6．Do you always experience tired eyes at an even more frequent rate?What if your eyes are in such a ——青夏教育精英家教网—

6．Do you always experience tired eyes at an even more frequent rate？What if your eyes are in such a kind of condition？There is no need to worry about it because it is so common nowadays．On the contrary，you should find the factors and then seek some appropriate treatments for them．
Some folks don't wish to waste even a second at work，even to blink （眨眼）for a fraction of a second．Staring constantly at the screen can cause stress to one's eyes．Sitting and staring at the television screen for hours can also make the eyes tired．
Bookworms love reading and they will make sure they read much more than their bodies can deal with．The desire to finish a book may result in fast reading，without taking breaks，which can lead to tired eyes．Continuous reading in dim light can also cause pressure to the eyes．
Decreased water intake and overindulgence （过度放纵）in salt-based junk food items like burgers，pizzas，etc．also play a role in causing tired eyes．These junk food items do not furnish the body with the required essential nutrients，thus causing a lack of vitamins，which also has an effect on tired eyes．
Stress at the workplace or at home and a noisy sleeping environment cannot bring enough sleep at night．Lack of sleep causes the eyes to become heavy．Dark circles are also seen to develop if one doesn't get sufficient sleep over a period of time．
Even though this condition is not fatal，it is stressful for the health of the body，and must be treated．If not treated on time，the condition can become worse and result in double or blurred vision．Here are some ways to treat the tired eye condition．
Every hour during your day at work，spend a minute relaxing your eyes．Look away from your computer screen and roll your eyes in both directions．Try and blink more often．Look around the room or close your eyes for a minute if you want and then work again．Following this every hour will help reduce overall stress on your eyes，and you won't feel so tired after work．
Caffeine present in the tea helps relieve tired eyes．Make a cup of hot black tea and pour it into a glass．Hold the glass close to your eyes，so that the vapors from the tea reach your eyes．This may be troublesome，so instead you can also use tea bags to relieve your eyes．Dip two black tea bags in a cup of hot water and once the warmth is bearable place the warm tea bags onto your eyes．This will also make you feel fresh．
If your eyes feel extremely tired at work，go to the washroom and wash your face with cool tap water．The cold water will help relieve the tired feeling．Do this every hour during work and you will find relief．

Tired Eyes：Why and How？
Passage outline	Supporting details
（41）Factors leading to tired eyes	●Staring constantly at the computer screen Your eyes will become （42）stressfulor tired after staring at the screen for hours． ●Reading for long hours Finishing a book without taking breaks or reading in dim light does （43）harmto the eyes． ●Diet Various salt-based junk food without required essential nutrients will （44）causea damage to the eyes． ●（45）Lackof sleep Your eyes become heavy without enough sleep，and thus dark circles are often seen．
（46）Treatmentsfor tired eyes	Though having tired eyes doesn't pose a （47）threatto the health of people's body，it's important to treat them immediately． ●Eyes exercise Take a minute to （48）relaxyour eyes every hour at work，like blinking more often，（49）rollingyoureyes in both directions and looking around the room． ●Tea Use vapor from black tea because it （50）containscaffeine or put warm tea bags onto your eyes． ●Wash your face Go to the washroom and wash your face with cool tap water．The cold water will help relieve the tired feeling．

5．It's a brand new world-a world built around brands．Hard charging，noise making，culture shaping brands are everywhere．They're on supermarket shelves，of course，but also in business plans for dotcom startups and in the names of sports complexes．Brands are infiltrating（渗透）people's everyday lives-by sticking their logos on clothes，in concert programs，on subway station walls，even in elementary school classrooms．
We live in an age in which CBS newscasters wear Nike jackets on the air，in which Burger King and McDonald's open newsstands in elementary-school lunchrooms，in which schools like Stanford University are endowed with a Yahoo!Founders Chair．But as brands reach （and then overreach）into every aspect of our lives，the companies behind them invite more questions，deeper examination-and an inevitable backlash （强烈反应） by consumers．
"Our intellectual lives and our public spaces are being taken over by marketing-and that has real implications for citizenship，"says author and activist Naomi Klein．"It's important for any healthy culture to have public space-a place where people are treated as citizens instead of as consumers．We've completely lost that space．"
Since the mid-1980s，as more and more companies have shiftedfrom being about products to being about ideas-Starbucks isn't selling coffee；it's selling community!-those companies have poured more and more resources into marketing campaigns．
To pay for those campaigns，those same companies figured out ways to cut costs else where-for example，by using contract labor at home and low-wage labor in developing countries．Contract laborers are hired on a temporary，per-assignment basis，and employers have no obligation to provide any benefits（such as health insurance）or long-term job security．This saves companies money but obviously puts workers in vulnerable situations．In the United States，contract labor has given rise to so-called McJobs，which employers and workers alike pretend are temporary-even though these jobs are usually held by adults who are trying to support families．
The massive expansionof marketing campaigns in the 1980s coincided with the reduction of government spending for schools and for museums．This made those institutions much too willing，even eager，to partner with private companies．But companies took advantage of the needs of those institutions，reaching too far，and overwhelming the civic space with their marketing agendas．

