Life in the Clear Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,“These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they’re eating it,or unless something is eating them.”

And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through?It’s trickier than you might think.

The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射)light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.

But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light,at least not very much.Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water.You don’t see it—you see the things behind it.

To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素)that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments,so its tissues won’t absorb light.According to Johnsen,avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.

Animals are built of many different materials—skin,fat,and more—and light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed,it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light,it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-like(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it.

Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how they’re doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear for these larger animals,staying transparent is an active process.When they die,they turn a non-transparent milky white.

1.According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals

A. stay in groups

B. can be easily damaged

C. appear only in deep ocean

D. are beautiful creatures

2.The underlined word“dead”in Paragraph 3 means

A. silently

B. gradually

C. regularly

D. completely

【小题3One way for an animal to become transparent is to

A. change the direction of light travel

B. gather materials to scatter light

C. avoid the absorption of light

D. grow bigger to stop light

3.The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals

A. move more slowly in deep water

B. stay see-through even after death

C. produce more tissues for their survival

D. take effective action to reduce light spreading

Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.

Electronic Village Program(Thursday,June 18,2015)

Nearpod

·9:00 am to 10:00 am

·Room 501

Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context(语境)for students to learn vocabulary. The presenter will show how to use it.

TEO

·2:00 pm to 3:00 pm

·Room 502

Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same desire to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.

Kahoot

·10:30 am to 11:30 am

·Room 601

Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network. It can provide students with instant feedback(反馈),including reports about their strengths and weaknesses.

Prezi

·3:30 pm to 4:20 pm

·Room 602

Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students’attention to speaking more fluently. The presenter will show how students can use Prezi to confidently present on a variety of topics,including introducing family,friends,and hobbies.

1.Nearpod can be used to

A. offer grammar tests

B. teach listening on-line

C. help vocabulary learning

D. gain fluency in speaking

2.If you want to improve your speaking skills,you can go to

A. Room 501

B. Room 502

C. Room 601

D. Room 602

3.Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?

A. Nearpod.

B. Kahoot.

C. TEO.

D. Prezi.

4.A teacher who wants to learn on-line teaching is expected to arrive by

A. 9:00 am

B. 10:30 am

C. 2:00 pm

D. 3:30 pm

完形填空

Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age five with her family. While her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a(an) in medicine. At 18 she married and a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a Her husband supported her decision.

, Canadian medical schools did not women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study at the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to her medical degree. Upon graduation, Charlotte to Montreal and set up a private . Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlotte herself operating on damaged limbs and setting bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.

But Charlotte had been practicing without a license. She had a doctor’s license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was . The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an all-male board, wanted her to her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to her patients to spend time studying what she already knew. So in 1887, she appeared to the Manitoba Legislature to a license to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte to practice without a license until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.

In 1993, 77 years after her , a medical license was issued to Charlotte. This decision was made by the Manitoba Legislature to honor “this courageous and pioneering woman.”

1.A. raising B. teaching C. nursing D. missing

2.A. habit B. interest C. opinion D. voice

3.A. invented B. selected C. offered D. started

4.A. doctor B. musician C. lawyer D. physicist

5.A. Besides B. Unfortunately C. Otherwise D. Eventually

6.A. hire B. entertain C. trust D. accept

7.A. history B. physics C. medicine D. law

8.A. improve B. save C. design D. earn

9.A. returned B. escaped C. spread D. wandered

10.A. school B. museum C. clinic D. lab

11.A. busy B. wealthy C. greedy D. lucky

12.A. helped B. found C. troubled D. imagined

13.A. harmful B. tired C. broken D. weak

14.A. put away B. taken over C. turned in D. applied for

15.A. punished B. refused C. blamed D. fired

16.A. display B. change C. preview D. complete

17.A. leave B. charge C. test D. cure

18.A. sell B. donate C. issue D. show

19.A. continued B. promised C. pretended D. dreamed

20.A. birth B. death C. wedding D. graduation

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