13．Should we say goodbye to chivalry in the age of sex equality?Chivalry began as a response to the ——青夏教育精英家教网—

13．Should we say goodbye to chivalry （骑士精神） in the age of sex equality？
Chivalry began as a response to the violence of the Middle Ages．PierMassimo Forni，the founder of the Civility Institute，says chivalry"as a form of treatment inspired by the sense that there was something special about women and that they deserve added respect．"
Today"chivalry"is often used as a term for"gentlemanly"behavior，related to"fair sex"，honor，courage and loyalty．
But we can hardly see chivalry nowadays with many women demanding to be treated equally in the workplace．
According to a 2013 survey carried out by the British Daily Mail，only one in seven men will offer their seat to a woman on a bus or train； over three-quarters of men don't offer to help carry a heavy bag or suitcase for women．
In many cases，it's not because these men are being insensitive，but on the contrary，they say they are unwilling to help women because they are worried about making them embarrassed．
These men may worry too much．According to the same survey，only seven percent of women view acts like holding open doors as unpleasant．
"Men seem confused by the modern‘sex equality'message"，psychologist and relationship expert Donna Dawson told the Daily Mail．
"This message was meant for the workplace and was never meant to replace good manners．Men will always be the stronger sex physically，so it is natural for them to show consideration for women．"
So，should the acts of chivalry be brought back？US writer Emily Smith says chivalry is what we should all long for．Many people are predicting the death of chivalry，but chivalry is not dead yet．Slowly but surely，chivalry is making a come-back．

32．The question at the very beginning of the passage is used toC．
A．express the author's curiosity
B．cause a heated discussion
C．introduce a controversial topic
D．solve a serious social problem
33．Which is NOT part of"chivalry"？A
A．Violence．    B．Loyalty．
C．Courage         D．Honor．
34．Some men are not willing to help women becauseD．
A．they are not sensitive enough
B．they had no good manners
C．they are afraid of women
D．they misunderstood"sex equality"
35．Emily Smith holds the view thatC．
A．some messages can make men confused
B．men should show consideration for women
C．chivalry is quite good and sure to come back
D．"sex equality"will never replace good manners．

12．Are you truly happy？Do you know how to achieve happiness？The following are a few tips （61）that will help bring happiness to you．
Set （62）practical（practice） goals for yourself．You will have a good mood when you achieve these goals．
Make friends with happy people．Most probably you'll think positively if you（63）are surrounded（surround） with people who think positively．
When something goes wrong，try to figure out a （64）solution（solve）．Truly happy people don't allow problems to affect （65）their（they） moods．
Spend a few minutes each day thinking about （66）what makes you happy．These few minutes will give you the chance（67）to focus（focus） on the positive side in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness．
It is also important（68）that you should spend some time every day doing something nice for yourself．Whether you treat yourself to a delicious lunch，take a bath or （69）simply（simple） spend a few minutes on your appearance，you are likely to put yourself in（70）a better mood．

11．Gandhi，an Indian national hero，（69）is regarded （regard） as the father of the Indian nation，a fighter for freedom and equality，and a spiritual leader．
He was born in India in 1869．（70）Following （follow） the local custom，he got married at the age of 13．In 1888he sailed to England，（71）where he studied law for three years and became a lawyer．On his return to India，he （72）was sent （send） to South Africa to work on a law case．
In South Africa he was surprised to find that the problem of racial discrimination was serious．There he formed an organization and started a magazine （73）to fight （fight） for equal rights．Gandhi returned to India in 1915，when India was controlled by the British．（74）Determined（determine） to defend the territory，he led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and the （75）independence（depend） for his country．In the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison．（76）However，the struggles never stopped．The British government had to give in and India won its victory in 1947．（77）Unfortunately（fortunate），Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died（78）on January 30th，1948．

10．Do you have an emotional brain or a rational （理性的） one？Researchers at Australia's Monash University have found actual difference in the brains of people who respond emotionally to others'feelings compared with those who respond more rationally．
A study published in the journal NeuroImage has looked at whether people who have more brain cells in certain areas of the brain are better at certain types of empathy，according to Science Daily．Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person，and the two types investigated were cognitive （认知的） empathy and affective （情感的） empathy．
"Every day people use empathy with，and without，their knowledge to get around in the social world，"said Robert Eres from Monash University's School of Psychological Sciences．"We use it for communication，to build relationships，and to increase our understanding of others．"
"People who are high on affective empathy are often those who get quite fearful when watching a scary movie，or start crying during a sad scene．Those who have high cognitive empathy are those who are more rational，for example a psychologist helping someone，"explained Eres．
The results of the study showed that people with high scores for affective empathy had more gray matter in a part of the brain called the insula，found right in the"middle"of the brain．Those who scored higher for cognitive empathy had more in a part called the midcingulate cortex-an area above the corpus callosum，which connects the two halves of the brain．
The discovery"raises new questions-like whether people could train themselves to have more empathy，and whether those areas of the brain would become larger if they did，or whether we can lose our ability to empathize if we don't use it enough"，according to Science Daily．
"In the future we want to investigate further by testing whether training people in empathy-related tasks can lead to changes in these brain areas．We also want to investigate if damage to these brain areas，as a result of a stroke （中风） for example，can lead to empathy problems．"said Eres．
Perhaps in the future we will all be able to empathize more with other people．Maybe you will cry at that sad movie after all!

