12．Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe．In order to——青夏教育精英家教网—

12．Early in the 16th century men were trying to reach Asia by traveling west from Europe．In order to find Asia they had to find a way past South America．The man who finally found the way from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific was Ferdinand Magellan．Magellan sailed from Seville in August，1519with five ships and about 280men．Fourteen months later，after spending the cold winter on the coast of Patagonia，he discovered the channel which is now called Magellan Strait（海峡）．In November，1520，after many months of dangers from rocks and storms，the three remaining ships entered the ocean on the other side of South America．
They then continued，hoping to reach Asia．But they did not see any land until they reached the islands off the coast of Asia．Before they arrived at these islands，later known as the Philippines，men were dying of starvation．While they were staying in the Philippines，Magellan was killed in battle．The remaining officers then had to get back to Spain．They decided to sail round Africa．After many difficulties，one ship with eighteen men sailed into Seville three years after leaving．They were all that remained of Magellan's expedition．However，their achievement was great．They were the first men to sail round the world．
59．The purpose of Magellan's expedition was toC．
A．sail round the world
B．find a seaway from the Atlantic to the Pacific
C．make a voyage to Asia
D．carry men to Philippines
60．The number of the ships lost on the whole expedition wasC．
A．two
B．three
C．four
D．five
61．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage concerning the expedition？A
A．Lack of equipment．
B．Cold winter in Patagonia．
C．The death of Magellan．
D．Dangers from rocks and storms．
62．The best title for this passage isD．
A．The Discovery of Magellan's Strait
B．The Discovery of the Philippines
C．The Most Dangerous Expedition
D．The First Expedition to Asia．

11．The ancient Mayan city of Chichen Itza is one of the main places of Intrest for tourists visiting the Yucatan peninsula，in Mexico．The name of the city was built based on many natural wells．
This archaeological site is located about 2to 2.5hours'drive from Cancun，Mexico．There are organized tourist trip buses to and from Cancun，but you can also get transportation from your hotel if you request it．You can also rent a car and drive there on your own，arriving at an hour that is best for you．
Chichen Itza contains many stone buildings，but there are parts of the city that are open only to archaeologists，and are not open to regular tourists．
The Great North Group is the most popular and most visited area of Chichen Itza，as this is the place where a large pyramid is located．It was built by the Maya and they called it the Temple of Kukulkan．The pyramid has four sides．These sides all come together at one point at the top．Each side has 91steps．And there is one more step at the top．Some experts believe the Maya used this building to help them know when to plant crops．Each day the sunlight falls on a different step of pyramid．This could be a way to follow the year．
At the base of the pyramid there is an empty field，where various athletics games and competitions were held．An interesting fact about Maya civilization is that they considered only people of noble blood were qualified to participate in such games．
Chichen Itza is open to visitors from 9am to 5pm all year round．If you wish to see it when it is less crowded，you'd better arrive early in the morning or later in the afternoon．Make sure you bring plenty of water and that you wear comfortable shoes and clothes，as the temperatures can be very high and the weather hot and humid．
32．There are many ways to reach the city exceptD．
A．driving your own car．
B．taking the trip buses．
C．renting a car．
D．riding your bicycle
33．The Maya mainly used The Temple of Kukulkan toC．
A．hold various games and competitions
B．show the power of the noble．
C．decide the proper time of farming．
D．predict the weather in the future．
34．What can we know from the last paragraph？D
A．You can't buy bottles of water in the city．
B．You should bring clothes to stay warm．
C．The ancient city is open all day．
D．Most of the tourists visit it around noon．
35．The passage might appear inB．
A．a history book
B．a guide book
C．a geography book
D．a fiction book．

10．Surtsey was born in 1963．Scientists saw the birth of this island．It began at 7.30a．m．on 14th November．A fishing boat was near Iceland．The boat moved under the captain's（船长）feet．He noticed a strange smell．He saw some black smoke．A volcano（火山）was breaking out．Red-hot rocks，fire and smoke were rushing up from the bottom（底部）of the sea．The island grew quickly．It was 10meters high the next day and 60meters high on 18th November．Scientists flew there to watch．It was exciting．Smoke and fire were still rushing up．Pieces of red-hot rock were flying into the air and falling into the sea．The sea was boiling and there was a strange light in the sky．Surtsey grew and grew．Then it stopped in June 1967．It was 175meters high and 2kilometers long．And life was already coming to Surtsey．Plants grew．Birds came．Some scientists built a house．They want to learn about this young island．A new island is like a new world．
51．Surtsey isA．
A．an island not far from Iceland
B．a new volcano
C．a fishing boat
D．a place in Iceland
52．Scientists flew thereC．
A．to watch the birth of the island
B．to save the fishing boat
C．to learn about the island
D．to build a house
53．When did scientist fly there to watch？C
A．Before the volcano broke out．
B．As soon as the volcano broke out．
C．About four days after the volcano broke out．
D．After the volcano stopped rushing up．
54．Put the following sentences in correct order．A
a．The captain found the boat was moving．b．A new island appeared in the sea．
c．Fire，smoke and rocks were seen rushing up．d．A fishing boat was near Iceland．
e．The island grew quickly．
A．d-a-c-b-e 　　
B．a-b-c-d-e　　
C．a-b-e-c-d　　
D．b-e-d-a-c
55．The best title of this article isB．
A．A new island
B．The birth of an island
C．A new world
D．Scientists discovered Surtsey．

