9．Last month.Justin Valdez.a college student.was shot in a subway station in San Francisco．The surve——青夏教育精英家教网—

9．Last month，Justin Valdez，a college student，was shot in a subway station in San Francisco．The surveillance video（监控录像） showed that before Justin was killed，the killer pulled out his gun several times，and even wiped his nose with it．However，nobody noticed the killer．The surrounding passengers all focused on their cell phones．
We may see the same scene everywhere in our life：in subway stations，restaurants，elevators and so on，people are watching their cell phones．From a family reunion to a date with a friend，people couldn't stop checking their twitter and facebook on the cell phones and ignoring the persons in front completely，Phubbing（低头症） not only involves young people，but also the elderly and kids．
"Phubbing"is a new term which comes from the words"phone''and"snub（冷落）"．It describes the habit of snubbing someone in favor of a cell phone．The word"phubbing"was included in the Australian National Dictionary in 2012．Obviously，the indifference冷漠） and rudeness of the information age are spreading globally．A Stop Phubbing campaign website has been set up．You can find the slogan of the website as follows："stop twittering，stop posting photos…enjoy your food，enjoy the music and respect others．"
Phubbing appears harmless．However，it does influence our life．Jimmy，an epicure（美食家），wrote in his blog："I can no longer focus on what I am eating since I started twittering．My skill of food photography has improved very fast，while my interest in food drops as a result．"
Let us put down our cell phones and re-enjoy the real taste of our food and the warmth of interpersonal communication．
48．The case of Justin Valdez is given in the first paragraph to showB．
A．gun violence happens easily in the US
B．phubbing may lead to terrible disasters
C．the killer didn't mean to kill him
D．the killer had made a careful plan
49．What will probably happen when you ask a phubbing person for help？C
A．He will give you an immediate reply．
B．He will stop looking at his cell phone．
C．He will pay no attention to you．
D．He will be very angry with you．
50．Jimmy's words suggest thatB．
A．phubbing is actually harmless
B．phubbing stops people enjoying their life
C．phubbing affects people's eating habits the most
D．phubbing helps people improve their photographic skills
51．What is the text mainly about？D
A．How the word"phubbing"came into being．
B．The popular campaign of stop phubbing．
C．The meaning of the word"phubbing"．
D．The great harm of phubbing．

8．Considering Australia's size and the fact that early settlements were far apart，Australian society is remarkably homogeneous （同种的）．Its citizens are fundamentally prosperous and the way of life in the major cities and towns is much the same however many miles divide them．It takes a sharp ear to identify regional accents．
However，there is some difference in lifestyle between city settlers and the country people．Almost 90percent of the population lives in the fast-paced cities along the coast and has little more than a passing familiarity with the desert． The major cities preserve images of colonial heritage，but the overall impression is modem，with new buildings reflecting the country's youth．In contrast，the rural communities tend to be slow-moving and conservative．For many years，Australia was said to have"ridden on the sheep's back"，a reference to wool being the country's main money earner．However，it is no longer dominant （主宰的）．Much of Australia's relatively sound economy is now achieved from natural coal and wheat，and by being the largest diamond producer in the world．Newer industries such as tourism and wine making are also increasingly important．Australians are generally friendly and relaxed，with a modest sense of humor．
Yet，contrary to widespread belief，very few Australians have true prisoner origins．Within only one generation of the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788，Australia had become a nation of immigrants．Originally coming almost entirely from the British Isles，today one in three Australians comes from elsewhere．Australia's liberal postwar immigration policies led to a flowing of survivors from war-torn Europe，most notably Greeks，Italians，Poles and Germans．
The emphasis has shifted in recent years and today the majority of new immigrants are from Southeast Asia．Today Australia is a"mixture of nations"and although some racism exists，it has generally been a successful experiment and the country is reasonably proud to have one of the most harmonious multicultural communities in the world．
24． What does the writer mean by saying"has little more than a passing familiarity with the desert"in the second paragraph？C
A．The major population has a close relationship with the desert．
B．The fast-paced cities are just located by the desert．
C．The major population knows little about the desert．
D．The major population is familiar with the people living in the desert．
25． Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？A
A．The pace of life in the city is different from that in the country．
B．One third of people living in Australia come from Europe．
C．The Australian economy is dependent on sheep exports．
D．Most Australians have ancestors who were prisoners．
26． What used to be Australia's main money earner？B
A．Wheat．
B．Wool．
C．Tourism．
D．Diamond．
27． We can infer from the passage thatD．
A．nothing about Australia's colonial part in modem cities can be seen by visitors
B．tourism and wine making resulted in fast development in rural communities only
C．immigrants from Europe have brought racial problems
D．Australia's recent immigration policy encourages immigrants from Southeast Asia．