40．Empathy can be used in the following situations EXCEPT thatC．
A．when a psychologist is helping a patient with his mental disease
B．when a teacher is comforting a student about his father's death
C．when a mathematician is calculating the area of a farmland
D．when people are reading a story with a frightening ending
41．What does the research done by Monash University mainly show？A
A．Differences in the brains of emotional and rational people．
B．Whether a rational brain works better than an emotional one．
C．What empathy is and how to improve people's ability to empathize．
D．How to effectively train people to have more empathy cells in their brain．
42．Which of the following statements might Robert Eres disagree with？D
A．People use empathy when they are or aren't aware of it．
B．People tend to use empathy to build relationships or understand others．
C．People with higher affective empathy feel heart-broken when watching sad movies．
D．People who are more rational have been found to have more gray matter in their brains．
43．Which of the following will be one of the focuses of future investigations according to the article？B
A．How to train people in empathy-related tasks．
B．Whether people can be trained to be more empathetic．
C．Whether empathy problems can lead to damage to areas of the brain．
D．Why people seem to lose their ability to empathize if they don't use it enough．

9．When traveling，you sometimes have to go somewhere alone，always ____ your attention on your belongings．（　　）

8．A South Korean TV series，Descendants（后裔） of the Sun，has become quite a topic in China recently，with online views numbering more than 1，45billion，beating the previous hit My Love from the Star（2013）．It never （61）struck （strike） me that it could be so popular．To get to know （62）what makes it so popular，I watched it online and have come up with some possible （63）answers （answer）．First，this business of falling in love at first sight instead of （64）hiding（hide） feelings has won many hearts，especially those people who are tired of the ole Korean drama and Cinderella stories．（65）Based （base） on new elements（元素） like medical work，peacekeeping and earthquake，the story has reached a （66）higher （high） level than the old ones．As for the main actress，Kang is quite （67）an impressive woman．Independent，talented and beautiful，she doesn't rely on anyone and can manage things just fine（68）without a man．Lew，the main actor，handsome and humorous，risks his life （69）to protect （protect） his country and the one he loves （70）deeply （deep）．All of these make this love story full of danger，unexpected turns of events---and really worth watching．

7．Go，known as Weiqi in China and Baduk in South Korea，was viewed as the last game where humans can defeat machines．Lee Se-dol，one of the greatest Go players，has won 18world championships for 21years of his professional career．AlphaGo，a computer program developed by Google's DeepMind，beat the European Go champion，an achievement that was not expected for years in October，2015．
The match between Lee and AlphaGo was seen as a representative game between humans and Artificial Intelligence （AI）．The match of the century drew great attention from news organizations，Go fans and the general public across the world as well as in South Korea．
Go originated from China more than 2，500years ago．It involves two players who take turns putting markers on a net-shaped board to gain more areas on it．One can occupy the markers of the rival （对手） by surrounding the pieces of the other．Go is considered to be a lot more complex than chess where artificial intelligence scored its most famous victory to date when IBM's Deep Blue beat grandmaster Gary Kasparov in 1997．
But experts say Go presents an entirely different challenge because of the game's incomputable number of move options．In other words，the computer must be capable of human-like"intuition"（直觉） to win．
"I was very surprised because I did not think that I would lose the game，"said Mr Lee．He said AlphaGo's early strategy was"excellent"and that he was shocked by one unconventional move it had made that a human never would have played．
AlphaGo is proud of a deep learning capability to learn for itself and discover new strategies by playing games against itself and adjusting neural networks （神经网络） based on a trial-and-error process known as reinforcement （强化） learning．
In spite of his loss，he did not regret accepting the challenge．"I had a lot of fun playing Go and I'm looking forward to the future games，"he said after AlphaGo won 3-0in a five-game match．
"Playing against a machine is very different from an actual human player．Normally，you can sense your rival's breathing，their energy．And lots of times you make decisions which depend on the physical reactions of the person you're playing against．With a machine，you can't do that"，Lee said．

