3．Although the word workaholic usually has a negative meaning.it is sometimes used by people wishing——青夏教育精英家教网—

3．Although the word workaholic （工作狂） usually has a negative meaning，it is sometimes used by people wishing to express their devotion to their career positively．The"work"in question is usually associated with a paying job，but it may also refer to independent pursuits （追求） such as sports，music and art．A workaholic in the negative sense is popularly characterized by a neglect of family and other social relations．Similarly，people considered to be workaholics tend to lose track of time．
Workaholism is an addiction，and it's not the same as working hard．Experts say the continuous work-related activity masks anxiety，low self-esteem （自尊），and privacy problems．Workaholics feel the urge of being busy all the time，to the point that they often perform tasks that aren't required or necessary for project completion．As a result，they tend to be inefficient workers，since they focus on being busy，instead of focusing on being productive．In addition，workaholics tend to be less effective than other workers because it's difficult for them to work as part of a team，they have trouble entrusting co-workers，or they take on so much that they aren't as organized as others．Workaholics are occupied with work all the time，which prevents them from maintaining healthy relationships，hobbies，or even take measures to protect their health．
As with addictions to alcohol，drugs or gambling，workaholics'harmful behavior will continue despite advice from loved ones or danger signs such as worsening relationships．Poor health is another warning sign．Because there's less of social shame attached to workaholism than to other addictions，health symptoms can easily go unrecognized．In the U．S．and Canada，workaholism remains what it's always been：the so-called"respectable addiction"that's dangerous as any other．Workaholism in Japan is considered a serious social problem leading to early death，often on the job，a phenomenon called karōshi （过劳死）．
As with other psychological addictions，workaholics often cannot see that they have a problem．Reasoning the workaholic out of the problem will generally be met with denial．Co-workers，family members and friends may need to communicate the effects of the workaholic's behavior to them．Indeed，mental treatment to cure a workaholic can successfully reduce the hours spent on the job，while increasing the person's productivity．Studies show that fully recovered former workaholics can accomplish in 50hours what they previously couldn't do in 80．

Workaholism
Passage outline	Supporting details
Different attitudes towards workaholics	●Some consider workaholics （71）devoted/committed to their occupation． ●Many think workaholics usually have no sense of time and （72）neglect/overlook/ignore their relatives，friends or colleagues．
Features of workaholics	●They take work as a method to escape their worries or troubles in their life． ●They aim at keeping themselves （73）busy/occupied instead of accomplishing their work． ●They prefer （74）individual work because they hardly believe in others． ●They （75）fail to deal with others properly，enjoy any hobby or manage to keep themselves healthy．
（76）Problems/Troubles with worka- holism	●It is difficult for workaholists to overcome this addiction． ●Its bad influence on health can hardly be （77）recognized/noticed/seen． ●It may even shorten a workaholic's （78）life if it is not seriously dealt with．
（79）Treatments/Cures for worka- holism	●Our （80）communication（s） with the workaholics may help them realize what might happen to them． ●Treating workaholics mentally turns out to be successful in many cases．

