Countries may be ranked by many various groups, such as how expensive or interesting they are to foreign tourists. They can also be ranked by their openness and friendliness toward visitors. You might be shocked to find out that, for example, the USA is number 102 on the list of the least welcoming places, 140 being the most unfriendly land.

Mongolia

Mongolia was closed for quite some time and opened up to foreigners only 20 years ago. That’s probably the major reason why it is not yet experienced enough in hosting tourists. The country is beautiful, with huge spacious areas of land that are low populated. There local people are not yet used to being visited by foreign guests.

Slovakia

There are, undoubtedly, pluses as well as minuses in every country. Slovakia is not the perfect destination for a couple of reasons. First and foremost, Slovakia is becoming more and more similar to the rest of European countries surrounding it. Sameness is not the best quality. As a rule, tourists want to travel and see things they have never seen before. It is good that the land’s countryside is still unique, although it is also being commercialized day by day.

Iran

Iran is not the best place to travel to. It is located close to Pakistan with its negative political atmosphere. Western visitors are not welcome over there and embassies (大使馆) advise against traveling to Iran. The population, contrary to the country’s government, consists of very friendly and welcoming people.

Kuwait

In Kuwait people are warm and friendly. It has a unique history, plenty of traditions and customs. People respect their culture and are very religious. It is a Muslim country, which means that you are not allowed to drink alcohol. If you happen to visit Kuwait during Ramadan, you will not be allowed to eat in public places, either.

Russia

Russia is truly a special place. It is definitely worth visiting. What you might not find attractive is the corruption and bureaucracy (官僚主义) that rule in some certain official circles. Another nuisance you should be ready for is that, as a visitor, you’ll be asked to receive an invitation. Only then will you be able to apply for a visa. Once you arrive in Russia, you’ll be warmly greeted and accepted by the local people.

1.You’ll meet friendly people in the following countries except in _____.

A. Iran

B. Kuwait

C. Mongolia

D. Russia

2.Which of the statements is true according to the text?

A. You can apply for a visa for Russia at will.

B. If you’re fond of drinking, then Kuwait is not an ideal destination.

C. You’re not advised to travel in Iran due to its high cost.

D. Mongolia is a beautiful country with much experience in hosting tourists.

3.Where does this passage probably come from?

A. A news report

B. A lecture speech

C. An advertisement

D. A text book

Younger students experience school bullying (欺凌) more frequently than older ones, and male students are bullied more than their female peers, a survey found.

It also found that nearly half of students had been intentionally hit or knocked down by classmates. About 6 percent said they are targeted by bullies on campus every day. The survey also found that students from ordinary schools experienced more bullying than peers from key institutions, and children from poor families are more likely to be bullied at school.

Being bullied can have a negative impact on a child’s personal development and academic performance, according to Zhou Jinyan, a researcher who led the study at Beijing Normal University. “Children being bullied will find it hard to trust others,” Zhou said. “They may often feel anxiety, anger, resentment or depression. These emotions will further undermine their ability to control their own life.”

In recent years, bullying on Chinese campuses has been frequently reported and has attracted widespread attention and concern. The most recent incident to arouse heated discussions took place in December at Beijing’s Zhongguancun No.2 Primary School. A fourth-grade student was bullied and laughed at by classmates, causing him acute stress disorder.

The Supreme People’s Procuratorate (最高人民检察院) received about 1,900 cases related to school bullying in 2016. Meanwhile, there was a notable increase in bullying reports involving middle school students from 14 to 18 years old.

Zhou came up with some ways to solve the problem, including boosting communication between teachers, parents and students and trying to establish more harmonious relationships among children. She said it was strongly suggested that parents try to be involved in their children’s educational experience, as their presence and companionship have proved effective in reducing bullying and its negative effects.

1.Who is the most likely to become the target of bullying?

A. A 10-year-old girl from a key school

B. A 10-year-old boy from a poor family

C. A 17-year-old boy from a rich family

D. A 17-year-old girl from an ordinary school

2.Being bullied will cause students to go through the following EXCEPT _____.

A. a drop in academic performance

B. a lack of trust in other people

C. a drop in the sense of depression

D. a lack of confidence in themselves

3.We can learn from the text that _____.

