2．casual非正式的.随便的,偶然的.不经意的．——青夏教育精英家教网—

2．casual非正式的，随便的；偶然的，不经意的．

1．There was a time when a trip to the supermarket in the United States often ended with a seemingly simple question from the cashier："Paper or plastic？"Well，which type of bag would you choose？
While all types of bags have some influence on the environment，it has long been supposed that paper bags are kinder．They are made from a renewable source，break down easily，burn without giving off thick smoke and can be recycled．However，the producing process behind paper bags uses more energy than that of plastic ones．How can this be true？
Studies show that paper bag production requires four times as much energy as plastic bag production．And the amount of water used to make them is twenty times higher．Besides，the influence on forests is very serious．It takes about fourteen million trees to produce ten billion paper bags，which happens to be the number of bags used in the United States yearly．In terms of recycling，the idea that paper bags are more environment-friendly than plastic ones can be quickly discarded．Research shows it requires about 98% less energy to recycle plastic than it does paper．
Even though paper bags might be more harmful than plastic ones，plastic still seems to be considered by governments as the more harmful of the two．In Ireland，for example，a tax has been introduced to discourage the use of plastic bags．People have to pay 22 cents for every plastic bag，and as a result，their use has dropped quickly．
There's no doubt that it makes more sense to reuse these bags．However，we don't seem to be doing that at present．That may be because they fall apart quickly．If so，cloth bags are a better choice，but still，their production also has a bad influence on the environment．So what to do？How should we answer the question of"Paper or plastic？"It seems that we first need to ask ourselves one more general question："What can I do to help the environment？"

32．The questions in Paragraph 1are used toC．
A．express the author's doubts
B．tell readers how to save money
C．introduce points for discussion
D．show the kindness of the cashier
33．Compared with plastic bags，paper bagsA．
A．need more water to produce
B．require less energy to recycle
C．take more time to break down
D．have less influence on forests
34．The underlined word"discarded"in Paragraph 3probably means"B"．
A．shared
B．given up
C．discussed
D．put forward
35．Which question does the author probably hope the cashier will ask？D
A．Paper or cloth？
B．Paper or plastic？
C．A small bag or big one？
D．A new bag or your own one？

20．When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn't sit quietly．Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and lan Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get．These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm．What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short．
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked．It's a plant's way of crying out．But is anyone listening？Apparently．Because we can watch the neighbours react．
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away．But others do double duty．They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers．Once they arrive，the tables are turned ．The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch．
In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors．The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do．
Does this mean that plants talk to each other？Scientists don't know．Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches，and so，in effect，was talking to itself．Perhaps the neighbors just happened to"overhear"the cry．So information was exchanged，but it wasn't a true，intentional back and forth．
Charles Darwin，over 150years ago，imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate（亲密的） than the world we can see and hear．Our senses are weak．There's a whole lot going on．

32．What does a plant do when it is under attack？D
A．It makes noises．
B．It gets help from other plants．
C．It stands quietly．
D．It sends out certain chemicals．
33．What does the author mean by"the tables are turned"in paragraph 3？A
A．The attackers get attacked．
B．The insects gather under the table．
C．The plants get ready to fight back．
D．The perfumes attract natural enemies．
34．Scientists find from their studies that plants canB．
A．predict natural disasters
B．protect themselves against insects
C．talk to one another intentionally
D．help their neighbors when necessary
35．What can we infer from the last paragraph？C
A．The word is changing faster than ever．
B．People have stronger senses than before
C．The world is more complex than it seems
D．People in Darwin's time were more imaginative．

19．Terrafugia Inc．said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year．The vehicle---named the Transition-has two seats and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car．The Transition，which flew at 1，400feet for eight minutes last month，can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115in the flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and bums 5 gallons per hour in the air．On the ground，it gets 35miles per gallon．
Around 100 people have already put down a﹩10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale，and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show．But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways．It's expected to cost﹩279，000．And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic．The car needs a runway．
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann，an airline industry expert．But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality．The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly．The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards．
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those pilots of larger planes Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet．