7．Parties and social gathering no longer excite us the same way they once did．This is not because of a lack of desire to socialize，but the mobile-phone．
At parties，more people are on their phones than on their drinks．According to a recent International Data Corporation Study，over half of all Americans have a smartphone and reach for it as soon as they wake up，keeping it in hand all day．In addition，too many people in society are using smartphones while driving and as a result，they get into car crashes.34percent of teenagers admit sending messages while driving，and they agree that sending messages is their number one driving interruption．People's addiction（沉溺） to their smartphones is unbelievably becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others．
Just as drivers ignore the importance of focusing while on the road，many people also fail to recognize the importance of human communication．When with their friends，some people aimlessly check or send messages in front of a friend，which sends a message to that friend：the person I am texting is more important than you．In addition，relying on our smartphones to make friends does not give us the same advantage as being able to make new friendships in the real world．Face-to-face conversations will give us much stronger communication skills in the long run．
As many people risk their lives and the lives of people around them just to send a message or mindlessly check their messages，smartphones are in many ways more dangerous to people．The quality of this technology is preventing societal achievements and weakening the value of communication．Not only is the smartphone affecting our desire to communicate face to face，but it is also lowering society's ability to communicate．
135．The purpose of the passage is toC
A．call for an end to use the smartphone while driving
B．tell us to pay attention to communication skills
C．express a concern about the overuse of the smartphone
D．advise us to be careful about the addiction to face-to-face communication．
136．The second paragraph is developed byA．
A．giving examples
B．time order．
C．comparing facts
D．analyzing the effects
137．The author advises us to make new friendsB．
A．by using smartphones
B．in a face-to-face way
C．in different ways
D．by writing letters．
138．Over-dependence on the smartphone leads to the fact thatC．
A．parties and gathering limit their social circle．
B．people are more and more easy-going．
C．people's communication skills are weakened．
D．face-to-face communication becomes more and more dangerous．

6．In our culture，the sources of what we call a sense of"mastery"-feeling important and worthwhile-and the sources of what we call a sense of"pleasure"-finding life enjoyable-are not always the same．Women often are told"You can't have it all．"Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is："You choose a career，so you can't expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life．"or"You have a wonderful husband and children-what's all this about wanting a career？"But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being，if they are to feel good about themselves．
Our study shows that，for women，well-being has two aspects．One is mastery，which includes self-respect，a sense of control over your life，and low levels of anxiety and depression．Mastery is closely related to the"doing"side of life，to work and activity．Pleasure is the other aspect，and it is made up of happiness，satisfaction and optimism．It is tied more closely to the"feeling"side of life．The two are independent of each other．A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure，and vice versa（反之亦然）．For example，a woman who has a good job，but whose mother has just died，might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life，but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time．
The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women，and correct past mistakes．In the past，women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being．But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important．And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work．In our study，all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed．
A woman's well-being is developed when she takes on multiple roles．At least by middle adulthood，the women who were involved in a combination of roles-marriages，motherhood，and employment-were the highest in well-being，in spite of warnings about stress and strain．
131．It can be inferred from the first paragraph thatD．
A．for women，a sense of"mastery"is more important than a sense of"pleasure"
B．for women，a sense of"pleasure"is more important than a sense of"mastery"
C．women can't have a sense of"mastery"and a sense of"pleasure"at the same time
D．a sense of"mastery"and a sense of"pleasure"are both necessary to women
132．The author's attitude towards women having a career isB．
A．negative
B．positive
C．indifferent
D．realistic
133．One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles，D．
A．it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain
B．she will be more successful in her career
C．her chances of getting promoted will be greater
D．her life will be richer and more meaningful
134．Which of the following can be considered as a source of"pleasure"for women？A
A．Family life
B．Multiple roles in society
C．Regular employment
D．Freedom from anxiety．

5．--How about putting some pictures into the report？
--_______？A picture is worth a thousand words．（　　）

