Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one’s fellow man?

Not so, say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to seek the reasons why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.

Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma from diabetes(糖尿病)? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?

Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it steam pipes? Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency.

Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won’t get the help he needs.

The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be tested. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the tests. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the testing room and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.

Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.

In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.

Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person’s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.

1. The purpose of this passage is ____________.

A. to explain why people fail to act in emergencies

B. to explain when people will act in emergencies

C. to explain what people will do in emergencies

D. to explain how people feel in emergencies

2.The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when ____________.

A. they are in pairs B. they are in groups

C. they are alone D. they are with their friends

3. The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that ____________.

A. they are afraid of emergencies

B. they are unwilling to get themselves involved

C. others will act if they themselves hesitate

D. they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help

4.The author suggests that ____________.

A. we shouldn’t blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies

B. a person must feel guilty if he fails to help

C. people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies

D. when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway

Filmmaker Jennifer Nelson had to pay $1,500 to have “Happy Birthday to You” sung in the movie she’s making. The money went to Warner Music Group, a company that claims to own the copyright on the song. A copyright is the legal right to use or sell a creative product such as a song, a TV show, a book, or a work of art. Warner has claimed the copyright for “Happy Birthday to You” since 1988.

“I never thought the song was owned by anyone,” Nelson said in an e-mail to The New York Times. “I thought it belonged to everyone.”

Nelson’s movie is a documentary — a film that uses pictures and/or interviews with people to create a factual report of real-life events — and is actually about the history of the “Happy Birthday” song itself.

Two sisters named Mildred and Patty Hill wrote a song called “Good Morning to All” in 1893. Over a short period of time, people began to sing the words “happy birthday to you” in place of the original lyrics to the tune of the Hill sisters’ song.

A number of history experts say that there is no record of who actually wrote the “Happy Birthday to You” lyrics. Historians also say there is no way to know when the general public began singing the “Happy Birthday” song, but they believe it was being sung by the public long before it was printed and owned by a company.

Nelson’s lawyers say this piece of music’s history proves that “Happy Birthday to You” belongs to everyone in the general public. That would mean Warner Music Group has no right to charge anyone a fee to sing the song in any setting.

Experts estimate that Warner/ Chappell, the publishing division of the Warner Music Group, has made about $2 million a year from licensing fees for “Happy Birthday to You.”

Nelson’s lawyers are asking a court in New York City to order Warner/Chappell to return fees they have collected over the past four years for use of the “Happy Birthday” song.

1.Jennifer Nelson had to pay Warner Music Group to ____________.

A. own the copyright on a song

B. have a song sung in her movie

C. have it play a song in her movie

D. have it write a song for her movie

2.The history experts’ statement can prove that the “Happy Birthday” song ____________.

A. has always been very popular

B. has more than 200 years’ history

C. does not belong to Warner Music Group

D. was initially owned by another company

3.According to Nelson’s lawyers, to sing the “Happy Birthday” song, people ____________.

A. should pay the Hill sisters

B. need not pay for any purpose

C. should pay Warner Music Group

D. need not pay except for commercial use

4. If the court supports Nelson’s lawyers’ claim, ____________.

A. Warner will return about $8 million

B. she can obtain the copyright on the song

C. Warner will have to pay her for her damages

D. she only needs to pay a little money to use the song

We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen? When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck? And Paul - why didn’t pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car? When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it’s too late.

Why do we go wrong about our friends - or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don’t really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You’re a lucky dog.” That’s being friendly. But lucky dog? There’s a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn’t see it himself. But bringing in the dog bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn’t think you deserve your luck.

Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important. It’s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven’t got a date for Saturday night.

How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.

1. This passage is mainly about ____________.

A. how to interpret what people say

B. what to do when you listen to others talking

C. how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people

D. why we go wrong with people sometimes

2.According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that ____________.

A. we fail to listen carefully when they talk

B. people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say

C. people usually state one thing but mean another

D. we tend to doubt what our friends say

3.The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to ____________.