28．What is the first paragraph mainly about？A
A．The basic data of the Transition．
B．The advantages of flying cars．
C．The potential market for flying cars．
D．The designers of the Transition．
29．Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways？C
A．It causes traffic jams．
B．It is difficult to operate．
C．It is very expensive．
D．It bums too much fuel．
30．What is the government's attitude to the development of the flying car？B
A．Cautious．
B．Favorable．
C．Ambiguous．
D．Disapproving．
31．What is the best title for the text？D
A．Flying Car at Auto Show B．The Transition's Fist Flight
C．Pilots'Dream Coming True D．Flying Car Closer to Reality．

18．Most people go to a doctor in their own town or suburb （郊区）．But people in the Australian outback can't get to a doctor quickly．The nearest doctor is sometimes hundreds of kilometers away so they have to call him on a two-way radio．This special doctor is called the"flying doctor"．He visits sick people by plane．[来源：
When someone is very sick，the doctor has to fly to the person's home．His plane lands on a flat piece of ground near the person's house．Sometimes the doctor has to take the patient to hospital．Flying doctors take about 8，600 people to hospital each year．
However，most of the time the person isn't very sick，and the doctor doesn't have to visit．He can give advice on the radio from the office at the flying doctor center．He can tell the patient to use some medicine from a special medicine chest （箱子）．There is one of these chests in every home in the outback．Each bottle，tube （管子） and packet （包） in the chest has a number．The doctor often says something like this，"take two tablets （药片） from bottle 5every four hours．"

31．Some people in the Australian outback can't get to a doctor quickly．BecauseC
A．there are few doctors there
B．there is always heavy traffic on the road
C．the nearest doctor is sometimes very far away from them
D．they don't want to see a doctor
32．The word"outback"in the passage probably meansB．
A．downtown
B．the part of a country far away from cities
B．forest
D．market-place
33．The doctor there usually goes to visit his patientD．
A．by sea         B．in a car       C．on foot        D．by plane
34．If the person isn't very sick，the doctor onlyA．
A．gives him some advice              B．tells him what food to eat
C．tells him to have a rest              D．gives him some medicine
35．From the passage we know thatD．
A．people in Australia are seldom ill
B．there are very few hospitals in Australia
C．a"flying doctor"is a man who flies people to hospital
D．every family in the outback has a special medicine chest．

17．Knowing the best way to study will help you to be a better student．By using your time properly，you can do your homework more quickly．Learning to study is not difficult．
The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn．It doesn't mean that you must always like the subject．It does mean，however，that you must be willing to do whatever is necessary to learn．Try to understand why it is important and how it will help you now and later to do and learn other things．Knowing mathematics facts will be useful in your whole life．Knowing how to spell makes any kind of writing easier．Sometimes subject that you think is going to be uninteresting will be exciting when you begin to work at it and understand it more clearly．Learning things can be fun if you are willing to work with them．
Here's some advice for you：have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study，so that you can concentrate on your study without interruptions； have everything ready before you sit down to study，a dictionary，paper，a pen and books； be sure you understand what you should learn before you start； read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things； when memorizing，first find out the main parts and then recite the whole thing； check your homework after you finish it； never forget the importance of review and preview．

24．What will help us to be a better student？A
A．knowing what is the best way to learn．
B．Using your tie properly
C．Doing your homework quickly．
D．Always liking all the subject
25．If you want to learn better，the first thing you should do is thatB
A．you must always like the subject
B．you must be glad to do whatever is necessary to learn．
C．you must have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study．
D．you must have everything ready before you sit down to study．
26．Which of the following is NOT the advice given in the article？C
A．To focus on what you are studying．
B．To review and preview．
C．To study at a quiet place for a whole day．
D．To pay attention to the most important things．

16．Tom had been sick too，so it's more thanlikely（like ） that you caught it from him．

15．This is actually a veryentertaining（entertain） book telling people serious health messages．

14．Thousands of patients havebenefited（beneficial） from this new treatment．

13．With yourpermission（允许），I will send a copy of this letter to the doctor．

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