4．"The child has become part of the management of family life，"says Adele Schwartz，research director for Stars for Kids，a children's market---research firm．"This is a big role change in family life．Housework is changing．It used to be to take out the garbage and walk the dog．This is a little bit bigger than that．"
Three---quarters of students between the ages of 8and 14say they have completed an online transaction（交易），according to a national survey on May 9．Nearly one---fourth of the 6，000young people asked say they shop with their parents'credit cards，26percent use gift cards，and 8percent say they use their own credit card．Almost half say they help with electronic transactions because their parents are helpless online．One-third help because their parents don't have enough time to shop．
"Kids do a large amount of comparison shopping，"Ms．Schwartz says，"including clothing，household items，family vacations，and even large items like a car．
All this cyber---help"clearly gives kids a power that they might not have had before，"says Gary Rudman，in San Francisco．"Parents still make the decisions，but kids have more and more effect than ever before，because they have access to information．They are more involved with the household，so they have more effect on some of the decisions．"
Parents have different opinions about letting their children use credit cards online．Mr．Rudman Says，"Some parents are open to it，others are not for it．"
Like many parents，Mrs，Hanstein keeps a watchful eye on Jacob's Internet use．"he loves to order something，but it's always with our guidance．He doesn't understand that a lot of the pop-up advertisement‘You've won this！'or‘You can get this for $1．'is a scam．"
33．C is playing a more and more important role in the family management．
A．The Internet
B．The electronic transaction
C．The child
D．The father or mother
34．It seemed thatC has just been included as housework．
A．taking garbage outside
B．walking the dogs
C．going shopping online
D．using computers
35．According to Mrs．Hanstein，B．
A．kids shouldn't order anything online．
B．kids should go shopping online considering their parents'advice．
C．pop-up advertisement is something useful．
D．kids should make full use of the pop-up advertisement．

3．In most parts of the world，as far back as anyone can remember，there has been a puppet（木偶）tradition．Although some of us think of puppets as children's entertainment，they were----and often still are used to tell serious stories to adult audiences．Even in these days of special effects，the puppet theatre still has a special place in many cultures．
The best known puppet characters in Britain are Punch and Judy，glove puppets with wooden heads．In summer，one basic play of about half an hour is performed on beaches all around Britain．
Mr．Punch，who has an enormous nose and wears a curved hat，gets into trouble and has arguments with his wife，Judy．A policeman，a crocodile，and a hangman，and all of them run after Mr．Punch．
He，of course，invariably manages to survive to fight another day．
In Belgium wooden puppets first appeared in the 1820s in cities like liege．The liege puppets are in fact string puppets without strings！They have a single rod（棒）attached to their heads，which means the puppeteers aren't able to raise the arms and legs，but can move the body up and down and the head from side to side．Many of the stories used to be historical or religious but it is Tchantches，a comic character wit patched trousers and a big black hat，who is the best loved character today．Like Mr．Punch，he is a simple man who is also greedy，quarrelsome and lazy．He makes fun of everyone，but is often warm--hearted and tender．
25．We can learn from the first paragraph thatC．
A．puppets are much more popular nowadays．
B．people prefer puppets to special effects
C．puppets were mainly intended for children
D．people used puppets to make fun for adults
26．The underlined word"invariably"in paragraph 2is closest in meaning toA．
A．constantly
B．naturally
C．immediately
D．bravely
27．The biggest difference between puppets in Britain and puppets in Belgium is theirB．
A．performing time
B．operating ways
C．producing material
D．decorating characters
28．The passage is mainly aboutD．
A．different kinds of puppets
B．how puppets came into being
C．why puppets are popular
D．story---telling through puppets．

2．Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space． The amount of space a person needs around him is a cultural difference，not an economic one．Knowing your own psychological space needs is important because they strongly affect your choices，including，for example，the number of bedrooms in the home．If you were brought up in a two-child family and both you and your sister or brother had your own bedrooms，the chances are，if you have two children or more，that you also will offer separate bedrooms for them．In America，for example，they train people to want to have their own rooms by giving them their own rooms when they are babies．This is very rare in the world．In many other countries，the baby sleeps in the same bed with his parents or in bed near them．
The space in the home also shows a lot about psychological space needs．Some families gather closer to each other and the size of their house has nothing to do with it．Others have separate little corners where family members go to bed alone．
Although it is true that psychological space needs are not decided by economic reasons，they sometimes have to be changed a little because of economic pressures．It is almost impossible，however，to completely change your psychological space needs．
21．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1means"B"．
A．No two people need exactly the same amount of living space
B．The requirements of living space are not always the same
C．The world requires the same amount of living space
D．Nobody needs a required amount of living space
22．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？C
A．Americans are trained to live in large rooms at birth．
B．Economic situation decides one's amount of space needs．
C．People in various countries demand different psychological space．
D．Knowing your psychological space needs is important，as it affects your future．
23．The best title for this passage isB．
A．American Way of Living
B．Psychological Space
C．Space Needs in Different Countries
D．Psychological Space and Economic Pressure．

