12．London UndergroundThe world's first subway was built in London in 1863．At the time.the government——青夏教育精英家教网—

12．London Underground
The world's first subway was built in London in 1863．At the time，the government was looking for a way to reduce traffic problems in the city of London．The poor areas of the city were so crowded with people that it was almost impossible for horse carriages to get through．The city officials were interested in trying to make it possible for workers to live outside of London and travel easily to work each day．If people had a cheap and convenient way that they could depend on to go to and from work，they would relocate their homes outside of the city．This would help ease（减轻） the pressure of too many people living in the poor parts of London．From these problems，the idea of the London Underground，the first subway system，was born．
The plans for building the Underground met with several problems and delays，but the fast track was finally opened in January 1863．A steam train pulled the cars along the fast underground track which was 6kilometers （3.7miles） long．About 30，000people got on the subway the first day．Riders were treated to comfortable seats （standing up while the train was moving was not allowed），and pleasant decorations inside each of the cars．However，the smoke from the engine soon filled the air in the tunnels with ash and soot（煤灰），as well as chemical gases．Fans had to be put in the tunnels later to keep the air clean enough for people to breathe．Even with its problems，riding in the Underground did catch on．It carried 9million riders in its first year．

71．What led the British government to build the London Underground？C
A．Traffic jams and pollution．
B．Population and pollution．
C．Overcrowding and traffic jams．
D．The poverty and subway problems．
72．How did the London Underground solve the smoke problem？B
A．It made the tunnels larger．
B．It put fans in the tunnels．
C．It cleaned the chemical gases in the tunnels．
D．It reduced the number of passengers riding in the train．
73．The underlined phrase"catch on"most probably means"B"．
A．be troublesome
B．become popular and fashionable
C．keep up with
D．seize
74．Which of the following is TRUE？C
A．To relocate the workers'homes outside London，the government built the subway．
B．There were so many problems and delays that in 18th century the first subway opened．
C．The subway greatly eased the pressure of traffic．
D．There were not enough seats for the passengers the first day the subway opened．
75．It seems that the writer is going to talk aboutBin the next paragraph．
A．more problems with subways
B．subways around the world later on
C．the history and culture of London
D．the Beijing subway．

11．Secrets of happy people
Everyone wants to achieve true happiness in life．But the biggest factor holding most of us back is actually our ownselves．The Huffington Post released a list of seven mistakes we need to let go of in order to become happier people．Let's take a look．
1．Placing too much emphasis on fulfillment （成就感）
Those who put a lot of pressure on themselves to be happy feel more lonely on a daily basis than those who do not，according to research conducted at the University of Denver，US．
2．Keeping it all in
Keeping it all together during tough times can hurt you．Crying is the body's emotional response to outside triggers （诱因）．By suppressing it，you may be damaging your mental and physical health．
3．Looking at your smartphone all the time
Connecting with others may be the key to happiness，but a recent University of Michigan study found that the more time participants spent on social networking sites，the less happy they felt．
4．Not moving
It's no secret that a healthy lifestyle is a big part of happiness．Something as simple as a walk can help you increase your creativity and expose you to essential vitamins．
5．Not reflecting on the past
In a 2013study on nostalgia （怀旧） and emotion，participants reported a higher sense of physiological comfort when they looked back on the past．Affection for heartwarming memories helps people relate their past experiences to the present in order to create a greater sense of meaning．
6．Resisting change
A study on the psychology of choices shows that the human brain naturally tries to avoid loss-but that resistance can cause stress．Whether it's fear of the unknown or fear of losing what you currently have，the pressure to hold on to the present can harm your future life satisfaction．
7．Not being mindful
Setting aside time for meditation （沉思） allows your body to relax，cultivates an attitude of gratitude and lowers your stress level，according to researchers at University of California，Los Angeles，US．

59．What is the main purpose of the article？C
A．To inform readers of the benefits of being happy．
B．To explain why our happiness depends on our own actions．
C．To point out the things we do that prevent us from being happy．
D．To discuss some typical characteristics of happy people．
60．The underlined word"suppressing"in the third paragraph is closest in meaning toB．
A．speaking of
B．holding back
C．thinking about
D．taking no notice of
61．According to the article，to be a happy person，it is important for us toC．
A．set goals and achieve as much as we can
B．avoid recalling the past
C．do exercise in our spare time
D．spend more time on social networking sites
62．According to the article，meditation is helpful mainly becauseC．
A．it increases our creativity
B．it makes us less afraid of the unknown
C．it helps us relax and thus reduce our stress
D．it allows us to relate our past experiences to the present．

10．As a reporter，listening carefully is of great importance．Meanwhile，she had to prepare the next question．

9．Sam knocked over a kettle，pouringthe boiling water onto his own legs．

8．As a generation，we should learn something new to keep ourselves informed of what is happening outside the world．

7．Although life is not easy，we should keep an optimisticattitude to it．

6．Lack of good education prevents him to handle such a situation as arises in his business．

