairo, Egypt, said, “ It is thought that some athletes will look for other ways to improve performance in addition to using drugs.”

However, it has not always been against the law. In the Olympics in 1904, Thomas Hicks won the marathon after using drugs in the middle of the race. In fact, the first one didn’t make him feel better for long, so he was given another and, as a result, he fell down soon after finishing and knew nothing. Another one may well have killed him.

Things are very different today. Some scientists are considering the possibilities of using genetic engineering to further develop athletes’ abilities. “If it works with no risk of discovering,” said Dr Farnood, “ then it’s likely to become common practice for athletes.”

Researchers are looking at the possibility of identifying “athletic” genes and correcting weak ones. Put into practice, this would make a person healthier and stronger. Once scientists understand what genes of top athletes look like , it might even become possible to identify “athletic” genes in young people, and then money could be spent on children who have the most promising genes.

“People are beginning to recognize that genetics can in many ways do good to our society, for example in saving lives and in creating better quality food for people.” Dr Farnood says. “ So, is it fair to use genetic engineering in sport? You could ask if it’s fair for some runners to use the latest scientifically developed footwear. The key question is whether it’s available to everyone.”

1.What does the underlined word “ flabbergasted” in Paragraph 1 mean ?

A. Shy . B. Proud.

C. Excited. D. Surprised.

2.What happened to Thomas Hicks in 1904 ?

A. He was badly hurt in training.

B. He broke the law when running in a race.

C. He took drugs and almost got killed.

D. He lost the match in the Olympic Games.

3.Who may show the greatest concern about using genetic engineering in sport ?

A. Didier Garcia .

B. Thomas Hicks.

C. Cyclist Alain Such .

D. Dr Mohammad Farnood.

4.What can we learn from Paragraph 5 and 6 ?

A. The possibility of identifying “athletic” genes has become available .

B. It’s not clear whether it is fair to use genetic engineering in sport.

C. The practice of using drugs in sport has a long history.

D. It’s dangerous to use drugs in sport.

Tired of traditional running? Well, maybe it’s time to try using your hands instead. That’s what Shaun McCarty and other Australians are doing — running on all fours. 1.

McCarthy, who comes from Melbourne, Australia, said he’s the one behind the term “crunning.” “It’s not crawling, it’s not running.” he said. “Crunning is a better workout than running. It puts more of an emphasis（着重）on the body than traditional running does. 2.”

McCarthy thinks that he gets much more exhausted after crunning, so he believes it must burn more calories than running.

3. Some believe crunning could result in bad shoulder injuries or broken noses.

But McCarthy is not worried. Many Melbourne residents have been seen running around on all fours. 4.In the Chinese city of Zhengzhou, crawling, a much slower version of crunning, has been a favourite activity for many years. According to some people there, the exercise is believed to date back two thousand years to the Han Dynasty.

5. Then McCarthy advises you to buy some good shoes, hand gloves and most important of all, a face mask!

A. Ready to give crunning a try?

B. As it turns out, they are not the only ones.

C. Crunning seems more difficult than traditional running.

D. It really exercises your legs and shoulders at the same time.

E. It’s part of the Internet’s latest fitness activities: “Crunning.”

F. However, many are not sure if it is the right exercise for humans.

G. He warns, however, that he can’t say whether crunning is potentially harmful.

Falling off a box car and landing on my head, I lost my sight when I was four years old. Now I am thirty-two. I can _________ remember the brightness of sunshine. It would be wonderful to see again, _________a tragedy can do strange things to people.

It _________ to me that I might not have come to love life as I do now if I hadn’t been blind. My parents and my teacher saw something _________ me , and they made me want to __________ against blindness.

The hardest _________ I had to learn was to believe in myself. If I hadn’t been able to do that, I would have ________ down and become a chair rocker for the rest of my life. When I say _________in myself I am not talking about _________ the kind of self-confidence that _________ me down an unfamiliar staircase （楼梯）alone. But I mean something bigger than that : an assurance that I am a real positive person _________ imperfections.

It took me years to obtain this ________ . It had to start with the ________ . Once a man gave me an indoor _________ . “ I can’t use this.” I said. “ Take it with you,” he ________ me , “ and roll it around.” The _________ stuck in my head. “ Roll it around !” By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought _________ . At the School for the Blind I ________ a new kind of baseball called ground ball. All my life I have set a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my _________ . I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made _________ .