9．Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place．Around 1870，it was experiencing an economic（经济的）boom，and the capital，Buenos Aires，attracted many people．Farmers，as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy，came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs．These jobs didn′t pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city．As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city，the dance known an the tango（探戈舞）came into being
At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes．It was danced in the bars and sheets．At that time there many fewer women the men，so if a man didn′t want to be left out，his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women．Gradually，the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable．
In Europe at this time，strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning
The interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris．Every kind of dance from ballet（芭蕾舞）to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters of the Paris theaters．After tango dances from Argentina arrive in Europe，they began to draw the interest of the public an they performed their exiting dance in cafes，Though not everyone approved of the new dance，saying it was a little too shocking，the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular．
The popularity（流行）Of the tango continued to trow in many other parts of the world．A soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America，It reached Japan in 1926，and in 2003the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act an a kind of dance ambassador，and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea．
57．The origin of the tango is associated withD
A．Belly dances
B．American soldiers
C．Spanish city
D．the capital of Argentina
58．Which of the following is true about the tango？C
A．It was created by foreigners from Spain and Italy．
B．People of the upper classes loved the tango most
C．It was often danced by two male in the beginning
D．A dancer in Seoul became the Argentinean ambassador．
59．Before World War I，the tango spread toC
A．America
B．Japan
C．France
D．South Korea
60．What can be the best title for the text？B
A．How to Dance the Tango
B．The History of the Tango
C．How to Promote the Tango
D．The Modern Tango Boom．

8．If two scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory are correct，people will still be driving gasoline powered cars 50years from now，giving out heat-trapping carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the atmosphere-and yet that carbon dioxide will not contribute to global warming．
In a proposal by two scientists，vehicle emissions （排放） would no longer contribute to global warming．The scientists，F．Jeffrey Martin and William L．Kubic Jr．，are proposing a concept，which they have named Green Freedom，for removing carbon dioxide from the air and turning it back into gasoline．
The idea is simple．Air would be blown over a liquid solution of potassium carbonate，which would absorb the carbon dioxide．The carbon dioxide would then be put to chemical reactions that would turn it into fuel（燃料）：gasoline or jet fuel．
This process could change carbon dioxide from an unwanted，climate-changing pollutant into a vast resource for renewable fuels．The cycle-equal amounts of carbon dioxide produced and removed-would mean that cars，trucks and airplanes using the synthetic （合成的） fuels would no longer be contributing to global warming．
Although they have not yet built a synthetic fuel factory，or even a small model，the scientists say it is all based on existing technology．"Everything in the concept has been built，is operating or has a close cousin that is operating．"Dr．Martin said．
The Los Alamos proposal does not go against any laws of physics，and other scientists who have independently suggested similar ideas．r．Martin said he and Dr．Kubic had worked out their concept in more detail than former proposals．
There is，however，a major fact that explains why no one has built a carbon-dioxide-to-gasoline factory：it requires a great deal of energy．
According to their analysis，their concept，which would cost about 5billiontobuild，couldproducegasolineatanoperatingcostof1.40a gallon and would turn economically practical when the price at the pump hits $4.60a gallon．
Other scientists said the Los Alamos proposal perhaps looked promising but could not evaluate it fully because the details has not been published．"It's definitely worth pursuing，"said Martin I．Hoffert，a professor of physics at New York University．"It's not that new an idea．It has a couple of pieces to it that are interesting．"
58．What is the concept of Green Freedom？C
A．Removing the emission of carbon dioxide．
B．Reducing the carbon dioxide produced by car driving．
C．Recycling the carbon dioxide into gasoline．
D．Reserving the carbon dioxide for global warming．
59．What is the value of the scientists'proposal？C
A．It increases the productivity of a fuel factory．
B．It decreases the cost of producing gasoline．
C．It reduces the pollution caused by car driving．
D．It promotes a new idea of environmental protection．
60．The underlined part"has a close cousin that is operating"probably means the technology in the   conceptD．
A．has been popular for so long
B．has been ignored by many people
C．is not appropriate for practice
D．will be put into practice in the near future
61．What is the biggest challenge in realizing the concept Green Freedom？B
A．There is no theoretical basis．
B．It is not economically practical．
C．There is no solution to some technical problems．
D．Only a few scientists support the idea．

