A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.

A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.

There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two - headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar (奇怪的, 异常的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their cases were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl -friend.

No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.

1.The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is .

A.repeated without any change

B.treated as a joke

C.set in the present

D.made some changes by the parent

2.The advantage claimed for repeating fairy stories to young children is that it .

A.develops their power of memory

B.makes them less fearful

C.makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of

D.encourages them not to have strange beliefs

3.The author's mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that .

A.fairy stories are still being made up

B.there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales

C.people try to modernize old fairy stories

D.there is more concern for children's fears nowadays

4.One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that .

A.they are full of imagination

B.they make teachers of history difficult to teach

C.they are not interesting

D.they just make up the stories which are far from the truth

完形填空

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白的最佳选项。

I live in a big city with a lot of homeless people. Luckily there’re small ways of helping them and you needn’t have a lot of ________ . One way to help is to buy their monthly magazine. ________ doing this one day,I got to ________ a young homeless man. He was often ________ the magazine at the train station.

He was a poor farmer from another country. After a while,I discovered that his________ was close to mine. It ________ that we were born in the same month.

I met him last year________ after his birthday,and after congratulating(祝贺) him,without ________ ,I asked if he had had a good day. He ________ and said that he hadn’t really celebrated. I felt so ________ .

I just couldn’t bear the thought of(不敢想) this nice,young man being ________on his 25th birthday with no presents,no cake,nothing!So I went home and looked in my yarn(纱线) basket. ________ for me,I had enough yarn ________. I set to work and knitted(编织) a ________ for the young man. The yarn had become a little dirty ________I didn’t knit very often. Then I washed the yarn so the scarf would be ________ when he got it.

I met him on my own birthday as I was going shopping. I had ________ to meet him so I had ________ the scarf and a piece of my own birthday ________ around with me. He was very happy with these gifts and so was I.The ________ in his eyes was the best present he could have given me!

1.A.work B.energy C.money D.experience

2.A.In B.On C.Besides D.By

3.A.realize B.ignore C.know D.recognize

4.A.selling B.reading C.covering D.buying

5.A.birthday B.house C.height D.hobby

6.A.said B.found C.guessed D.meant

7.A.long B.shortly C.ever D.even

8.A.stopping B.helping C.praising D.thinking

9.A.looked up B.turned up C.looked down D.got down

10.A.foolish B.excited C.clever D.worried

11.A.calm B.happy C.alone D.hungry

12.A.Suddenly B.Luckily C.Badly D.However

13.A.used B.done C.left D.produced

14.A.scarf B.cap C.sock D.glove

15.A.when B.because C.so D.and

16.A.different B.dry C.wet D.clean

17.A.liked B.hoped C.promised D.agreed

18.A.made B.thrown C.received D.carried

19.A.cake B.present C.song D.party

20.A.light B.pain C.sight D.tear

Do you know about a series of books that say they are “for dummies”? These American self-help books have been translated into more than thirty-nine languages including Chinese, Arabic, Russian, French, German, Greek and Spanish.

“Dummy” is a word for a stupid person. The dummies books are not really for stupid people. They are designed to show people how to do something they may never have tried before, like painting a house or learning a language. The books all say in a funny way that they are for dummies, such as World History for Dummies, Rabbits for Dummies, Chinese Cooking for Dummies, and Wedding Planning for Dummies. The first such book, DOS for Dummies, was published in 1991. It helped people learn how to use the DOS operating system for computers. Since then, more than one hundred fifty million dummies books have been sold.

The dummies.com website explains the idea behind the books. It says that they show that people can be taught to do anything. First they can make fun of ideas that are difficult to understand. Then they show how the information can be interesting and easy. The publishers say that the books do not provide more information than necessary. They give readers just enough information to do what they want. They say that the dummies books give the best and easiest way to do something. And the books use simple and easy language.

There are more than one thousand different dummies books. A report in New York Times says that the top-selling dummies books are those that explain technology and personal finance.

The publishers say that the best-selling dummies books are those providing information many people need — like information about diseases, education and cooking. People interested in opera, car repair and wine can also find dummies books to help them. And there are even more dummies books to come. The publishers say that they publish about two hundred new dummies books every year.

1.Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?

A. Self-Help Books B. The Easiest, the Best

C. Books for Dummies D. New Ideas behind the Books

2.The dummies books have been popular because __________.

A. they provide just what is needed and are easy to understand

B. they provide abundant information on the concerning subject

C. people can learn to do anything with just one copy

D. people can save lots of money through self-teaching

3.According to New York Times, we know that books on __________ sell best.

A. cooking and world history

B. opera and car repairing

C. diseases and education

D. technology and personal finance

Even if trees cannot walk, they are still on the move.

In parts of the Arctic, entire forests are moving northward. Across the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. As that happens, the tree line that marks where forests stop and the treeless tundra (冻土地带)starts has been shifting northward. Trees growing along the tree line must protect themselves from the cold wind. To do this, plants tend to grow horizontal (水平的)branches low to the ground. The energy it takes for trees to grow this way means they don't have enough energy to make seeds.

But as Earth's climate has been warming, trees no longer have to just grow horizontally. Many can instead grow up toward the sky. This takes less energy. And with all the leftover energy. these trees have started producing more seeds. This happens especially in places where the white spruce (白云杉)grows.

White spruce, which is a North American tree, is quite able to produce a lot of seeds, which can move long distances in the wind. When wind-blown seeds end up on the tundra beyond the tree line, they eventually can sprout (发芽) new trees. This explains how a forest can move. Of course, the process would work only if the tundra were warm enough. But in recent years, the whole planet has been warming.

New trees will provide shelters for some snow, keeping the sun’s rays from making the white surface disappear. Instead, the trees absorb the sun's heat. This warms the surrounding air. The extra warmth encourages even more trees to produce seeds. That further boosts a forest's ability to expand. In addition, more trees will trap more snow, preventing much of it from being blown away. Snow can trap heat in the soil below,which encourages trees to grow. The recent rise of temperature has helped more trees grow. The recent rise of temperatures has helped more trees grow past the tree line. People worry about impacts on the animals that depend on frozen conditions for food and shelter.

1.What is the main cause of the trees in the Arctic moving northward?

A. The rising temperature.

B. The shrinking of northern tundra.

C. The fierce and cold wind.

D. The abundant resources in the north.

2.What does the underlined word, “this”, in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. To produce more seeds.

B. To move northward

C. To respond to the climate change.

D. To protect themselves from the cold wind.

3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. New trees can trap the snow, which may make the soil colder.

B. The trapped snow prevents new trees from producing more seeds.

C. New trees can make the surrounding air warmer.

D. New trees can bring more food and shelter for local animals.

4.The passage is most probably taken from _______.

A. a health report B. a science report

C. a fashion magazine D. a children's magazine

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