8．His parents didn't believe the reason he gave he was studying with his friends last night．( )——青夏教育精英家教网—

16．A scientist working at her lab bench and a six-old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common．After all，the scientist is engaged in serious research to uncover the very nature of the physical world，and the baby is，well，just playing…right？Perhaps，but some developmental psychologists （心理学家）have argued that this"play"is  more like a scientific investigation than one might think．
Take a closer look at the baby playing at the table．Each time the bowl of rice is pushed over the table edge，it falls in the ground---and，in the process，it brings out important evidence about how physical objects interact（相互作用）； bowls of rice do not float in mid-are，but require support to remain stable．It is likely that babies are not born knowing this basic fact of the universe；nor are they ever clearly taught it．Instead，babies may form an understanding of object support through repeated experiments and then build on this knowledge to learn even more about how objects interact．Though their ranges and tools differ，the baby's investigation and the scientist's experiment appear to share the same aim（to learn about the natural world ），overall approach （gathering direct evidence from the world），and logic （are my observations what I expected？）．
Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way---that they investigate human psychology and the rules of language  using similar means．For example，it may only be through repeated experiments，evidence gathering，and finally overturning a theory，that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has，for example，unlike the child，Mommy actually doesn't like Dove chocolate．
Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists．Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike？Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort---the desire to explore，explain，and understand our world---is simply something that comes from our babyhood．Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds，and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children．The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists．As some psychologists put it，"It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children．"

50．According to some developmental psychologists，D
A．a baby's play is nothing more than a game．
B．scientific research into babies； games is possible
C．the nature of babies'play has been thoroughly investigated
D．a baby's play is somehow similar to a scientist's experiment
51．We learn from Paragraph 2 thatD
A．scientists and babies seem to observe the world differently
B．scientists and babies often interact with each other
C．babies are born with the knowledge of object support
D．babies seem to collect evidence just as scientists do
52．Children may learn the rules of language byC
A．exploring the physical world
B．investigating human psychology
C．repeating their own experiments
D．observing their parents'behaviors
53．What is the main idea of the last paragraph？B
A．The world may be more clearly explained through children's play．
B．Studying babies'play may lead to a better understanding of science．
C．Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists．
D．One's drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows．
54．What is the author's tone when he discusses the connection between scientists'research and babies'play？D
A．Convincing．       B．Confused．
C．Confident．         D．Cautious．

15．Bad news sells．If it bleeds，it leads．No news is good news，and good news is no news．Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers．But now that information is being spread and monitored（监控） in different ways，researchers are discovering new rules．By tracking people's e-mails and online posts，scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories．
"The‘if it bleeds'rule works for mass media，"says Jonah Berger，a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania．"They want your eyeballs and don't care how you're feeling．But when you share a story with your friends，you care a lot more how they react．You don't want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer．"
Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication-e-mails，Web posts and reviews，face-to-face conversations-found that it tended to be more positive than negative（消极的），but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news．Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things？To test for that possibility，Dr．Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories：thousands of articles on The New York Times'website．He and a Penn colleague analyzed the"most e-mailed"list for six months．One of his first finds was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles．He found that science amazed Times'readers and made them want to share this positive feeling with others．
Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny，or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety，but not articles that left them merely sad．They needed to be aroused（激发） one way or the other，and they preferred good news to bad．The more positive an article，the more likely it was to be shared，as Dr．Berger explains in his new book，"Contagious：Why Things Catch On．"

12．What do the classic rules mentioned in the text apply to？A
A．News reports．
B．Research papers．
C．Private e-malls．
D．Daily conversations．
13．What can we infer about people like Debbie Downer？C
A．They're socially inactive．
B．They're good at telling stories．
C．They're inconsiderate of others．
D．They're careful with their words．
14．Which tended to be the most e-mailed according to Dr．Berger's research？B
A．Sports new．
B．Science articles．
C．Personal accounts．
D．Financial reviews．
15．What can be a suitable title for the text？D
A．Sad Stories Travel Far and Wide．
B．Online News Attracts More People．
C．Reading Habits Change with the Times．
D．Good News Beats Bad on Social Networks．

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