33．Where can we most probably read this text？B
A．In a personal diary
B．In a science magazine
C．In a science fiction
D．In a travel guide
34．What did Lee think was the cause of his loss？A
A．AlphaGo had an excellent strategy and unconventional moves．
B．He couldn't sense AlphaGo's breathing and energy in the games．
C．He made decisions depending on the rival's physical reactions．
D．The designer of AlphaGo was a talent who couldn't be defeated．
35．This article is mainly aboutC．
A．The differences between playing chess and Go
B．The difficulties Lee met in the match with AlphaGo
C．The introduction of a match between Lee and AlphaGo
D．The development of the Artificial Intelligence （AI）

6．Lisa was running late．Lisa，25，had a lot to do at work，plus visitors on the way：her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown．But as she hurried down the subway stairs，she started to feel uncomfortably warm．By the time she got to the platform，Lisa felt weak and tired-maybe it hadn't been a good idea to give blood the night before，she thought．She rested herself against a post close to the tracks．
Several yards away，Frank，43，and his girlfriend，Jennifer，found a spot close to where the front of the train would stop．They were deep in discussion about a house they were thinking of buying．
But when he heard the scream，followed by someone yelling，"Oh，my God，she fell in!"Frank didn't hesitate．He jumped down to the tracks and ran some 40feet toward the body lying on the rails．"No!Not you!"his girlfriend screamed after him．
She was right to be alarmed．By the time Frank reached Lisa，he could feel the tracks shaking and see the light coming．The train was about 20seconds from the station．
It was hard to lift her．She was just out．But he managed to raise her the four feet to the platform （站台） so that bystanders could hold her by the grins and drag her away from the edge．That was where Lisa briefly regained consciousness，felt herself being pulled along the ground，and saw someone else holding her purse．
Lisa thought she'd been robbed．A woman held her hand and a man gave his shirt to help stop the blood pouring from her head．And she tried to talk but she couldn't，and that was when she realized how much pain she was in．
Police and fire officials soon arrived，and Frank told the story to an officer．Jennifer said her boyfriend was calm on their 40-minute train ride downtown-just as he had been seconds after the rescue，which made her think about her reaction at the time．"I saw the train coming and I was thinking he was going to die，"she explained．

29．What was the most probable cause for Lisa's weakness？D
A．She had run a long way．
B．She felt hot in the subway．
C．She had done a 1ot of work．
D．She had donated blood the night before．
30．Why did Jennifer try to stop her boyfriend？D
A．Because they would miss their train．
B．Because he didn't see the train coming．
C．Because she was sure Lisa was hard to lift．
D．Because she was afraid the train would kill him．
31．When did Lisa become conscious again？B
A．When the train was leaving．
B．After she was back on the platform．
C．After the police and fire officials came．
D．When a man was cleaning the blood from her head．
32．The passage is intended toC．
A．warn us of the danger in the subway
B．show us how to save people in the subway
C．tell us about a subway rescue
D．report a traffic accident．

5．We're in the middle of winter．It's cold and we're suffering from cold wind and rain．The sun，even when it does show its face，is setting at 4p．m．It's no wonder people in the street look sad．
But according to most of the research on the connection between weather and mood（情绪），they shouldn't be．Weather has little effect on mood．
When you tell people this，though，they don't believe it．Most of us think the weather has quite a strong effect on our mood．Many think that the rain and cold weather dejects us and the sun and warmth cheers us up．
So why don't we see this effect in the research？That's the question a new study by Klimstra et al．tries to answer with a group of young people and their mothers．In fact，Klimstra et al．found four different groups：
1．Unaffected：about half the people in their study fell into this group．For these people it didn't matter that much whether it was raining  or sunny，hot or cold，their mood was mostly unaffected．
2．Summer lovers：here's the group you'd expect．For these people，their mood improved with less rain，more sun and higher temperatures（15% of young people and 30% of their mothers）．
3．Summer haters：here's the group of people you hear less about．These were the exact opposite of the summer lovers so they were happier when there was more rain，less sun and lower temperatures （27% of the young people and 12% of their mothers）．
4．Rain haters：this group's mood didn't change with the temperature，sunshine or the wind；they just hated the rain（8% of young people and 12% of their mothers）．
This helps explain why studies keep finding that weather doesn't have much effect on mood：it's because we're different and these differences are mostly being averaged out．

32．It's found in the study thatD．
A．weather has a strong effect on mood
B．cold wind and rain makes us look sad
C．the sun and warmth cheers us up
D．mood is little affected by weather
33．The underlined word"dejects"in the third paragraph probably meansB．
A．make sb．happy      B．make sb．sad
C．make sb．angry     D．make sb．silly
34．From the four different groups we can learnD．
A．about half the people belong to summer lovers
B．more than one third of the people are summer haters
C．few of young people and their mothers like the rain
D．more young people are unaffected than rain haters
35．What is the BEST title for the passage？A
A．Does the weather really affect your mood？
B．Why do people feel sad in cold winter？
C．How many different groups are there？
D．Do different people have different mood？

4．He tried to flee across theborder（边境） but was caught．

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