We do not know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history. Historical evidence shows, for example, that people who lived over 3,000 years ago ate salted fish. Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used to preserve (保存) the dead.

Stealing salt was considered a major crime (罪行) during some periods of history. In the eighteenth century, for example, if a person was caught stealing salt, he could be put in prison and his ears could be cut off.

In the Roman Empire, one of the most important roads was the one that carried salt from the salt mines to Rome. Guards were stationed(安置) along the route to protect against salt thieves, and they received their pay in salt, thus bringing the English word, salary. Any guard who fell asleep while on duty was thought to be “not worth his salt”, and as a result he would get a little less salt on his next payday. The expression, “not worth his salt”, is still used today in English.

In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining table. It is used in making glass and airplane parts, in the growing of crops, and in the killing of weeds (杂草). It is also used to make water soft, to melt (融化) ice on roads and highways, to make soap, and to fix colors in cloth.

Salt can be got in various ways besides being taken from mines underground. Salt water from the ocean, salt water lakes or small seas can be used to make salt. Yet, no matter where it comes from, salt will continue to play an important role in the lives of people everywhere.

1.According to the text, salt can be used in the following EXCEPT _____.

A. keeping dead bodies

B. punishing thieves

C. protecting crops

D. making industrial products

2.In the Roman Empire many people were employed as guards to _____.

A. protect the city of Rome

B. watch people carrying salt

C. prevent thieves from stealing salt

D. carry salt from the mines to Rome

3.The expression “not worth his salt” used today refers to the one who _____.

A. fails to do his work well

B. should not be paid in salt

C. doesn’t want to work at all

D. should use less salt

4.The main purpose of the text is to tell readers _____.

A. how salt was found and got

B. salt is important in people’s life

C. salt was difficult to get in the past

D. what salt brings to the English language

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Ways to sleep smarter

Studies show that poor sleep influences people to make good decisions, concentrate on tasks or even manage a friendly mood(情绪) at work. ___1.__ Today we’ve got our top favorite sleep tips and facts.

Set a regular bedtime

__2.___Choose a time when you normally feel tired. Try not to break this routine(惯例) on weekends when you will probably stay up late. If you want to change your bedtime, make the change gradually, such as 15 minutes earlier or later each day.

Eat the right food

Some foods are more helpful to a better night’s sleep than others. __3.__ Others like bananas, potatoes, and whole-wheat bread are also helpful.

__4.__

Exercising provides lots of good health benefits(好处). A good night’s sleep is one of them. But make sure you exercise in the morning or afternoon. The National Sleep Foundation reports that exercise in the morning or afternoon can help deepen sleep. However, those who worked out in the evening hours saw little or no improvement in their sleep.

Reduce(减少) screen time before bed

_5.___ A recent study shows that people who use electronic media(媒体) just before bedtime report lower-quality sleep even when they get as much sleep as those who don’t.

A. Avoid the alarm clock.

B. Exercise to improve sleep.

C. Try to solve problems in your sleep.

D. Go to bed at the same time every night.

E. There are many ways to increase the quality of your sleep.

F. Everybody knows that warm milk helps people sleep better.

G. Stop watching TV just before bedtime and you’ll sleep better.

完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上涂黑。

Mr. West wanted to buy his wife a Christmas present, but he was always very_________, so he was never able to find time to go to the shop. At last, when it was the week_________ Christmas, and the shops were very crowded, he decided that he could not _________any longer. He worked in an office, and _________had lunch in a restaurant, but one day he bought some sandwiches, ate them _________ and went out to a big shop near his _________ during his lunch hour.

The shop was full of women, who were also buying _________during their lunch hour. Mr. West stood _________at the edge of the crowd of_________ who were pushing forward to try to get to the people who were_________ necklaces and earrings. He tried to move forwards slowly, taking his turn with the others, but more and more women were_________into the shop the whole time and pushing selfishly(自私地) _________ him. After half an hour, he was just as_________from the people who were selling the necklaces as he had been when he came in, and his lunch hour was coming to _________ , so he decided to change his _________ of doing things: he put his head down, gave a sudden loud shout and started to _________his way towards the _________of the crowd as hard as he could.

The women around him became very _________when they saw what he was doing, and began to scold(责备) him. “Why can’t you behave(做事) like a _________ ?” they shouted.

“Ladies,” he answered them, “I have been behaving like a gentleman for the past half an hour, and it has got me _________, so now I am starting to behave like a lady.

1.A. busy B. lazy C. unwilling D. forgetful

2.A. behind B. around C. before D. after

3.A. work B. stay C. think D. wait

4.A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. usually

5.A. slowly B. quickly C. eagerly D. happily

6.A. car B. house C. office D. restaurant

7.A. clothes B. sandwiches C. food D. presents

8.A. politely B. quietly C. alone D. freely

9.A. men B. women C. children D. strangers

10.A. examining B. choosing C. selling D. buying

11.A. going B. coming C. entering D. running

12.A. past B. behind C. for D. against

13.A. near B. far C. up D. out

14.A. an end B. a top C. a stop D. the limit

15.A. idea B. way C. measure D. plan

16.A. step B. go C. push D. pull

17.A. center B. edge C. back D. front

18.A. surprised B. angry C. afraid D. nervous

19.A. woman B. lady C. child D. gentleman

20.A. nowhere B. anywhere C. somewhere D. everywhere

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Body language is one of the most powerful1.__________(mean) of communication, often even more powerful2._____ spoken language. People around the world show many kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. 3.______ is possible to "read" others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their 4.__________ (speak) communication. Of course, body language can be misread, 5._____ many gestures and actions are universal.

The most universal 6.______ (face) expression is, of course, the smile- its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are7._______ (true) happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false8.__________(hide) other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone" 9._____ (lose) face" and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good 10._________ (feel).