31．What does the passage intend to tell us？D
A．The problems with current corporate practices．
B．The nature of current marketing campaigns and strategies．
C．The importance of brands in American culture．
D．The excessive presence of brands and marketing in people's lives．
32．What is Naomi Klein's attitude towards the infiltration of brands into public spaces？A
A．Concerned．B．Indifferent．C．Favorable．D．Optimistic．
33．The passage suggests that most contract laborers in the U．S．B．
A．pretend to be permanent workers
B．may have trouble supporting their families financially
C．have work conditions comparable to those of low-wage workers overseas
D．are likely to receive health benefits from their employers
34．We may infer from the last paragraph thatC．
A．inadequate federal funding facilitated the privatization of schools and museums
B．government reduced spending for schools and museums for their cooperation with companies
C．public institutions were only too anxious to accept corporate marketing as a source of funding
D．by the 1980s，very few public institutions were not being funded by corporations．

4．-What are your ________？
-Doctor，my arm hurts and my back hurts．（　　）

3．假如你是李华，上周你的外教Peter给你来信说他开始对中国古诗词感兴趣，希望你能教他几首中国古诗词，现在请你用英语给他回信，内容包括：
1．乐于帮助；
2．确定碰面相关事宜（如时间、地点等等）．
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；．
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数．
Dear Peter，
How is everything going on with you recently？
I'm more than glad to receive your letter asking me for help．（高分句型一）As a matter of fact，it is a great honor for me to introduce some Chinese ancient poems to you-my best friend．The following are my arrangements for it．
Firstly，let's fix a time when both of us are available．What about this Saturday afternoon？In addition，there is no doubt that RenminPark is an excellent place to learn classical Chinese poetry，which is not far away my home nor yours．（高分句型二）If it is not convenient for you，please tell me to make necessary adjustments．（高分句型三）
Looking forward to your instant reply．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua．

2．My name is Peter Kalmus．I'm an atmospheric scientist and（61）afather of two happy boys．I also grow food and largely avoid（62）burning（burn） fossil fuels，which requires some creativity in today's world．I now emit about 1 ton of CO₂ per year，down from 19 tons per year，（63）whichis about the U．S．Average．
A few years ago，my awareness of global warming reached the point where I had no choice but（64）to respond（respond） in some meaningful way．But this is a tall order：global warming is rather complex，combined（65）deeply（deep） with our lives，physically，socially，and spiritually．How can we respond as individuals？What can we do，right here，right now，with what we have？How can we live happy and fulfilling lives in the shadow of global warming？
I（66）have written/have been writing（write） a book recently describing my response to the（67）ecological（ecology） dilemma we're now in．Our dilemma has deep roots（68）inour society，our structures of thinking and belief，（69）andthe ways we relate to the biosphere，each other，and（70）ourselves（we）．The book is forthcoming from New Society Publishers，due out in spring 2017．

1．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文．短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
Dear manager，
I'm writing to tell you that happened to me in your department store the day before yesterday．I go there to buy a shirt．I chose one and paid it．However，when I got home with it，but I found the front part and the back part were of different color．I went back to your store with the shirt without delay，hope that I could have them changed．But the shop assistant in your store refused to do that for me．She said that I should have looked for it carefully when I bought it．Now I have no choose but to write to you．I believe that you will have the problem settling．
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua．

20．The unusual ability of blind people to"sense"unseen objects has been demonstrated for the first time in sighted volunteers whose vision was blanked out by scientists．
The findings suggest"blindsight"，which has been observed in blind people whose eyes function normally but who have suffered damage to the brain's Visual centre，is a real and not imagined phenomenon．
In the tests，the blind have been able to distinguish basic shapes of objects they cannot see，as well as their orientation（定向）and direction of motion．On other occasions a blind person has reported experiencing a"feeling"that an object is present，while not being able to see it．
A number of theories have been proposed to explain"blindsight"．Generally，it is suggested that other parts of the brain besides the primary visual cortex respond to nerve messages from the eyes at an unconscious level．
Scientists from the University of Houston in Texas temporarily blinded a group of 12volunteers by using an electromagnetic field to shut down the primary visual cortex．Images were then flashed in front of them on a screen．
In one experiment，volunteers were shown either a horizontal（水平的）or vertical bar．In another，a red or green dot appeared．
Most of the time，the volunteers were unaware of the images with which they were presented．But they guessed either the orientation of the bar or the colour of the dot correctly more often than would have been expected by the law of averages．
The researchers said the findings suggested that a visual pathway bypassing the primary visual cortex must be responsible for"blindsight"．

