One day, Mr. Arnold was teaching a lesson, and things were going as normally as ever. He was explaining the story of human being to his pupils. He told them that, in the beginning, men were nomads (游牧); they never stayed in the same place for very long. Instead, they would travel about, here and there, in search of food, wherever it was to be found. And when the food ran out, they would move off somewhere else.

He taught them about the invention of farming and keeping animals. This was an important discovery, because by learning to cultivate (耕作) the land, and care for animals, mankind would always have food steadily. It also meant that people could remain living in one place, and this made it easier to set about tasks that would take a long while to finish, like building towns, cities, and all that were in them. All the children were listening attracted by this story, until Lucy jumped up:

“And if that was so important and improved everything so much, why are we nomads all over again, Mr. Arnold?”

Mr. Arnold didn’t know what to say. Lucy was a very clever girl. He knew that she lived with her parents in a house, so she must know that her family were not nomads; so what did she mean?

“We have all become nomads again,” continued Lucy, “The other day, outside the city, they were cutting the forest down. A while ago a fisherman told me how they fish. It’s the same with everyone: when there’s no more forest left the foresters go elsewhere, and when the fish run out the fishermen move on. That’s what the nomads did, isn’t it?

The teacher nodded, thoughtfully. Really, Lucy was right. Mankind had turned into nomads. Instead of looking after the land in a way that we could be sure it would keep supplying our needs, we kept developing it until the land was bare. And then off we would go to the next place! The class spent the rest of the afternoon talking about what they could do to show how to be more civilized (文明的).

The next day everyone attended class wearing a green T-shirt, with a message that said “I am not a nomad!”

And, from then on, they set about showing that indeed they were not. Every time they knew they needed something, they made sure that they would get it using care and control. If they needed wood or paper, they would make sure that they got the recycled kind. They ordered their fish from fish farms, making sure that the fish they received were not too young and too small. They only used animals that were well cared for, and brought up on farms.

And so, from their little town, those children managed to give up being nomads again, just as prehistoric men had done, so many thousands of years ago.

1.Why would early humans travel about in the beginning?

A.To experience different lifestyles.

B.To go sightseeing in different places.

C.To find what they could to feed themselves.

D.To do more exercise to build themselves up.

2.From Paragraph 2, we can know that ________.

A.people got tired of living in the same place

B.people gradually got used to living in cities

C.people spent a long time in learning to keep animals

D.people tended to settle down after learning farming and keeping animals

3.The teacher thought Lucy’s argument was ________.

A. reasonableB. unbelievable

C. puzzlingD. shocking

4.Which of the following agrees with the message “I am not a nomad” (Paragraph 7)?

A.People eat young fish for its delicious taste.

B.People use recycled materials as much as possible.

C.Fishermen move elsewhere when there is no fish left.

D.Foresters leave the place where there is no wood left.

5.The writer tries to make us believe that ________.

A.mankind has been progressing mainly through traveling about

B.it’s unwise for mankind to use the land in an uncontrolled way

C.it’s quite good for students to learn more about the history of mankind

D.teachers should encourage students to voice their own opinions bravely

When milk arrived on the doorstep

When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr.Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn’t take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.

Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note-“Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery”—and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.

All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn’t freeze. And I remember Mr. Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.

There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practiced to have a delivery service.

Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch. Every so often my son’s friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.

1.Mr.Basille gave the boy a quarter out of his coin changer ________.

A.to show his magical power

B.to pay for the delivery

C.to please his mother

D.to satisfy his curiosity

2.What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy’s house?

A.He wanted to have tea there.

B.He was fully trusted by the family.

C.He was treated as a family member.

D.He was a respectable person.

3.Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?

A.It has been driven out of the market.

B.Nobody wants to be a milkman now.

C.Its service is getting poor.

D.It is forbidden by law.

4.Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?

A.He planted flowers in it.

B.He wanted to tell interesting stories.

C.He needed it for his milk bottles.

D.He missed the good old days.

Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer, saying studies showed a clear link. “Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake, through diet or a vitamin supplement. ” Dr.Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.

Garland’s research team reviewed 63 studies, including several large long-term ones, on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004.

“There’s nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer,” he said, urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify foods with vitamin D. Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk, as well as in some fortified orange juice, yogurt and cheeses, usually at around 100 international units(IU) a serving. People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day, Garland said, adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.

The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas, which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.

African Americans, who don’t produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour, could also benefit significantly from a higher intake, the authors said.

1.According to the passage, people are advised to take more Vitamin D because ________.

A. it is nutritious

B. it can’t harm people’s health

C. it can lower cancer risk

D. it is not taken enough every day

2.Who can Garland probably be?

A. A health researcher.

B. A doctor.

C. A scientist.

D. A public health official.

3.Which of the following food can lower people’s chance of getting cancer?

A. Milk.

B. Fortified orange juice.

C. Fortified yogurt.

D. All of the above.

4.People from which area should take more Vitamin D according to the passage?

A. Asian people.B. African people.

C. American people.D. European people.

“One thing I enjoy about my job is that I can work on something that is actually active,” says Game McGimsey, an American volcanologist(火山学家). Part of his job includes keeping an eye on Alaska’s many active volcanoes and giving people a heads-up when a volcano might erupt(喷发).