2．Tang Xianzu and William Shakespeare were contemporaries （同代人），who coincidentally died in the same year．
Japanese scholar Aoki Masarut was the first to draw a link between the two in his 1943book A History of Chinese Literary Thought．Yet，dying in the same year，1616，is not reason enough to put them together．
Scholars who specialize either in Tang or Shakespeare are looking for similarities between the two as the anniversaries （周年） of their deaths are marked in the United Kingdom，China and around the globe．
"Tang Xianzu was not China's Shakespeare，"said Chen Guohua，a professor at Beijing Foreign Studies University，striking a rare discordant（不和谐的） note．"He was just China's Tang Xianzu．Nobody in the English-speaking world can hold a candle to Shakespeare，and Tang was just one of the greats of Chinese drama．Guan Hanqing and Wang Shifu were equally skillful．"
Both Tang's and Shakespeare's plays were meant for the stage，but they served different audiences．Shakespeare was a professional dramatist while Tang was a civil servant who happened to pen a few plays and thousands of poems．Tang's lines were sung mostly at family theaters at a time when noblemen and retired officials were patrons （赞助人） of the arts who owned and ran their own entertainment troupes．Shakespeare，the English Bard （吟游诗人） had to sell tickets to whoever would buy them．
That probably affected their writing styles．While Tang's language is extremely difficult and the rhymes （韵律） come on like hurricanes，it is a wonder that Shakespeare's vast vocabulary could be understood by those in the Globe Theatre back then．And given that the Bard's subject matter runs such a wide range，most people，whatever their tastes，could take away something．
Though no one can touch the Bard in range and richness，there is one area where Tang shines，and that is in the use of dreams，not only as a plot device but also a philosophical tool．His quartet of plays （四梦） all built on dreams，often indicating that life is empty and all the demand for power eventually amounts to nothing．
In The Peony Pavilion （牡丹亭），his most famous play，Tang raised the dream to a higher level that Sigmund Freud would have recognized．It is the subconscious （潜意识） world of the major characters，especially Du Liniang，the noble young lady who whiles away her youth in a gilded cage．It is not a traditional love story because she had not seen or known the young man．
Of all Shakespeare's works，the dream features in A Midsummer Night's Dream．The forest near Athens is similar to the family garden in The Peony Pavilion，a neighboring quarter that sets free the desires of the young．
For the ending，Pavilion brings sadness that is absent from Shakespeare's Dream．But lyricism and earthy humor are present in both plays．And both tales can be sung or danced because they lend themselves to other forms of performing arts．Pavilion，intended as an opera，has also been chaned into plays but has been less successful．
They both represent peaks in culture，but we should stop from measuring which peak is higher and focus on what's unique about each of them instead．And the comparison of Tang and Shakespeare can serve as a point of departure for meaningful conversations about art，literature and cultural inspirations，rather than being an end in itself．
65．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs？C
A．Tang and Shakespeare died for the same reason．
B．Tang and Shakespeare were born in the same year．
C．The four hundredth anniversary of their deaths is in 2016．
D．Scholars first put Tang and Shakespeare together in 1616．
66．What Chen Guohua said suggests thatA．
A．Tang was no match for Shakespeare in plays
B．Tang was more famous than Shakespeare in China
C．Guan Hanqing and Wang Shifu were greater than Tang
D．Shakespeare was only famous in the English-speaking countries
67．Tang and Shakespeare served different audiences becauseD．
A．their plays were meant for the stage
B．they were in different countries
C．the prices of the tickets were different
D．they had different cultural backgrounds and status
68．According to the passage，which of the following is Tang's writing style？B
A．His language is easy to understand．
B．His plays are full of philosophy．
C．His plays have a wide range of themes．
D．The vocabulary in his plays is vast．
69．What can we learn about The Peony Pavilion and A Midsummer Night's Dream？C
A．They were both intended as operas．
B．They got the same success as plays．
C．The forest and the family garden played the same role．
D．Sadness was present in A Midsummer Night's Dream．
70．By writing the passage，the writer mainlyD．
A．compares Tang's life with Shakespeare's
B．introduces the works of Tang and Shakespeare
C．calls on people to read the works of Tang and Shakespeare
D．draws readers'attention to the features of Tang and Shakespeare．

1．Why not write in a foreign language？If people feel free to choose their profession，their religion，and even their sex，why not just decide whih language you want to write in？Ever since Jhumpa published In Other Words in Italian，people have been asking me，"Why don't you write in Italian，Tim？After all，you've been in the country 35years．What keeps you tied to English？"Is it just a question of economic convenience？
Certainly economics can be important．It was the factor that pushed Conrad to abandon his Polish mother tongue．If it is not possible to publish at home，or to publish there as one would wish to publish，then one is likely to go elsewhere．And if to publish elsewhere one has to change language，then some authors are willing to take that step．
Something of the same logic has driven many writers from Africa，Asia to write in French and English in recent years．There is also the fact that people in Europe and the West are interested in the countries they grew up in．Just as in the nineteenth century，novelists like Thomas Hardy could"sell"their familiarity with peasant life to a middle-class metropolitan public，so these writers have interested us with stories that might seem common in their home countries．
There is also a real internationalism in the decision to change language．If you have"a message"and if English is the language that offers maximum spread，then it would seem appropriate to use it．
All these make sense．Critics tend to pay attention only to those who have made a success of writing in a new language．In April 2014，a New York Times article essentially listed young literary stars who had switched to writing in the main Western languages．At this point，the native English speaker almost begins to feel at a disadvantage for having been born into the dominant culture．Should we perhaps head for Paris，like Beckett or Jonathan Littell，just to be between two worlds？Or look for something more exotic （异国的） and have ourselves translated back into English afterward？However，one fact is that changing languages doesn't always work．
I did write a novel in Italian．But after rereading it，I decided against it．My work lost power with the switch of language．My real subject matter still had to do with England and it was to my home culture that my books were addressed．The second language never seems to mean quite as much as the first．In any event，after my early experiment，I never went back to write in Italian．Changing language is not the only way to bring energy to your writing．
61．The author writes the first paragraph toA．
A．introduce the topic of this passage
B．provide background information
C．stress the importance of English
D．explain why he writes in English
62．Why are some writers willing to write in a foreign language？C
A．They have published a lot of works at home．
B．Their works are uncommon in their own countries．
C．A new language may offer a wider readership．
D．They want to be accepted by middle class．
63．What can we infer from the passage？A
A．Native English writers are at a disadvantage for writing in English．
B．Writers can't be entirely separated from their own culture and language．
C．Writers should write in a foreign language to draw critics'attention．
D．Any writer can succeed with the switch of a new language．
64．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？A
A．Write in a foreign language
B．Write in mother tongue
C Publish at home
D．Change language to bring energy．