32．What do we know about the primary visual cortex in the brain？D
A．It can be replaced by other parts of the brain．
B．It works by sending messages to the eyes．
C．It is the only part to react to messages from the eyes．
D．It is not the only part to react to messages from the eyes．
33．Why was the primary visual cortex shut down in the experiment？A
A．So that the volunteers couldn't see．
B．So that images could flash on a screen．
C．In order to test the volunteers'eyes．
D．In order to get messages from the eyes．
34．Which of the following can replace the underlined word"bypassing"in the last paragraph？B
A．Leading to．B．Going around．C．Existing in．D．Coming from．
35．In this text，the author explains．B
A．why"blindsight"is needed
B．how"blindsight"possibly occurs
C．how the primary visual cortex works
D．why the primary visual cortex is important．

19．When you think of photographing people，you may think of your family reunion or the Christmas party at work．These types of pictures of people are records of fun events with nice memories．Let's take a look at another idea for taking pictures of people，with an entirely different slant．
Much as anthropologists（人类学家）study the diversity of characteristics of people in cultural and environmental contexts，some photographers record these aspects of people in their pictures．They cry to capture the emotions and humanity of people，and the photograph draws the viewer into the subject's experience at that moment in time．
Taking pictures of people with this goal in mind makes the photographer and the viewer grow in the understanding of human nature．For example，a photograph of a young man trying to hitch a ride（搭便车）in the rain can show the experience．His poncho（雨布）sparkles with the raindrops flowing in a steady stream to the ground．The lights of passing traffic highlight the contrast between the warm，dry drivers，taking no notice of his trouble．Another picture of a child sleeping on a bench at a busy train station can capture the innocence of childhood contrasted with a busy world of hurried grown-ups．
If you'd like to experiment with this form of photographs of people，look for ordinary people in contrasting environments or contexts．Children and the elderly pose extraordinary possibilities．The lined faces of the aged often make great subjects，reflecting character and wisdom．People are such interesting subjects．Facial expressions can convey a thousand moods and feelings．
Taking pictures of people with an eye to the feel and magic of the moment will make you a better and more enthusiastic photographer．You may find yourself so taken with this new experience．Photographing people is an artful endeavor．Take the leap!

28．The second paragraph mainly shows that some photographers are doing something．C
A．easier than anthropologists'study
B．more interesting than anthropologists'study
C．similar to anthropologists'study
D．different from anthropologists'study
29．What is the effect of pictures that show emotions and humanity of people？B
A．Helping to know more about cultures．
B．Helping to know better about human nature．
C．Helping to know more about photography．
D．Helping to know better about an event．
30．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3indicate？D
A．The drivers have to drive carefully in the rain．
B．The drivers are lucky to be warm and dry in the rain．
C．The young man is fighting against the rain．
D．The young man is in a difficult situation in the rain．
31．What is suggested by the author？D
A．Taking pictures of common people．
B．Taking pictures of great events．
C．Teaching children photographing．
D．Applying old people's wisdom to photographing．

18．假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文．文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处．错误涉及单词的增加、删除或修改．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线\划掉．
修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分．
Our English teacher，Ms．Joan，came to our school in 1986．She taught English for nearly 31years so far．She works hardly and has been a model teacher for ages．
She is kind to us but she is rather strict with us as well．She always encourages ourselves to speak and read more English．She is good at teaching and tries her best to make every lesson lively and interested．She is not only our teacher and also our friend．We students love and respect for her．
Tomorrow she is going to attend a important meeting，at which she will be given a medal for his advanced deeds．We both sincerely congratulate her on achieving so extraordinary achievements．

17．Tristan da Cunha，a 38-square-mile island，is the（61）farthest（far）inhabited island in the world，according to the Guinness Book of Records．It is 1，510 miles southwest of （62）its（it）nearest neighbor，St．Helena，and 1，950 miles west of Africa．Discovered by the Portuguese admiral （葡萄牙海军将）of the same name in 1506，the island belongs to Great Britain and has（63）a population of a few hundred．
Coming in a close second-and often（64）wrongly（wrong）mentioned as the most distant land-is Easter Island，（65）whichlies 1，260 miles east of its nearest neighbor，Pitcaim Island，and 2，300 miles west of South America．
The mountainous 64-square-mile island（66）were settled（settle）around the 5th century，supposedly （据说） by people who were lost at sea．They had no（67）connection（connect）with the outside world for more than a thousand years，giving them plenty of time（68）to build（build）more than 1，000 huge stone figures，（69）called（call）moai，for which the island is most famous．
On Easter Sunday，1722，however，settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name．Today，2，000 people live on the Chilean territory （智利领土）？They share one street，a small airport，（70）and a few hours of television per day．

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