A. being friendly B. a bit of envy

C. lucky dog D. your luck

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Today our life and work rarely feel light or pleasant. Instead, the whole experience of being alive begins to melt into one enormous obligation(责任). 1.____

We say this to one another with great pride. 2. We are unavailable to our friends and family, unable to find time for the sunset, to finish off our obligations without time for a single mindful breath. This seems to have become the model of a successful life.

Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We lose the relaxation that gives us help. 3. Poisoned by the belief that good things come only through tireless effort, we never truly rest. This is not the world we dreamed of when we were young. But how did we get so terribly rushed in a world filled with work and responsibility, yet it lacks joy and delight?

4. Sunday is the time to enjoy and celebrate what is beautiful and good, time to sing songs, give thanks, and walk. It is time to be refreshed as we stop our work, our chores and our important projects.

Sunday is more than the absence of work. Many of us, in our desperate drive to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, feel terrible guilty when we take time to rest. 5. Many of us still recall when, not long ago, shops and offices were closed on Sundays. Those quiet Sunday afternoons are deep in our cultural memory.

A. We also miss the quiet that gives us wisdom.

B. All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.

C. It becomes the standard greeting everywhere, “I am so busy.”

D. We work through day and night, feeling rather exhausted.

E. But the Sunday has proven its wisdom over the ages.

F. The reason is simple: we have forgotten the Sunday.

G. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others.

完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I was in my third year of teaching creative writing at a high school in New York, when one of my students, 15-year-old Micky, gave me a note from his mother. It ___________ his absence from class the day before.

I had seen Micky himself writing the note at his desk. Most parental-excuse notes I received were penned by my ___________ . The forged(伪造的) excuse notes made a large pile, with writing that ranged from imaginative to crazy. The ___________ of those notes didn’t realize that honest excuse notes were usually ___________ : “Peter was late because the alarm clock didn’t go off.”

The students always said that it was hard putting 200 words together on any subject, but when they ___________ excuse notes, they were brilliant.

So one day I gave the excuse notes to my classes, saying, “They’re ___________ to be written by parents, but actually they are not. True, Micky ? ” The students looked at me ___________ .

“Now, this will be the first class to study the ___________ of the excuse notes --- the first class, ever, to practice writing them. You’re so ___________ to have a teacher like me who has taken your best writing and turned it into a ___________ worthy of study. ”

Everyone smiled as I went on, “You used your ___________. So try more now. Today I’d like you to write ‘An Excuse Note from Adam/Eve to God’.” ___________ went down. Pens raced ___________ paper. For the first time ever I saw students so ___________ in their writing that they had to be asked to go to lunch by their friends.

The next day everyone had excuse notes. ___________ discussions followed. The headmaster entered the classroom and walked ___________ , looking at papers, and then said, “I’d like you to see me in my office.” My heart ___________ .

When I stepped into his office, he came to ___________ my hand and said, “I just want to tell you that that lesson, that task, whatever the hell you were doing, was ___________ . Those kids were writing on the college ___________. Thank you. ”

1.A. explained B. described C. introduced D. announced

2.A. parents B. students C. teachers D. partners

3.A. editors B. readers C. writers D. speakers

4.A. true B. false C. easy D. dull

5.A. produced B. considered C. imagined D. delivered

6.A. designed B. collected C. supposed D. improved

7.A. eagerly B. nervously C. excitedly D. coldly

8.A. form B. difficulty C. meaning D. art

9.A. lucky B. helpful C. lovely D. active

10.A. talent B. habit C. product D. subject

11.A. devotion B. imagination C. concentration D. information

12.A. hands B. eyes C. heads D. ears

13.A. across B. with C. against D. behind

14.A. curious B. careful C. casual D. calm

15.A. Separated B. Surprising C. Heated D. Lasting

16.A. day and night B. in and out C. now and then D. up and down

17.A. sank B. rose C. flew D. hurt

18.A. watch B. touch C. shake D. catch

19.A. sure B. dim C. tough D. great

20.A. base B. level C. paper D. theme

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

In this constantly changing world, how to put the knowledge 1. (gain) every day into 2. (real) has interested numerous people. As a proverb goes, “Knowledge is a treasure, but practice is the key 3. it.” Apparently, this saying 4. (try) to deliver the message 5. we ought not to stop practicing it if we 6. (true) want to master the knowledge we learn,