根据所缺单词的首字母或汉语意思，写出单词的正确形式。(每空限写一词)。

1.They said at the meeting that they _____ (代表) the committee.

2.In this sense, children and a_____ have equal rights.

3.Most children watch _____ (动画片) on Saturday mornings.

4.Jim decided to leave school for v_____ reasons.

5.Unlike his brother, he has a good sense of _____ (幽默).

从所给的短语中选用恰当短语，并用其正确形式完成句子。

at ease, feel content with, in general, get close to, come to life

1.I spent my holiday in the countryside last summer and I ___________ my life there.

2.My son didn't feel completely ________ in the strange surroundings.

3.___________, riding a bike is more convenient than driving a car in big cities.

4.The new teacher's arrival made the class _____________.

5.The firefighters were not able to __________ the building that is on fire.

短文改错

英语课上，老师要求同学相互修改作文。假设以下文章为你同桌所写，请你对其进行修改。文章中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dollywood is one of the most unique theme park in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrate America's traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood had rides, the park's main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform here all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People come all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects on the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy where American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train still work in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wood roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have a fun learning all about America's historical southeastern culture.

书面表达

假如你是高中生李华，你的朋友李明在学校住宿，他写信告诉你他因不善于交友而苦恼。请你给他写一封回信并提出一些建议。

要点如下：

1. 要善于乐于助人；

2. 多与他人交流；

3. 多参加学校活动。

注意：

1. 词数：100左右；

2. 要点齐全，书写工整。

3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Li Ming,

Yours,

Li Hua

完形填空

I live in a big city with a lot of homeless people.Luckily there’re some ways of helping them and you needn’t have a lot of ________ .One way to help is to buy their monthly magazine. ________ doing this one day,I got to ________a young homeless man.He was often ________ the magazine at the train station.

He was a poor farmer from another country.After a while,I discovered that his ________ was close to mine.It ________ that we were born in the same month.

I met him last year ________ after his birthday,and after congratulating him,without ________ ,I asked if he had had a good day.He ________ and said that he hadn’t really celebrated.I felt so ________.

I just couldn’t bear the thought of(不敢想)this nice,young man being ________ on his 25th birthday with no presents,no cake,nothing!So I went home and looked in my yarn(纱线)basket. ________ for me,I had enough yarn ________ .I set to work and knitted(编织)a ________ for the young man.The yarn had become a little dirty ________ I didn’t knit very often.Then I washed the yarn so the scarf would be ________when he got it.

I met him on my own birthday as I was going shopping.I had ________ to meet him so I had ________ the scarf and a piece of my own birthday ________ around with me.He was very happy with these gifts and so was I.The ________ in his eyes was the best present he could have given me!

1.A.work B.energy C.money D.experience

2.A.In B.On C.Besides D.By

3.A.realize B.ignore C.know D.recognize

4.A.selling B.reading C.covering D.buying

5.A.birthday B.house C.height D.hobby

6.A.said B.found C.guessed D.meant

7.A.long B.shortly C.ever D.even

8.A.stopping B.helping C.praising D.thinking

9.A.looked up B.turned up C.looked down D.got down

10.A.foolish B.excited C.clever D.worried

11.A.calm B.happy C.alone D.hungry

12.A.Suddenly B.Luckily C.Badly D.However

13.A.used B.done C.left D.produced

14.A.scarf B.cap C.sock D.glove

15.A.when B.because C.so D.and

16.A.different B.dry C.wet D.clean

17.A.liked B.hoped C.promised D.agreed

18.A.made B.thrown C.received D.carried

19.A.cake B.present C.song D.party

20.A.light B.pain C.sight D.tear

阅读理解.

A new World Bank report warns that children who do not get enough good food in the first two years of life suffer lasting damage.They may be underdeveloped or underweight.They may suffer from poor health or limited intelligence.Besides,these children are more likely to drop out of school and earn less money as adults.

The report notes that too little food is not the only cause of poor nutrition.Many children who live in homes with plenty of food suffer for other reasons.

The study also connects malnutrition(营养不良)to economic growth in poor countries.A lack of nutrition in early childhood can cost developing nations up to three percent of their yearly earnings.Many of these countries have same economic problems that are growing at a rate of two to three percent yearly.The study suggests that poor countries could possibly double their economic growth if they improved nutrition.

Africa and South Asia are affected the most by poor nutrition.The study says about half of all children in India do not get enough good food.The World Bank study also notes that rates of malnutrition in South Asia are almost double those in central and southern Africa.Other parts of the world are also seriously affected,including Indonesia,Uzbekistan,Yemen,Guatemala and Peru.

The study recommends that developing countries change their ways to deal with malnutrition.Instead of directly providing food,the study suggests educational programs in health and nutrition for mothers with young babies.It also recommends cleaner living conditions and improvements in health care.

The World Bank nutrition specialist Meera Shekar said the period of life between pregnancy(怀孕)and two years is very important.Governments should take direct action to improve nutrition for children during this period.

1.Paragraph 3 mainly tells us .

A.malnutrition is the most serious problem in developing countries

B.the relationship between malnutrition and a nation’s economic growth

C.how to develop economics quickly

D.economy is developing slowly in developing countries

2.The underlined word “recommends” in the fifth paragraph probably means .

A.proves B.shows

C.suggests D.orders

3.What would be the BEST title for the passage?

A.Poor Nutrition in the Developing Countries

B.A New World Bank Report

C.Problems in Africa and South Asia

D.Care for Children

4.According to the World Bank report,which of the following is a way to deal with malnutrition?

A.Control the population growth.

B.Pay attention to the economic growth in developing countries.

C.Provide enough food directly to poor children.

D.Educate mothers with young babies in health and nutrition.