20．No one knows （61）exactly （exact） how the earth began，as it happened so long ago．However，according to a widely（62）accepted （accept） theory，the universe began（63）with a"Big Bang"that threw matter in all （64）directions （direction）．For several billion years after the"Big Bang"，the earth was still just a cloud of dust．（65）What it was to become was （66）uncertain （certain） until between 4.5and 3.8billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe．The earth became so（67）violent （violence） that it was not clear （68）whether the shape would last or not．It exploded loudly with fire and rock．They were in time（69）to produce （produce） carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earth's atmosphere．What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down，water began to appear on（70）itssurface．

19．对…感到满意be satisfied with．

18．假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词．
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在此符号下面写出该加的词．
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
注意：：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2、只允许修改十处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
Dear Alex，
I'm the middle school student．I'm writing to tell you my problem with my mother．She is a doctor，whom works very hard．She is strict in me，but she is too busy with her work that she finds little time to talk to me．I love her and I do good in my studies，but I still feel a bit of afraid of her because she loses her temper easily．I don't know how to communicate with her．Maybe that's why we seldom exchange our thoughts and feeling．So we ought sit down and try to communicate more．I think we can chose some topics that can attract both of us．I do hope we'll be closer．
Looking forward to your reply．
Best wishes to you!
Yours sincerely，
Tom．

17．We finally reached a small village which issurrounded （包围） by many huge trees．

16．They have successfullycombined （结合） the old with the new in the exhibition．

15．Mark Twain tells a boy's story in The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn．Huck is a poor child，without a mother or home．His father drinks too much alcohol and always beats him．
Huck's situation has freed him from the restriction of society．He explores in the woods and goes fishing．He stays out all night and does not go to school．He smokes．
Huck runs away from home．He meets Jim，a black man who has escaped from slavery（奴隶制）．They travel together on a raft（木筏） made of wood down the Mississippi River．
Mark twain started writing"Huckleberry Finn"as a children's story．But it soon became serious．The story tells about the social evil of slavery，seen through the eyes of an innocent child．Huck's ideas about people were formed by the white society in which he lived．So，at first，he does not question slavery． Huck knows that important people believe slavery is natural，the law of God．So，he thinks it is his duty to tell Jim's owners where to find him．
Later，Huck comes to understand that Jim is a good man．He finds he cannot carry out his plan to inform Jim's owners of his whereabouts（下落）．Instead，he decides to help Jim escape．He decides to do this，even if God punished him．
32．The underlined expression"he does not question slavery"means thatB．
A．he is sure about everything of slavery．
B．he thinks that slavery is reasonable．
C．he has no question to ask the owner of the slaves．
D．he believes that slavery is wrong．
33．What can be inferred from the text？A
A．Huck is a white boy．
B．Huck's childhood is a reflection （反映） of that of Mark Twain's．
C．It is Huck's family that makes him decide to travel with Jim．
D．Huck will be punished by God for what he does．
34．Why does Huck change his mind at last？D
A．He has made friends with Jim．
B．He finds out the weakness of slavery．
C．God tells him to do so．
D．He finds that Jim is a good man
35．What is the passage mainly about？A
A．The outline （概要） of The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn．
B．The childhood of Huckleberry．
C．The reason why Mark Twain wrote the story．
D．The effect of slavery．

14．Jonny：Hey!I'm just practicing Tai Chi（太极）．Would you like to join me？
Peter：I know nothing about it．Is it difficult？
Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice．You just follow me like this．
Peter：OK．Don't laugh （61）atme．I may look funny．
Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and（62）softly（soft）．Try to keep your body straight．Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake．
Peter：I cannot control my body well．My legs become（63）painful（pain）．
Jonny：Keep（64）holding（hold） your position（姿势） for a while．It helps develop your strength（力量）and flexibility（灵活性）．Raise（抬起）your leg and let（65）itstay in the air for seconds．
Peter：I feel my legs shaking．I cannot do this any longer．
Jonny：Be patient!Tai Chi（66）is called（call）"shadow boxing"in English．It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well（67）asstrong．In real competition，a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back．The（68）harder（hard）you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit．He controls you!
Peter：Unbelievable!Oh…，（69）ifyou don't mind，I'll stop and take a deep　（70）breath．

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