5．The Christian Church rejected Nicolaus Copernicus'theory，saying it was against God's idea．

4．The Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals （RSPCA） is launching a new campaign called Hay Fever，which aims to teach rabbit owners how to correctly feed their rabbits．
Many rabbit owners wrongly take Bugs Bunny's advice and feed their rabbits an incorrect diet，according to the British animal charity．Rabbits do not naturally eat root vegetables，such as carrots，nor do they naturally eat lettuce（莴苣），the charity said．
The charity said that people were using these foodstuffs as major parts of a rabbit's diet，when in fact they can cause health problems．Just 8% of owners knew what to correctly feed their rabbits，according to statistics．
This might explain why 11% of rabbits are suffering from tooth decay and a further 11% from digestive problems，according to research at the University of Bristol，commissioned by the RSPCA．
"We want all pet rabbits to be eating hay as their main food，"said Rachel Roxburgh，an animal scientist for the charity．"People also think their rabbits should eat carrots because that's what Bugs Bunny does．But he's a cartoon，real rabbits don't talk，and they shouldn't be eating carrots too often either．"
The RSPCA suggests giving rabbits daily handfuls of hay，around the same size as the rabbits themselves．They can also feed on grass，but not lawn clippings （剪下的草）．
To vary their diet and give them a treat，dark green vegetables are advised，including broccoli，kale and cabbage on a daily basis，as well as regular parts of commercial nuggets（小块食物）．
What do you feed your rabbits？Are you guilty of giving them one too many carrots？

67．The purpose of the"Hay Fever"campaign is toC．
A．suggest new types of healthy food for pet rabbits
B．teach rabbit owners what to do when their pets get tooth decay
C．instruct rabbit owners to make proper diet choice for their pets
D．clear up people's misunderstandings about rabbits．
68．The writer shows the problem is quite serious among the rabbit owners byD．
A．quoting（引述） Rachel Roxburgh    B．giving examples
C．making a comparison               D．using numbers
69．Which of the following are healthy foods for pet rabbits on a daily basis？B
A．carrots and grass        B．hay and cabbage
C．lettuce and kale         D．broccoli and nuggets
70．What is Rachel Roxburgh's attitude toward rabbit owners？B
A．Understanding． B．Disapproving． C．Supportive． D．Doubtful．

3．Whether you're up for a Crocodile Dundee adventure or you'd just like a taste of the Australian sun，the beaches in and around Sydney can offer you all that and more．
Sydney Beach
Sydney Beach is located at Sydney's northernmost tip on an extension（延伸） of land ending at Palm Beach．Before checking out the golden sand，take a quick tour of the houses of millionaires from the art and film industries．
Palm Beach
Only about an hour from downtown Sydney，Palm Beach offers a long stretch（地段） of clean sand and water．With parking near the center of the beach，that leaves the rest of it as a sparse population and peaceful location from which you can surf or body board-but take care； without the huge crowds of other Sydney beaches，Palm Beach doesn't afford quite the safety level to be found elsewhere； volunteer lifesavers are on duty only on weekends and holidays．
Bondi Beach
For the big name beach，Bondi Beach has to be your choice．Parking is difficult to find even on slow days，so consider taking public transport to this world-known beach in the eastern Sydney suburbs．Easily reachable by taxi，bus，and rail，Bondi Beach offers sun bathing，swimming，snorkeling，and all sorts of water sports fun．If you're in the mood for a bit of exercise，two scenic coastal walks will afford you great views and sights along the shore．Take in views from Mackenzie's Point．It starts at Bondi and heads south to Bronte Beach．But don't try to swim in Mackenzie's Bay-it holds dangers such as hidden rocks．
Bronte Beach
Your second choice for a scenic coastal walk covers a little under two miles and takes you from Bronte Beach to Waverly Cemetery，where many famous Australians are buried，including poets Henry Kendall，Doreothea Mackellar，and Henry Lawson．

60．Which of the following shows the right order of the beaches listed from the south to the north？B
A．Palm Beach---Sydney Beach-Bronte Beach-Bondi Beach
B．Bronte Beach-Bondi Beach-Palm Beach---Sydney Beach
C．Sydney Beach-Palm Beach-Bondi Beach---Bronte Beach
D．Bondi Beach-Bronte Beach-Palm Beach---Sydney Beach
61．The underlined word"sparse"probably meansC．
A．large       B．thick          C．thin       D．crowded
62．What can we learn from the passage？A
A．If you want to enjoy a walk，you can choose Bondi Beach or Bronte Beach．
B．If you want to swim in Palm Beach，the safer time is on weekdays and holidays．
C．If you want to visit the famous people's tombs，you can choose Sydney Beach．
D．If you want to visit Palm Beach，the airplane is your best choice．
63．The author intends toD in and around Sydney．
A．show the scenery of the beaches       B．introduce the culture and customs
C．show the activities on the beaches     D．attract the visitors to the beaches．

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