There are several reasons 7. (account) for this statement. To begin with, human beings are forgetful beings; therefore, only when we use knowledge, make 8. (mistake), and try to use it again will we be able to remember it by our heart. Moreover, knowledge has become growingly complicated and we can seldom grasp the essence of it if we do not practice it again and again.

Practicing, to sum up, 9. (be) of greatest importance for those who are determined to learn knowledge well. As a student, I hope that the young can focus more attention on practicing 10. they learn.

书面表达

假设你是李华，上个月去英国参加了一次夏令营活动，活动期间一直住在Mr. Smith家中。他们给你提供了很多帮助，请写一封感谢信表达对他们的感谢。

内容要点：1. 感谢Smith夫妇；

2. 你的感受；

3. 邀请Smith夫妇来华旅游。

注意: 1. 词数：100字左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith,

How are you doing?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

Assistant Professor, Musical Theatre Dance

Wichita State University seeks a full-time, 9-month assistant professor, beginning in August. Applicants are required to have a degree in dance area, teaching experience at a professional or college level, ability to direct and teach stage movement. The salary depends on qualifications and experience.

For complete information, visit http://finearts.wichita.edu.

Full Professor in Theatre and Dance

The Department of Theatre & Dance at the University of California at San Diego (http://www-theatre.uscd.edu) is seeking an experienced theatre artist in lighting design. Applicants must work for us for at least one year. Significant professional experience is required. This position is expected to teach at both graduate and undergraduate levels.

A review of applications will start on June 1st. Application deadline: September 1st.

Technical Director in Performing and Fine Arts

DeSales University’s Performing and Fine Arts Department seeks a highly skilled, professional technical director. The position is a 10-month staff position with the possibility of summer employment with the Pennsylvania Shakespeare Festival. Professional experience is required; MFA is preferred.

Please email materials to john.bell@desales.edu. Screening of applications begins immediately and will continue until the position is filled.

Assistant Director— Media Resources Center

Maryland Institute College of Art is seeking an Assistant Director of Media Resources Center in the Academic Affairs Division.

Qualifications for the position include a degree in Art History or related fields with knowledge of art and design history, library experience, excellent interpersonal and communication skills and familiarity with photoshop and scanning.

A review of applications will begin immediately; job announcements will remain open until the position is filled. Applicants are required to work for us at least 11 months. They can send emails to jobs@mica.edu. The salary differs depending on your experience. Please include your desired salary in your application letter.

1.What ad may an applicant pay close attention to if he/she has 9.5-month free time?

A. Technical Director in Performing and Fine Arts.

B. Assistant Director— Media Resources Center.

C. Assistant Professor, Musical Theatre Dance.

D. Full Professor in Theatre and Dance.

2.Which can you apply to if you have excellent interpersonal and communication skills?

A. Maryland Institute College of Art.

B. The University of California.

C. DeSales University.

D. Wichita State University.

3.What can we learn from the advertisements?

A. All the job announcements will remain open until the positions are filled.

B. All the reviews of applications will begin immediately.

C. All the jobs mentioned above promise a good salary.

D. All the jobs mentioned in the text require experience.

Seated in a convertible (敞篷车) with the top down at 60 miles an hour, Mary looked at the flies that sat on top of Mark’s hair. How could they stay there? She wondered.

Mary had not seen Mark in years, until the other day when he came into the café where she worked. His appearance was different from when he was in high school. Now, he was a bit fat and thick glasses covered his eyes. However, that didn’t change Mary’s feelings for him at all. He had just bought a brand new red sports car and asked her if she would like to go for a ride and then have dinner with him. Her heart beat with excitement as he opened the door for her. She noticed something very strange as Mark got into the car and started to drive away. On the hair was a group of flies just sitting there.