1．People who smoke could lose around one third of their everyday memory，researchers say．
A study by a team at the University of Northumbria has shown that smokers lose more of their memory when compared to non-smokers．And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers．
The study involved more than seventy 18-to 25-year-old volunteers and included a tour of the university's campus．Those who took part were asked to recall（回忆；回想）small details，such as music acts listed to play at the students'union and tasks completed at various points---known as a real-world memory test．
Smokers performed badly，remembering just 59percent of tasks．But those who had given up smoking remembered 74percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81percent of tasks．
Dr．Tom Heffernan，who leads Northumbria University's Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group，said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns．He said，"Given that there are up to 10million smokers in the UK and as many as 45million in America，it's important to understand the effects that smoking has on everyday cognitive function．"
This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an effect on memory．We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits to the body，but this study also shows how stopping smoking can bring a series of benefits to cognitive function．The research will now investigate the effects of second-hand smoking on memory，while Dr．Heffernan will look into third-hand smoking，such as toxins （毒素） left on curtains and furniture．
45．What would be the best title for the passage？C
A．The Effects That Smoking Has on Health
B．New Research on Third-Hand Smoking
C．Smokers Have Much Worse Everyday Memory
D．Anti-Smoking Campaigns Are Active Around the World
46．The underlined words，"kicked the habit"，in the second paragraph can be replaced by"A"．
A．giving up smoking
B．smoked at times
C．smoked regularly
D．hated smoking
47．What was the real-world memory test like？D
A．It needed young volunteers to complete some tasks．
B．It was about making a tour of the university's campus．
C．It needed volunteers to act at the students'union．
D．It involved a tour and a process of recalling some details．
48．We can learn from the passage thatB．
A．America has twice as many smokers as the UK
B．the research findings will help anti-smoking campaigns
C．the effects of second-hand smoking on memory have been found by the study
D．those who have stopped smoking have as good a memory as non-smokers．

20．People who smoke could lose around one third of their everyday memory，researchers say．
A study by a team at the University of Northumbria has shown that smokers lose more of their memory when compared to non-smokers．And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers．
The study involved more than seventy 18-to 25-year-old volunteers and included a tour of the university's campus．Those who took part were asked to recall（回忆；回想）small details，such as music acts listed to play at the students'union and tasks completed at various points---known as a real-world memory test．
Smokers performed badly，remembering just 59percent of tasks．But those who had given up smoking remembered 74percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81percent of tasks．
Dr．Tom Heffernan，who leads Northumbria University's Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group，said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns．He said，"Given that there are up to 10million smokers in the UK and as many as 45million in America，it's important to understand the effects that smoking has on everyday cognitive function．"
This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an effect on memory．We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits to the body，but this study also shows how stopping smoking can bring a series of benefits to cognitive function．The research will now investigate the effects of second-hand smoking on memory，while Dr．Heffernan will look into third-hand smoking，such as toxins （毒素） left on curtains and furniture．
45．What would be the best title for the passage？C
A．The Effects That Smoking Has on Health
B．New Research on Third-Hand Smoking
C．Smokers Have Much Worse Everyday Memory
D．Anti-Smoking Campaigns Are Active Around the World
46．The underlined words，"kicked the habit"，in the second paragraph can be replaced by"A"．
A．giving up smoking
B．smoked at times
C．smoked regularly
D．hated smoking
47．What was the real-world memory test like？D
A．It needed young volunteers to complete some tasks．
B．It was about making a tour of the university's campus．
C．It needed volunteers to act at the students'union．
D．It involved a tour and a process of recalling some details．
48．We can learn from the passage thatB．
A．America has twice as many smokers as the UK
B．the research findings will help anti-smoking campaigns
C．the effects of second-hand smoking on memory have been found by the study
D．those who have stopped smoking have as good a memory as non-smokers．

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