Like most jobs in the science, volcanology requires a lot of education. McGimsey received an undergraduate degree in geology at the University of North Carolina, then landed an internship(实习期) with a geologist at the USGS(美国地质勘探局) whose work field was about volcanoes. After earning a graduate degree at the University of Colorado, McGimsey accepted a job with the USGS and has been with the Alaska Volcano Observatory for 25 years.

Volcanoes can influence the world in ways we might not think about. For example, on Dec.15 1989, a 747 jetliner (a large airplane) flew through a thick ash cloud produced by Mount Redoubt, an Alaskan volcano that hadn’t erupted in 25 years. The ash caused all four engines to die, and the plane’s electronics went dead.

“The plane was within several thousand feet of flying into the mountains below when the pilots got a couple of engines restarted and landed safely in Anchorage,” McGimsey says. It cost nearly $80 million to repair the damage to the plane.

Such situations show just how dangerous volcanoes can be. However, volcanologists know the risks and are prepared to protect themselves.

McGimsey admits, “There is certainly a higher danger level in volcanology than some other jobs. We understand how serious the danger is, and we don’t like taking unnecessary chances. We avoid getting too close to an erupting volcano, because it is not worth injury or death simply to get a rock or a photograph.”

1.Before working for the USGS, McGimsey ________.

A.had been a pilot for 25 years

B.knew nothing about the organization

C.had taught at the University of North Colorado

D.had studied at the University of Colorado

2.On Dec.15,1989, a 747 jetliner ________.

A.had all its engines restarted

B.flew into a volcano in Europe

C.survived an air accident luckily

D.disappeared in a huge ash cloud

3.What McGimsey says in the last paragraph shows his ________.

A. prideB. carefulnessC. lonelinessD. doubt

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A.Game McGimsey: a man of his word

B.Game McGimsey: a volcano watcher

C.The eruption of Mt Redoubt

D.Lost land of the volcano

阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当内容(一词)或所给单词的正确形式。

Old English differs much from the English we use today. Middle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th 1.__________ the 15th centuries. Many things played a part in the 2.__________ (develop) of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who 3.__________ (defeat) England and took control of the country in 1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angels and the Saxons’victory about 600 years earlier, 4.__________ led to old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the 5.__________ (one) language. On the other hand, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in even 6.__________ (many) words with similar meanings, such as answer (from Old English) and reply (from Old French). Modern English appeared during the Renaissance in the 16th century. 7.__________ (pronounce) also went through huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is 8.__________ (easily) to answer. 9.__________ is certain that this process will continue, and people will keep 10.__________ (invent) new words and new ways of saying things.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏子符号(∧)并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。

I took our foreign teacher Mr. Brown, he came to China for the first time, to the Great Wall in last weekend. Having told about the history of the Great Wall, he was amazing at this world wonder. He was struck by the beautiful of the Great Wall. So I took photo of him, which would be a good memory for him. At the top, Mr. Brown was very interested in the activity of protecting the environment that he was eager to join in and then sign his name. Both the Great Wall or the Chinese people deep impressed him. He decided to visit more places of interest when free.

假如你叫李华，你的好朋友王新今天早晨上课时一直闷闷不乐，课间活动时也没出教室，只是呆坐在座位上。你主动向他了解情况，他却婉言谢绝。对此，你很担心。请用英语给他写一封电子邮件，对他进行开导劝慰。

注意： 1、词数：100左右；

2、可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；

3、邮件的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。

“We are good mothers,” I said to my friend, as we sat on our comfortable beach chairs under our beach umbrella and watched our children playing in the waves.

Out of nowhere, the children took off running. About fifty yards from us, a man—maybe in his fifties—was fishing. The children stood next to him and watched with their little mouths hanging open as he cast the fishing lines. He smiled at them. They ran back to us—all except my three-year-old daughter, Drew.

My heart beat fast with horror. “Drew! Come here! Play with your friends!” I shouted, very aware that my speeches about not talking to strangers weren’t working. It seemed that many parents heard of horrible stories about children being taken away by strangers. Responsible mothers should teach their children that the world is a dangerous place. So I felt relieved (松口气) when Drew ran towards me and took hold of a shovel (铲子). Then she looked me in the eye: “I want to be with the person.”

Again, she approached the middle-aged man, and started digging next to him.

Several seconds later, she returned, waving something shiny.

“Look, Mommy! A toy fish!”

It was, indeed, a toy fish—yellow and rubber. This must have been what he was using to attract the fish. And he’d given it to Drew. The three other children were deeply impressed, and they didn’t try to hide how jealous(妒忌的)they were—clearly, they all wanted the fish.

“My friend gave me that fish!” Drew shouted loudly. The sand in front of the umbrella turned into a preschool cage match with a yellow rubber fish flying through the air. I felt like I might cry myself.

Unexpectedly, there he was: the man, standing right next to us with three more rubber fish in hand. He handed them to each of the children. By their faces, you would have thought he was actually the really kind big brother.

