One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.

In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions(规定) was the 1994 "Toubon law" in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.

It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the "purity" of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.

The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon-------especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.

1.Neville Alexander believes that __________.

A. mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countries

B. globalization has resulted in the economic failure of Africa

C. globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trend

D. lack of mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure

2.The underlined word "futile" (in paragraph 2) most probably means " ___________".

A. workable B. practical

C. useless D. unnecessary

3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. English has taken over fields like public communication and education.

B. Many aspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.

C. Most language experts believe it is important to promote a national language.

D. Europeans have long realized the need to protect a national language.

4.The best title for the passage is __________.

A. Fighting against the rule of English

B. Protecting local languages and identities

C. Globalization and multi-language trend

D. To maintain the purity of language by law

Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment. Children’s relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school, and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school, becoming depressed and other problems.

Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child’s Play

When 6?year?old Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning, her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie. “Though they were only separated by a weekend, the girls ran right into each other’s arms and hugged,” recalls Rachel’s mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert. “It was like a scene from a movie.”

Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their child. Experts agree that friendship is not simply child’s play, but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.

A Skill for Life

“Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood,” says Dr.Robbie Adler?Tapia, psychologist with the Center for Children’s Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.

Researcher William Hartup states, “Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior, but rather, how well a child gets along with other children.

The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids while the lack of friends is detrimental.

Good Friendships Don’t Just Happen

Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish high?quality friendships. But, researchers warn, these friendships don’t necessarily just happen. Often, a good friendship begins with involved parents.

Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.

Bad Company

Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their child’s friendships. “When she was in 1st grade, her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her,” says Mindy Miller. “My daughter wasn’t allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class. It really crushed her spirit. I told my daughter she didn’t need a ‘friend’ like that.”

“I’ll bend over backwards(拼命) to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him,” Adler?Tapia says. “I don’t look at it as manipulation (操纵)，just positive parental involvement.”

1.The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to indicate that ________.

A. childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth

B. a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems

C. it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life

D. Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend

2.The underlined word “detrimental” could be replaced by ________.

A. aggressive B. disappointing C. ridiculous D. harmful

3.We can learn from the passage that high?quality friendship most probably results from ________.

A. social skills and good study habits

B. school grades and classroom behaviors

C. academic success and social adaptation

D. positive parental involvement and social skills

4.From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr.Robbie Adler?Tapia agrees that ________.

A. parents should regard making friends as something that just happens

B. it’s wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships

C. parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult social situations

D. parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can

We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change: Use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more—doing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets.

Not long ago, my wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change. Scientists have reported recently that the world is bending up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we don't keep reducing emissions(排放) of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere.

We decided to try an experiment. For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2. We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet. The average US household(家庭) produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common-place things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars. That's more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses. But how much should we try to reduce?

For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man is Changing the Climate and What it Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting(融化) of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. "To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent," he said.

Good advice, I thought. I'd opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind. We'd gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock. I'd almost forgotten the windows even opened. We should not let this happen again. It's time for us to change our habits if necessary.

1.Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?

A. To take special kinds of food.

B. To respond to climate change.

C. To lose weight.

D. To improve their health.

2.The underlined words "tipping points" most probably refer to ________.

A. freezing points B. burning points

C. melting points D. boiling points

3.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

A. it is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the time

B. it seems possible for every household to cut emissions of CO2

C. the average US household produces about 3,000 pounds of CO2 a month

D. the average European household produces about 1,000 pounds of CO2 a month

The measure of a man's real character is what he would do if he knew he would never be found out.

—Thomas Macaulay

Some thirty years ago, I was studying in a public school in New York. One day, Mrs. Nanette O'Neill gave an arithmetic ________ to our class. When the papers were marked she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the ________ mistakes throughout the test.

There is nothing really new about ________ in exams. Perhaps that was why Mrs. O'Neill_________ even say a word about it. She only asked the twelve boys to ________ after class. I was one of the twelve.

Mrs. O'Neill asked ________ questions, and she didn't ________ us either. Instead, she wrote on the blackboard the ________ words by Thomas Macaulay. She then ordered us to ________ these words into our exercise-books one hundred times.

I don't ________ about the other eleven boys. Speaking for ________ I can say: it was the most important single ________ of my life. Thirty years after being introduced to Macaulay's words, they ________ seem to me the best yardstick(准绳), because they give us a ________ to measure ourselves rather than others.