A. bullying at school usually leads to acute stress disorder

B. bullying on campus has been brought into sharp focus by the media

C. students who enjoy parents’ companionship will be bullying-free

D. the government should consider taking further action against bullying at school

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A. Bullying affects half of students

B. Negative effects on children caused by bullying

C. Is anything we can do about bullying?

D. The reasons for bullying on campus

You open your eyes and mouth wide if you see a live rat in your bedroom but you wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyes if you see a dead one in the road. Why is that? Facial expressions are usually thought of as simple tools of communication. But in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, Charles Darwin proposed that they may prepare us to react to different situations when he noticed that some expressions seemed to be used across cultures and even species. Now Joshua Susskind and his colleagues at the University of Toronto, Canada, have put that idea to the test.

Susskind’s team wondered whether the expressions of fear might improve how sensory (感官的) information is acquired and so sharpen senses. Conversely disgust (厌恶) might weaken the senses, sheltering us from unpleasant sights and smells.

The researchers asked volunteers to complete various tests while holding a fearful, disgusted or neutral expression. In one test, they had to identify when a spot entered their sight. In another they were required to shift their focus as quickly as possible between two targets on a computer screen. It was also measured how much air the volunteers breathed in while expressing fear and disgust.

In each case the wide-eyed faces let significantly more of the world in. Volunteers with wide-open eyes detected surrounding objects more quickly and performed side-to-side eye movements faster. They also took in more air with each breath without any extra effort. An MRI (核磁共振) scan showed the nasal cavity (鼻腔) was enlarged while volunteers held this expression, which could be linked with a greater ability to absorb smells.

“These changes confer the idea that fear, for example, is a posture towards sensory sharpening while disgust a posture towards sensory rejection,” says Susskind. His team is already at work on experiments to explore to what extent the brain can use this extra information to enhance performance.

1.Charles Darwin’s book proposed that facial expressions might _____.

A. act as a simple tool of communication

B. get people ready to the changes of circumstances

C. be difficult to understand in different cultures

D. equip people with the knowledge of other species

2.In Joshua Susskind’s research, the researchers _____.

A. wondered whether there existed other expressions of fear

B. wanted subjects to use facial expressions to complete tests

C. wanted to test how much air subjects breathed in normally

D. wondered whether expressions of disgust weakened our senses

3.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means that _____.

A. wide-eyed expressions would help you understand the world better

B. facial expressions might result in faster eye movements

C. wide-eyed expressions would help people breathe in more air

D. facial expressions might help people notice more things around

4.In the last paragraph, what might be the new thinking of facial expressions?

A. They might tell the brain how to make use of the facial information.

B. They might explain why people consider fear as a posture towards sharper senses.

C. They might provide extra information to brains thus enhancing performance.

D. They might clarify the relationship between brain and environments.

Punctuation (标点) Is for Clarity

When you talk, you do not depend upon words alone to tell your listener what you mean. 1. You shrug a shoulder, raise an eyebrow, clasp hands, bend forward or backward, stamp your foot, nod or shake your head. These body languages may vary from culture to culture but they do help the speakers to convey meanings. 2. You yell or whisper; speak calmly or angrily; lower or raise your voice at the end of a statement or a question. Meaning in talk is also affected by pauses and silence, which are often as significant as words themselves. 3.

Similarly, when we write, we cannot expect words alone to make clear to our reader what we have in mind. The pauses, stresses and gestures which occur in speech must be represented in writing by various marks of punctuation if meaning is to be fully clear. 4.

Punctuation came into existence only for the purpose of making clear the meaning of writing words. Every mark of punctuation is a sort of road sign provided to help the reader along his way.5. It is harmful or ineffective if it interrupts the flow of thought from your mind to that of your readers.

A. Each of us has probably seen a skilled actor convey ideas and moods without using any words at all.

B. The practice of punctuation, however, has been changing in the last two centuries.

C. Facial and body gestures can and do add much to the words themselves.

D. The needs of the eye are quite different from those of the ear.

E. Additionally, the tones and stress of your voice can and do influence the meanings of words you speak.

F. Punctuation began to become standard in the middle of the 19th century.

G. Punctuation is effective if it helps the reader to understand.

Many years ago, my father suffered from a serious heart condition. He was put on _______ disability and was unable to work at a steady job.

However, he wanted to do something to keep himself ______, so he decided to volunteer at the local children ______. My dad loved kids. It was the ______ job for him. He would talk to them and play with them. Sometimes, he would ______ one of these kids. In certain instance, he would tell the sad parents that he would soon be able to ______ their children in heaven and that he would take care of them until they got there. His assurance seemed to help those parents with their ______.