“Thank you,” I said, realizing that there is good and kindness in strangers.

1. How did the author feel when Drew stood beside the man?

A. Relieved B. Angry C. Concerned D. Calm

2. The author thinks good mothers should _______.

A. be around their kids

B. warn their kids of danger

C. teach their kids to behave well

D. devote themselves to helping their kids

3.The author was at a loss （迷茫）when_______.

A. Drew handed her the toy fish

B. the kids fought for the toy fish

C. the toy fish was covered with sand

D. the stranger appeared from nowhere

4.What would be the best title for the text?

A. Give a kid a fish

B. We are good mothers

C. The world is dangerous

D. Teach kids to be kind

Those who are used to looking through thousands of books in big bookstores may find Japan’s Morioka Shoten a little strange. That’s because this tiny bookstore that is located in Ginza, Tokyo sells only a single book at a time.

Opened in May 2015, Morioka Shoten is the brainchild of Yoshiyuki Morioka. The experienced bookseller began his career as a bookstore clerk in Tokyo’s Kanda district before branching out to open his own store. It was here while organizing book readings that he realized that customers usually came into the store with one title in mind. Morioka began to wonder if a store could exist by selling many copies of just one single book. In November 2014, he partnered with his two friends, to establish a unique bookstore with the idea of “A Single Room, A Single Book.”

Like its offering, the bookstore is simple. The selections that are picked by Morioka change weekly and vary widely to attract customers with different interests. Recent choices include The True Deceiver, an award-winning Swedish novel by Tove Jansson, Hans Christian Andersen’s Fairy Tales, and a collection of artist Karl Blossfeldt’s photography of plants. Morioka has also chosen books written by famous Japanese authors Mimei Ogawa and Akito Akagi.

To highlight his only offering, Morioka often uses clever methods. For example，when selling a book about flowers, he decorated his shop with the ones that had been mentioned in the book. He also encourages authors to hold talks and discussions so they can connect with customers. Morioka says his goal is for the customers to experience being inside a book, not just a bookstore!

Risky as the idea might seem, things appear to be going well. Morioka says he has sold over 2,100 books since he opened it. Things can get better considering that (考虑到) his bookstore is becoming increasingly popular not just among the locals but also visitors from other countries.

1.What inspired Morioka to open such a bookstore?

A. A Swedish novel

B. His present partner

C. A bookstore clerk

D. His working experience

2.Why is Morioka Shoten unique?

A. It is popular with foreigners .

B. It sells books of different topics.

C. It is decorated with colorful flowers.

D. It sells various copies of a book in a week.

3. Why does Morioka encourage authors to hold talks?

A. To introduce his bookstore.

B. To advocate（倡导） his philosophy.

C. To make books better understood.

D. To help readers connect with each other.

4. What’s the author’s opinion about the bookstore’s future?

A. Risky B. Optimistic

C. Unpredictable D. Hopeless

For most caffeine(咖啡因)consumers, its main benefit is that it helps you get more done. This is what makes it unusual, says Stephen Braun, author of Buzz: The Science and Lore of Alcohol and Caffeine.

“Its appeal is that it helps us earn more money,” he adds. “What makes it different from other drugs is that it’s used as a productivity tool –– not for pleasure.”

Many of history’s creative minds have also been connected with a large amount of caffeine consumption (消耗).

According to one biographer, the French novelist and playwright Balzac drank as many as 50 cups of coffee a day. “Were it not for coffee one could not write, which is to say one could not live,” he once insisted.

For seven years, the film-maker David Lynch ate at the same Los Angeles diner every day, drinking up to seven sweetened cups of coffee “with lots of sugar” in one sitting, which he said would guarantee that “lots of ideas” arrived.

Ludwig van Beethoven was said to have painstakingly counted out exactly 60 coffee beans per cup when he brewed(煮)coffee.

Perhaps recent tales of caffeine excess (过量) featured the singer Robbie Williams, who reportedly consumed 36 cups of black coffee and 20 cans of Red Bull a day.

It is the routine task itself, as much as the stimulating(刺激的)effects of caffeine, that makes the process so important, says Mason Currey, author of Daily Rituals: How Artists Work. “A lot of artists use the process of making coffee as a gateway to the creative process,” he adds. “You need to get into the right mindset to do that sort of work, and the preparation process provides a focus.”

One problem with attempting to control caffeine, says Braun, is that it affects everyone differently –– it is impossible to work out a “safe” limit that works for everyone. “Eventually, you have to become your own scientist –– there isn’t an alternative to careful self-experimentation,” he says.

1.The examples of some famous people are given to show that _______.

A. most artists like drinking coffee

B. drinking coffee helps artists make more money

C. there’s a link between drinking coffee and creating ideas

D. drinking coffee makes artists become more successful

2.What leads to the artists’ creative process according to Mason Currey?

A. Being lost in thought. B. Drinking the coffee.

C. Brewing the coffee. D. Getting a good mindset.

3.What does Braun advise us to do in the end?

A. To drink less coffee.

B. Never to limit caffeine use.

C. To work out a safe level of caffeine use.

D. Never to take more coffee than you need.