7．Etymology，the study of words and word roots，may sound like the kind of thing done by boring librarians in small，dusty rooms．Yet etymologists actually have a uniquely interesting job．They are in many ways just like archaeologists digging up the physical history of people and events．The special aspect of etymology is that it digs up history，so to speak，through the words and phrases that are left behind．
The English language，in particular，is a great field to explore history through words．As a language，English has an extraordinary number of words．This is partly due to its ability to  adapt foreign words so readily．For example，"English"words such as kindergarten （from German），croissant （from French），and cheetah （from Hindi） have become part of the language with little or no change from their original sounds and spellings．So English-language etymologists have a vast world of words to explore．
Another enjoyable thing about etymology for most word experts is solving word mysteries．No，etymologists do not go around solving murders，like the great detective Sherlock Holmes．What these word experts solve are mysterious origins of some of our most common words
One of the biggest questions English language experts have pursued is how English came to have the phrase OK．Though it is one of the most commonly used expressions，its exact beginning is a puzzle even to this day．Even its spelling is not entirely consistent-unless you spell it Okay，it is hard even to call it a word．
Etymologists have been able to narrow OK's origin down to a likely，although not certain，source．It became widely used around the time of Martin Van Buren's run for president in 1840．His nickname was Old Kinderhook．What troubles word experts about this explanation is that the phrase appeared in some newspapers before Van Buren became well known．It is likely that Van Buren could be called its primary source Etymologists will doubtlessly keep searching for the initial source．However，it is clear that OK's popularity and reputation have topped those of the American president to whom it has been most clearly linked．
63．The author mentions the words like"croissant"in Paragraph 2to indicateB．
A．what English-language etymologists are exploring now
B．English has absorbed many words from other foreign languages
C．words have changed a lot in the two languages
D．the English vocabulary is difficult to the non-English-speaking people
64．The underlined word"pursued"in Paragraph 4meansD．
A．looked upon
B．put in
C．set down
D．dug up
65．We can learn from the passage that etymologistsC．
A．explore the English language as well as the recent events
B．help detectives to solve mysterious murders
C．discover the possible origin of words
D．write interesting stories for some newspapers
66．What is the main purpose of the passage？A
A．To introduce the pleasure of the study of words and word roots．
B．To present the history of English words．
C．To explain the procedure of an etymologist's job．
D．To teach readers how to distinguish English and non-English words．

6．

Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first studied in the early 1900s．Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference．In 1997，the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth's changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions（排放） from 2008to 2012．Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020．More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200countries，also aims to limit global warming．But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions．
3.5℃
This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions； this rise could still put coastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction．
2℃
To meet this minimum goal，the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years．Even this increase could sink some islands，worse drought（干旱） and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species．
1.5℃
This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement，after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati，which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking．
0.8℃
This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began，putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point．
0℃
The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age．
21．It can be concluded from paragraph 1thatD．
A．the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020
B．gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries
C．the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol
D．humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming
22．If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement，what would happen by the year 2100？D
A．The human population would increase by one third．
B．Little over 50% of all species would still exist．
C．Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets．
D．The Agreement's minimum goal would not be reached．
23．If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive，the maximum temperature rise，since the start of the industrial age，should beB．
A.0.8℃
B.1.5℃
C.2℃
D.3.5℃