________ of us are asked to make ________ decisions about nations going to war or armies going to battle. But all of us are called upon daily to make a great many personal decisions. ________ the wallet, found in the street, be put into a pocket_________ turned over to the policeman? Should the ________ change received at the store be forgotten or returned? Nobody will know except ________. But you have to live with yourself, and it is always better to live with someone you respect.

1.A. paper B. problem C. test D. lesson

2.A. easy B. funny C. same D. serious

3.A. lying B. cheating C. guessing D. discussing

4.A. didn't B. did C. would D. wouldn't

5.A. come B. leave C. apologize D. remain

6.A. no B. certain C. many D. more

7.A. excuse B. reject C. help D. scold

8.A. following B. common C. above D. unusual

9.A. repeat B. copy C. put D. get

10.A. worry B. know C. hear D. talk

11.A. myself B. ourselves C. themselves D. herself

12.A. chance B. incident C. lesson D. memory

13.A. even B. almost C. always D. still

14.A. way B. sentence C. choice D. reason

15.A. All B. Few C. Some D. None

16.A. quick B. wise C. great D. personal

17.A. Would B. Must C. Should D. Need

18.A. and B. or C. then D. but

19.A. extra B. small C. some D. necessary

20.A. me B. us C. you D. them

Americans are obsessed (着迷的) with telling their life stories. This phenomenon isn’t simply the product of the technological world. 1. People are eager to tell stories and are fascinated by those of others. Even at preschool, “sharing time” is a common Monday-morning activity where the teenagers will sit in a circle and take turns telling a story about something they did over the weekend.

2. In many Asian countries, talking about and drawing attention to oneself can be seen as socially inappropriate. People are often unwilling to share their life stories and do not encourage others to do so. But there are also times Asians do share their stories. 3. Asians believe that a person is largely decided by his or her social status and relationships, leaving little reason to broadcast detailed and revealing personal stories to establish a unique self.

Ironically, the more unique Americans strive to be, the greater their need to feel connected with others. In their culture of individuality, relationships are highly mobile and can be easily formed or dissolved(破裂).

Sharing personal stories brings them closer through the exchange of thoughts, feelings and desires. 4. But this motivation is not nearly as strong among Asians, for whom social relations are generally unconditional, obligatory(义不容辞的) and stable, and therefore require little maintenance(维护).

5. American parents encourage children to share their stories and create opportunities to re-experience the past with children. Asian parents, by contrast, engage their children in telling personal stories less frequently. When they do talk about a child’s experiences, they are not particularly concerned with parent-child bonding but tend to focus on disciplining the child.

A. They tend to focus more on outer facts than personal details.

B. It helps them shape their “selves” and makes them who they are.

C. Interestingly, this obsession is not necessarily shared in other cultures.

D. Talking about personal stories is to cheer people on with positive feelings.

E. It connects them like many different points, holding their society together.

F. Sharing personal stories is also an essential part in everyday conversations.

G. Parents in America and Asia differ in how they share memories with children.

假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。

More and more foreigners like to come to China. Last Friday our school was invited a foreign teacher in our city give a class to the students of Senior Grade Two. We found his class interested. I learned a lot from him. The teacher had a free talk to us with easy English. He spoke slow so that we could understand him well. Sometimes he repeated what we don’t understand. My classmates were all active in the class. To his joy, I understood everything the teacher said. And I was able to ask question in English. This class encouraged me very much. I’m sure that until we keep on practicing, it will be easy for us to learn speaking English well.

假如你是李华，是美国某所学校的交换生，你几天前在美国的一个商店买的手机坏了。请你根据以下提示，给该商店客服发一封电子邮件。

(1)写作目的；

(2)具体问题：如手机黑屏，不能重启等；

(3)解决办法：如维修，更换新手机等。

注意：(1)词数在100字左右；

(2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

(3)开头语已为你写好。

Dear Sir or Madam,

My name is Li Hua, an exchange student from China.______________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

It is easier to float in the ocean than it is to float in a swimming pool. Do you know why?

Ocean water is full of salt— and salt water can hold up more weight than fresh water. See for yourself!

You Will Need:

● 3 cups of warm water

● Measuring cup

● Wide-mouthed jar

● Salt

● Spoon

● Raw potato

You Will Do:

1. Pour 1.5 cups of warm water into the jar.

2. Add 1/3 cup of salt.

3. Stir(搅拌) until the salt is completely dissolved.

4. Add another 1.5 cups of water. Pour it slowly over the back of the spoon into the jar so that the two liquid will not mix together.

5. Gently place the potato into the jar. Do not drop it.

What Will Happen:

The potato will sink— but only halfway!