1.A. randomly B. abruptly C. roughly D. completely

2.A. so B. but C. thus D. and

3.A. occurred B. referred C. brought D. turned

4.A. of B. for C. to D. in

5.A. get B. fight C. find D. drop

6.A. method B. experience C. lesson D. manner

7.A. broken B. put C. settled D. lay

8.A. courage B. ambition C. belief D. power

9.A. firmly B. simply C. fairly D. slightly

10.A. stops B. helps C. finds D. gives

11.A. despite B. besides C. without D. unlike

12.A. description B. existence C. intelligence D. recognition

13.A. intelligence B. incident C. trouble D. determination

14.A. chair B. baseball C. game D. design

15.A. urged B. blamed C. greeted D. teased

16.A. goals B. words C. baseballs D. ideas

17.A. valuable B. reasonable C. impossible D. unbearable

18.A. discovered B. equipped C. formed D. invented

19.A. limitations B. Advantages C. puzzles D. personalities

20.A. sense B. progress C. mistakes D. friends[

As is known to all, we live in a world of germs（细菌）. It is impossible to avoid exposure. Genetic makeups may give some people 1. advantage over others. However, it does not stop people from becoming sick.

All of us have been a victim of an 2.(ill) at some point in our lives. Moreover, it is likely that we 3.(get) sick again in the future. Our best chances of avoiding sickness 4.(be) by exercising and employing good 5.(habit).

While good hygiene and exercise serve as obvious advice to most people, eating 6.(healthy) is not always obvious. If you cannot define “healthy”, then your immune system will be happy 7.(tell) you. The immune system is the foundation of our health. It works for us every day to keep us well. Ask 8.(you): “Are you making its job easier 9. harder?”

Like any system, the immune system is not different. It has a tolerance too. If you eat unhealthily, your immune system will make you aware of it.

Take a step in the right direction 10. including some healthy food in your diet.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅一词；

2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Last Friday afternoon, our class was invited an old craftsman to teach us how to making dough figurines (面人). When the craftsman came into the classroom, we gave him warm welcome and two boys helped him with the tool box. First , he shows us the basic steps and skills of making dough figurines . We stood around him or watched attentively. Then we started to have a try himself. The old man walked around and helped us patient. Finally, we put the figurines we made on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman. Looking on the figurines, we were all very exciting. We hope we can have more activity of this kind!

Yuoki, a restaurant in Germany, is not your everyday all-you-can-eat buffet (自助餐）. For starters, there isn't an actual buffet to fill your plate. Instead, customers are seated at a table and provided with iPads which they can use to order up to five small dishes every ten minutes. They can eat as much as they want for 120 minutes, but having the food served at short intervals (间隔) allows diners to constantly assess how hungry they are and order accordingly, preventing food waste. Also, the owner, Luan Guoyu, believes, “our eyes are bigger than our stomach”, so not being able to see the cooked food at the buffet prevents people from ordering more food than they can actually eat.

But Luan Guoyu's most effective way of fighting food waste, and the one that has attracted media attention, is his ?1 ($1.15) fine for food still left on the plate. “It’s called ‘ all-you-can-eat’ ” he says, adding that the extra charge is not meant to increase his income, but to act as a warning against wasting food.

Luan Guoyu's system is unique in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg, but not in Germany. Okinii, a Japanese-style restaurant in Dusseldorf, has also been charging customer, the same ? 1 tax for unfinished food on their plates since 2013.

With so many people living on the edge of their nations, and food waste becoming a serious problem in developed countries, it will be interesting to see if more restaurants will start carrying out the “eat up or pay up” policy. Even if they give the money from this fine to charity, it would still help them to save money in dealing with waste, so it's a win for everyone.

1.What does the underlined word “assess” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A. Doubt. B. Realize.

C. Judge. D. Compare.

2.What will Luan Guoyu do when people can’t finish the food on their plates?

A. He will charge them extra money.

B. He will advise them to eat up the food.

C. He will ask them to take the food away.

D. He will warn them to order less food next time.

3.What is the text mainly about?

A. Various German restaurants.

B. The seriousness of food waste.

C. Secrets of managing a restaurant.

D. Special ways to fight food waste.

4.What does the author think of the “eat up or pay up” policy?

A. Unfair. B. Funny.

C. Reasonable. D. Doubtful.

I had dressed quite nicely for my first day as a student at St. Anne's College of Further Education. In celebration of this new beginning, I had changed my unusual clothes to formal clothing.

Like many young people my age, I was under the impression that the best way to show your personality was by wearing the kind of clothing that my mother considered was not fit to be seen in public. But for my first day as a student I had made an effort to look what my mother called ‘respectable’.