5．Father's Day
The United States is one of the few countries in the world that has an official day on which fathers are honored by their children．On the third Sunday in June，fathers all across the United States are given presents，treated to dinner or otherwise made to feel special．
However，the idea for creating a day for children to honor their fathers began in Spokane，Washington．A woman by the name of Sonora Smart Dodd thought of the idea for Father's Day while listening to a Mother's Day sermon in 1909．Having been raised by her father，Henry Jackson Smart，after her mother died，Sonora wanted her father to know how special he was to her．It was her father that made all the parental sacrifices and was，in the eyes of his daughter，a selfless and loving man．Sonora's father was born in June，so she chose to hold the first Father's Day celebration in Spikane，Washington on the 19th of June，1910．
In 1924President Calvin Coolidge declared the third Sunday in June as Father's Day．Roses are the Father's Day flowers：red to be worn for a living father and white if the father has died．
When children can't visit their fathers or take them out to dinner，they send a greeting card．Traditionally，fathers prefer greeting cards that are not too sentimental．Most greeting cards are too special so fathers laugh when they open them．Some give heartfelt thanks for being there whenever the child needed Dad．
28．At first，Father's Day was fixed on June 19th becauseA．
A．Sonora honored her father on her father's birthday
B．Sonora's birthday was June 19
C．it was decided by the president at that time
D．her mother died on June 19
29．How many years has passed before Father's Day became an official day since the father's day was celebrated？C
A.4
B.10
C.14
D.24
30．According to the passage，on Father's Day，D．
A．people will wear the same flowers to honor their fathers
B．only daughters wear red flowers to honor their fathers
C．children must go home to honor their fathers
D．fathers are often honored in different ways
31．According to the passage，we can infer that Henry Jackson SmartB．
A．was very kind to anyone
B．did a lot for his daughter
C．was the first father honored in 1924
D．always helped others by giving money．

4．When someone has deeply hurt you，it can be very difficult to let go of your grudge．But forgiveness is possible and it can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health．Indeed，research has shown that people who forgive have more energy，better appetite （胃口） and better sleep．"People who forgive show less anger and more hopefulness，"says Dr．Frederic Luskin，who wrote the book Forgive for Good．"So it can help save on the wear and tear（消耗） on our body and make people feel more energetic．"So when someone has hurt you，calm down first．Take plenty of breath deeply and think of something that gives you pleasure：a beautiful scene in nature，someone you love．Don't wait for an apology．"Many times the person who hurts you may never think of apologizing，"says Dr．Luskin．"They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way．So if you wait for people to apologize，you could be waiting a very long time．"Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who makes you angry．Mentally going over your hurt gives power to the person who brought you pain．Instead，learn to look for the love，beauty and kindness around you．Finally，try to see things from the other person's perspective（视角）．You may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance，fear，even love．To gain perspective，you may write a letter to yourself from that person's point of view．
28．The underlined word"grudge"in the first paragraph most probably meansD．
A．understanding
B．forgiveness
C．pity
D．anger
29．According to the writer，what is the right way to calm down after being hurt？C
A．Try to make sure why you get hurt．
B．Write a letter to the person who hurt you．
C．Think about pleasant things and forget about the hurt．
D．Tell yourself to accept what others have done to you．
30．Dr．Luskin advises us not to wait for an apology after being hurt becauseA．
A．people seldom want to apologize
B．we'd feel worse accepting others'apology
C．we are not patient enough
D．people don't mean it when they apologize
31．This passage is mainly written to explainB．
A．how to keep yourself from being hurt
B．why and how to forgive others
C．how and when to stay calm
D．how to stay mentally healthy．

3．Facebook is an Internet-based social network site that lets people get in touch with family and friends and reach out to people with common interests around the world，all through computer．It is very popular，with more than 900million users．If Facebook were a country，it would have about three times the population of the United States．
Documents filed with US．financial regulators say Facebook has hundreds of millions of active users who send billions of messages each day and upload 250million photographs on their personal pages．Facebook users have registered 100billion"friends．"
On Facebook，"Friending"someone means you add the person to your list of people you can communicate with directly，which often allows the person to see more information about you than you share with the general public．
Facebook was started by Mark Zuckerberg and other students at Harvard University in 2004，and has grown at an amazingly fast pace．
Facebook makes money when advertisers pay to get access to hundreds of millions of Facebook users．Advertisers can often direct their messages to the people most interested in their products because Facebook computers keep track of information that users place on their pages．For example，a person interested in diving，planning a wedding，looking for work，or suffering from diabetes（糖尿病） may see advertisements related to those topics．
Facebook has become so much a part of the culture of the United States and other nations that it has been the subject of a Hollywood movie．It is a key marketing tool for many businesses，and its users'content has been used as evidence in some divorce or criminal cases．
29．From the first paragraph，we can learn thatB．
A．about 900million Americans are using Facebook
B．Facebook is widely used in the world
C．Facebook is a country in the Internet
D．Facebook is a place where people can meet face to face
30．If you are a friend of someone on Facebook，youC．
A．will have 100billion friends
B．can download 250million photographs
C．will share more private information
D．have to send message every day
31．Advertisers use Facebook because they can knowA．
A．who are interested in their products
B．how to keep track of information
C．what products are popular with the young
D．where their products are sold well
32．What might be the most suitable title for the passage？D
A．Who starts Facebook？
B．How to use Facebook？
C．When is Facebook on？
D．What is Facebook？

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