In 1947,a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Aus?trian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music,dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after World War J .  

  It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness,Richard Bur-ton,Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras (交响乐团) .It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly.

  At the same time,the "Fringe" appeared as a challenge to the official fes?tival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that eve?ryone should have the right to perform,and they did so in a public house dis?used for years.

  Soon,groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University,and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.

  Today the "Fringe", once less recognized,has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre,music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing,some said it was getting too big.

  A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971,and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1. 25 million tickets were sold,

1. What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning?

   A. To bring Europe together again.

   B. To honour heroes of World War H .

   C. To introduce young theatre groups.

   D. To attract great artists from Europe.

2. Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?

   A. They owned a public house there.

   B. They came to take up a challenge.

   C. They thought they were also famous.

   D. They wanted to take part in the festival.

3. Who joined the "Fringe" after it appeared?

   A. Some little-known writers of plays.

   B. University students.

   C. Artists from around the world.

   D. Performers of music and dance.

4. We may learn from the text that Edinf) urgh Festival     .

   A. has become a non-official event

   B. has gone beyond an art festival

   C. gives shows all year round

   D. keeps growing rapidly

  At the age of seven I started taking violin lessons. I practised half an hour every day,went to lessons once a week,and occasionally played in a group concert. Like most kids,I always thought practising was boring. If my par?ents hadn't been there to make me practise,I probably would have put down my violin and never have picked it up again.

  I met Moira when I was 11 at an Irish music party. Moira hosted the par?ty that night,playing the violin,singing and dancing. She made sure that everyone in the room got involved and had a great time. I immediately fell in love with the music she played and the energy that she brought to it. Just a few days after that party,I took my first lesson with Moira,and I continued taking lessons with Moira throughout middle school.

  When I started playing the violin with Moira,playing music became something that I loved. She introduced me to so many types of music,from Irish to Old Time,to Cajun. Moira also taught me to play the guitar. Soon we started performing together and were shocked to discover that people actually wanted to hear us!When I began to play the violin,practising was something that I did at home in my living room,but with Moira's influence it quickly be?came something that I did everywhere. I played on street corners, at festivals,at the beach,at parties,at weddings,and late at night in my friends' kitchens.

  Moira took the music out of the classroom and brought it to life. Her pas-sion (激情) was not only for playing music,but also for sharing it. My time with Moira allowed me to grow both musically and personally. I have met so many special people and had so many invaluable experiences. Moira has proven to be the most important influence on my musical development,and also my invaluable friend.

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

   A. The writer had her violin lessons every day.

   B. The writer was unlike the kids who hated playing the violin.

   C. The writer usually played music in school concerts.

   D. At first the writer was not active in learning the violin.

2. The passage doesn't say directly but we can learn that .

   A. Moira was a good neighbour

   B. the writer was a good singer

   C. Moira was a good organizer

   D. the writer was a music teacher

3. What can we know from the last paragraph?

   A. Moira didn't like to play music in the classroom.

   B. Moira helped the writer a lot with her personal life.

   C. Moira had a great influence on the writer's life.

   D. Moira was very thankful for the writer's support.

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

   A. My way to success

   B. My invaluable friend

   C. My middle school life

   D. How I learned the violin

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