There were fifteen of us, sitting in the theatre hall, while the head of the drama department, Mr. Wilson, gave us a warm welcoming speech. To my horror (恐惧), he then invited us to say why we had decided to do a drama course. I had no idea what I would say. The truth was that although I had a taste for unusual clothing, I was painfully shy.

My worry grew as it came closer to my turn. One by one, the new students excitedly explained their reasons. Then it was the turn of a girl who I hadn't really noticed until that moment because I was too busy thinking about what I would say. ‘My name’s Tracy and I'm from Blackburn’, she said, and then added no further information.

Everyone smiled politely in silence but I was impressed at her bravery in saying almost nothing even under pressure (压力). I relaxed, knowing that you could get away with saying so little about yourself. It gave me confidence.

After Mr. Wilson at long last let us out of the hall to go to lunch, I managed to find the courage to go up to Tracy. She looked very unfriendly. Taking a deep breath, I introduced myself. To my surprise, she looked up at me and gave me a very bright, sweet smile. That was twenty-seven years ago, and although we never did become famous stars, we're still best friends.

1.Why did the author dress nicely for her first day at college?

A. She felt a need to dress properly.

B. She wanted to fit in with the other students.

C. She was under pressure from her mother.

D. She wanted to look like a great star.

2.Why did the author feel nervous?

A. Because she had never spoken in public

B. Because it was her turn to start first

C. Because she didn't know what to talk about

D. Because the other students were so excited

3.What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 5 refer to?

A. Tracy also seemed extremely worried.

B. Tracy hadn't said very much.

C. The other students reacted politely to Tracy.

D. All attention was on Tracy.

In an effort to discourage people from using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products.

The idea of using seaweed（海草） to make eco-friendly water bottles has been around for a few years. Recently, Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled. As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down, though they would be perfectly safe to eat. Ari Jonsson's bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones.

The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future. Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons. After the success of his spoons, Mr. Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu. His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste, which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world. It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down, and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it.

Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment, this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy. Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home, possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends. Why not experiment and create your own recipes?

1.Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?

A. To make people's life more convenient.

B. To show off their inventive talents.

C. To change the way we picnic outside.

D. To reduce the amount of plastic waste.

2.What makes Art Jonsson's water bottles eco-friendly?

A. They can be made at home.

B. They are cheap to produce and buy.

C. They will hold their shape when they are filled.

D. They will break down themselves when empty.

3.What do Ari and Narayana's inventions have in common?

A. They are convenient to carry.

B. They are safe to eat.

C. They can be used for a short time.

D. They are heavier than plastics.

4.What can be inferred from this passage?

A. Home-made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular.

B. Eatable cutlery will completely replace plastics in the near future.

C. No recycling companies can break down plastic waste.

D. It's unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home.

Two men were sitting together in a plane. They were on a long journey. One of the men was a businessman. The other was a farmer. They sat without talking for a while, then the farmer said, “Let’s do something to pass the time.”

“What do you want to do?” the businessman asked. “We can ask each other riddles.” The farmer said, “you star.” “Let’s make the rules first,” the businessman said. “That’s not fair. You are a businessman with much knowledge. You know more things than I do. I am just a farmer.”

“That’s true.” The businessman said. “What do you want we should do?” “If you don’t know the answer to a riddle, you pay me $100. And if I don’t know the answer, I’ll pay you $50.” The farmer said. The businessman thought about this, then he said, “OK. That’s fair. Who will go first?”

“I will,” The farmer said. “Here is my riddle. What has three legs when it walks, but only two legs when it flies?” The business man repeated the riddle, “What has three legs when it walks, but only two legs when it flies? Mm, that’s a good one. I’m afraid I don’t know the answer.” He gave the farmer $100, then said, “Tell me the answer. What has three legs when it walks, but only two legs when it flies?” “I don’t know.” The farmer said and gave him $50.

1.The story happened______. .

A. on a farm B. in a shop

C. before a long plane journey D. between two passengers

2.What does the word “riddle” mean in this story?

A. A difficult question to find the answer to

B. Something to help to make rules

C. Something to win money

D. a kind of game in doing business

3.Why did the businessman agree to give more money if he lost?

A. He made much more money than the farmer

B. He thought he knew more than the farmer

C. He was interested in making riddles

D. He was better at playing riddle games

4.The farmer________. .

A. enjoyed himself on his long journey

B. didn’t want to pay even one dollar

C. spent all his money on the plane ticket

D. won fifty dollars by playing the riddle game