Mary stared in amazement. It seemed the faster they drove, the more determined the flies were to stick to his hair.

Mary remained silent. She leaned forward and turned the radio on, to try to divert her attention away from the flies, but she couldn’t help thinking about them. She looked up at Mark, who was completely devoted to what was going on and continued to sing to the music while driving merrily along.

Finally, Mark pulled the vehicle over to the side of the road beside a diner and looked in the mirror and said, “Mary, I would like to comb my hair before we get something to eat. Could you reach under the seat and give me my hair cream?”

Mary reached under the seat and pulled out a camping backpack, which contained a round jar and started to laugh wildly as she pointed to the label (商标).

“That’s not hair cream on your hair, Mark! It says it’s Fly Trap Glue!”

1.What can we learn from the text?

A. Mark had bought a new sports car for Mary.

B. Mark used to be a thin, handsome boy.

C. Mark and Mary had been in love for years.

D. Mary felt strange when she saw the red car.

2.What does the underlined word “divert” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Replace. B. Absorb. C. Take. D. Recover.

3.Why did Mary burst into laughter?

A. Because Mary played a trick on Mark.

B. Because their ride wasn’t well prepared.

C. Because Mark had prepared a jar of hair cream for her.

D. Because Mark had mistaken Fly Trap Glue for hair cream.

4.What can be the best title for this passage?

A. Stuck on you. B. Unchanged love.

C. A hair trick. D. A wonderful ride.

In order to increase their job chances after college, Chinese students are turning to a special practice—Eiffel Tower nose jobs (鼻整形手术). The latest trend in plastic surgery promises to create a nose that is similar to the curve of the Eiffel Tower.

Surgeon Wang Xuming said: “We are influenced by the beauty of the Eiffel Tower. We are not content to just add something to the nose; we reconstruct it.” The surgery costs about US$ 10,000 and involves the enlarging of the nose using tissue from the forehead.

Hundreds of posters advertising the procedure are put up all over Chongqing city, where surgeon Xuming runs his private practice. They show a western-looking woman with an almost-too-perfect nose, against an outline of the Eiffel Tower.

Interestingly, many young women in China are eager to achieve a western appearance, as they believe it will give them an advantage in the highly competitive job market. “Some students face a lot of employment pressure after graduation. If their facial features are good, they’ll have more chances of finding a job,” said surgeon Xuming. “We’ve had students getting the Eiffel Tower nose; it’s helped them a lot.”

Apparently, Chinese employers are quite particular about appearances and prefer attractive candidates. Some of them even go as far as putting height and weight requirements in their employment ads. Plastic surgeons across the country are reporting an increase in the number of students choosing beauty “improvement”.

According to a Mr. Li, hospital manager at surgeon Xuming’s clinic, most of their customers are female and the bill is taken care of by the family. “They usually come in with their mothers, and tend to be from well-off backgrounds.” he said.

Personally, I don’t think it so important to “improve” our appearance as long as we are skilled at our jobs. We can’t decide how we look, but we can decide how well we live and work.

1.Why do Chinese college students choose to have a nose operation?

A. To have more chances of getting a job.

B. To gain a real westerner appearance.

C. To Take good care of their family.

D. To look like the Eiffel Tower.

2.What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?

A. The city of Chongqing.

B. A plastic surgery procedure.

C. The posters advertising the surgery.

D. Xuming’s private practice.

3.What can we learn from Mr. Li’s words?

A. Most families can’t afford the expensive operation.

B. Their customers are usually from wealthy families.

C. Patients can be well looked after at the clinic.

D. The number of plastic surgeons is increasing.

4.Which of the following will the author probably agree with?

A. Chinese employers only care about their employees’ appearance.

B. Chinese students are content with the shape of their noses.

C. A western face looks prettier than a Chinese one.

D. Skills at work speak louder than appearance.