One of these kids was a girl who had been admitted with a rare disease that paralyzed (瘫痪) her from the neck down. She could do ______ and she was very ______. My dad decided to help her. He started ______ her in her room, bringing paints, brushes and paper. He stood the paper up ______ a backing, put the paintbrush in his mouth and began to paint. He didn’t use his ______ at all. All the while he would tell her: See, you can do ______ you set your mind to.

____, she began to paint using her ______, and she and my dad became friends. Soon after, the little girl was discharged (出院) and my dad also left the hospital because he became ______. Sometime later after my dad had ______ and returned to work, he was at the volunteer counter of the hospital one day. He noticed the front door open. In came the little girl who had been paralyzed; only this time she was walking. On seeing my dad, she ______ straight over to him and gave him a ______ she had done using her hands. At the bottom it read: thank you for helping me walk.

My dad would say sometimes love is more powerful than ______, and my dad, who died just a few months after the little girl gave him the picture loved every single child in that hospital.

1.A. permanent B. temporary C. mild D. slight

2.A. confident B. comfortable C. wealthy D. occupied

3.A. center B. hospital C. park D. camp

4.A. normal B. perfect C. awkward D. tiring

5.A. protect B. teach C. lose D. miss

6.A. bury B. praise C. spot D. accompany

7.A. sadness B. happiness C. nervousness D. forgiveness

8.A. anything B. nothing C. Everything D. something

9.A. disappointed B. bored C. depressed D. embarrassed

10.A. visiting B. observing C. avoiding D. contacting

11.A. on B. in C. over D. against

12.A. eyes B. neck C. hands D. head

13.A. whoever B. whatever C. wherever D. whenever

14.A. Gradually B. Briefly C. Suddenly D. Naturally

15.A. hands B. feet C. fingers D. mouth

16.A. better B. worse C. healthier D. fitter

17.A. took out B. turned away C. picked up D. knocked over

18.A. ran B. wheeled C. slid D. turned

19.A. card B. picture C. note D. photo

20.A. words B. exercise C. faith D. medicine

Long before Barack Obama became president of the United States, he wrote a book 1. (call) Dream from My Father: A Story of Race and Inheritance, which has since become 2. bestseller. It is an 3. (appeal) book that includes what he went through during 4. (he) childhood. Obama has little contact with his father 5. roots were in Kenya because he left home when Obama was very young. His mother got married 6. a student from Indonesia shortly after the family moved to Jakarta. A few years later, Obama came back with his grandparents to Hawaii, where he 7. (attend) a private high school. 8. (study) at Columbia in New York City, he then entered Harvard Law School. This autobiography also touches 9. (heavy) on Obama’s exposure to racism. Readers will find his reflections of childhood 10. (experience) which involved racial discrimination to be especially moving.

1.Even the most gifted can have c_____ (信心) destroyed by the wrong instructor.

2.Johnston’s name was obviously a_____(缺席) from the list.

3.The mother b_____(弯腰) over and kissed the baby on her cheek.

4.They cannot cope with the huge cost a_____(积累) over the past few years.

5.He f_____(原谅) her for what she had said to him.

6.The little girl kept her eyes f_____(注视) on the wall behind him.

7.It is very c_____(考虑周到的) of you to send me a postcard.

8.After a long h_____(犹豫), he told the truth at last.

9.Their p_____(目的) is to build a fair society and a strong economy.

10.A_____(调整) your tie is often a sign of nervousness.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏子符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

For many people, music has always been part of life, and they listen to music on radio, on iPod and on Internet. As is vividly showing in the picture, the music fan is trying to download songs he enjoys. But the website requires payment first every time he wanted to download something, that annoys him. How he wishes the music is all free!

Many people are used to free music being downloaded from the Internet without realizing they have done harm for others’ right. Music artists work very hardly to compose music. If not paid, he will lose enthusiasm to go ahead, and gradually we will find beautiful musics nowhere.

从2016年底以来，共享单车突然就在国内火爆起来。重庆的街头巷尾也随处可见小黄车的身影，确为大家带来了许多便利。可存取不限的共享单车也可谓命运多舛：被恶意破坏，刷漆据为己有，关进自家走廊不让别人用等不良现象也屡屡被媒体曝光。学生作为共享单车主要的使用群体之一，请分享你对此现象的看法。

内容提示：1. 共享单车的现状和问题

2. 你对这些问题的看法

3. 你的建议

注意：(1)词数100字左右；

(2)符合语言规范，行文连贯。

备用词汇：shared bicycle 共享单车

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