Why?

Salt water is heavier than fresh water, so it will stay on the bottom. The fresh water will remain on top.

The potato is heavier than the fresh water, but it is lighter than the salt water. That is why the potato will sink halfway down.

1.In which step of the experiment do you add the salt?

A. Step 1. B. Step 2.

C. Step 3. D. Step 4.

2.In Step 4 of the experiment, why do you pour the water over the spoon “slowly”?

A. It is easier to see what you are doing.

B. It pushes the fresh water to the bottom.

C. It will keep the water from coming out.

D. It will keep the liquids from mixing together.

3.In the experiment, what should you do right after you pour the water over the spoon?

A. Add the salt to the water. B. Stir the salt into the water.

C. Place the potato in the jar. D. Pour warm water into the jar.

In 1971 a young man who grew up very poor was travelling across the country, trying to make a new start for himself. Along the way he had completely run out of(用光) money and was forced to spend the night in his car. This continued until one morning, after a week of sleeping in his car, he walked nervously into a restaurant and ordered a big breakfast.

After eating his first good meal in weeks, he found himself lying to the waiter, telling him he had lost his wallet. The waiter, who was also the owner, walked behind the chair where the young man had been sitting. He bent down, and came up with a $20 bill that looked as if it had fallen on the floor and said, “Son, you must have dropped this,” the owner said. The young man couldn’t believe his luck! He quickly paid for the breakfast, left a tip, bought gas with the change, and headed West.

On the way out of town, he began to understand what the owner did.Maybe nobody dropped the money at all. “Maybe that fellow just knew I was in trouble and he helped me in a way that didn’t embarrass(使尴尬) me. So I just made a promise to help other people if I can.”

Later, he worked very hard and became a rich man. Now he lives near Kansas City. Each year he gives away thousands of dollars. He is known as the “Secret Santa” because at Christmas time each year, he personally hands money out to those on the street and at restaurants. Last year, he gave more than $50,000 away in Kansas City.

1.The young man was travelling across the country in 1971 to ________.

A. look for a good restaurant B. improve his life

C. show his new car to others D. hand out dollars

2.The underline sentence implies that the young man got to know that ________.

A. it was very lucky of him to get his lost money back.

B. it was very honest of the owner to return his money

C. the owner helped him in a way that didn’t hurt his feeling

D. another person who had breakfast in the restaurant lost the money

3.From the end of the passage we can learn that ________.

A. the man did carry out his promise

B. the man was not successful in the end

C. the owner was paid back the money

D. Santa give the man money each year

4.The message of the story is“________”.

A. One good turn deserves another

B. Where there is a will，there is a way

C. He who travels far knows much

D. Give love wings(翅膀) and it may fly higher

When I was nine years old, I loved to go fishing with my dad. But the only thing that wasn’t very fun about it was that he could catch many fish while I couldn’t catch anything. I usually got pretty upset and kept asking him why. He always answered, “Son, if you want to catch a fish, you have to think like a fish”, I remember being even more upset then because, “I’m not a fish!” I didn’t know how to think like a fish. Besides, I reasoned, how could what I think influence what a fish does.

As I got a little older I began to understand what my dad really meant. So, I read some books on fish. And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the monthly meetings. I learned that a fish is a cold-blooded animal and therefore is very sensitive to water temperature. That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer. Besides, water is usually warmer in direct sunlight than in the shade. Yet, fish don’ t have any eyelids(眼皮) and the sun hurts their eyes… The more I understood fish, the more I became effective at finding and catching them.

When I grew up and entered the business world, I remember hearing my first boss say, “We all need to think like sales people.” But it didn’t completely make sense. My dad never once said, “If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was, “You need to think like a fish.” Years later, with great efforts to promote long-term services to people much older and richer than me, I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers. It is not an easy job. I will show you how in the following chapters.

1.Why was the author upset in fishing trips when he was nine?

A. He could not catch a fish.

B. His father was not patient with him.

C. His father did not teach him fishing.

D. He could not influence a fish as his father did.

2.According to the author, fish are most likely to be found _________.

A. in deep water on sunny days

B. in deep water on cloudy days

C. in shallow water under sunlight

D. in shallow water under waterside trees.

3.After entering the business world, the author found _________.

A. it easy to think like a customer

B. his father’s fishing advice inspiring

C. his first boss’s sales ideas reasonable

D. it difficult to sell services to poor people

4.This passage most likely comes from _________.

A. a fishing guide

B. a popular sales book

C. a novel on childhood

D. a millionaire’s biography(自传）