The common cold is the world’s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy(谬误) of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp(奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms

  1. 1.

    The writer offered ______ examples to support his argument.

    1. A.
      4
    2. B.
      5
    3. C.
      6
    4. D.
      3
  2. 2.

    Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?

    1. A.
      The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time
    2. B.
      Colds are not caused by cold
    3. C.
      People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors
    4. D.
      A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one
  3. 3.

    Arctic explorers may catch colds when ______.

    1. A.
      they are working in the isolated arctic regions
    2. B.
      they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
    3. C.
      they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
    4. D.
      they are coming into touch again with the outside world
  4. 4.

    Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit ______.

    1. A.
      suffered a lot
    2. B.
      never caught colds
    3. C.
      often caught colds
    4. D.
      became very strong
  5. 5.

    The passage mainly discusses ______.

    1. A.
      the experiments on the common cold
    2. B.
      the fallacy about the common cold
    3. C.
      the reason and the way people catch colds
    4. D.
      the continued spread of common colds

Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will "obey" spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word "obey" is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But sincethese can't be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate (有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need to get out. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world.Thus the use at seven months of"mama" as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds

  1. 1.

    Before children start speaking, _____

    1. A.
      they need equal amount of listening
    2. B.
      they need different amounts of listening
    3. C.
      they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions
    4. D.
      they can't understand and obey the adult's oral instructions
  2. 2.

    Children who start speaking late _____

    1. A.
      may have problems with their listening
    2. B.
      probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
    3. C.
      usually pay close attention to what they hear
    4. D.
      often take a long time in learning to listen properly
  3. 3.

    A baby's first noises are _____

    1. A.
      an expression of his moods and feelings
    2. B.
      an early form of language
    3. C.
      a sign that he means to tell you something
    4. D.
      an imitation of the speech of adults
  4. 4.

    The problem of deciding at what point a baby's imitations can be considered as speech _____

    1. A.
      is important because words have different meanings for different people
    2. B.
      is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
    3. C.
      is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
    4. D.
      is one that should be completely ignored (忽略) because children's use of words is often meaningless
  5. 5.

    The author implies _____

    1. A.
      parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds
    2. B.
      even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating
    3. C.
      children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak
    4. D.
      children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly

She is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever. But, at nearly 500 years of age, time is catching up with the Mona Lisa.
The health of the famous picture, painted by Leonardo da Vinci in 1505, is getting worse by the year, according to the Louver Museum(卢浮宫) where it is housed.
“The thin, wooden panel on which the Mona Lisa is painted in oil has changed shape since experts checked it two years ago,” the museum said. Visitors have noticed changes but repairing the world’s most famous painting is not easy. Experts are not sure about the materials the Italian artist used and their current chemical state.
Nearly 6 million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, many attracted by the mystery of her smile. “It is very interesting that when you’re not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then you look at her and she stops,” said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University. “It’s because direct vision(视觉) is excellent at picking up details, but less suited to looking at shadows. Da Vinci painted the smile in shadows.”
However, the actual history of the Mona Lisa is just as mysterious as the smile. Da Vinci himself loved it so much that he always carried it with him, until it was eventually sold to France’s King Francis I in 1519.  
In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louver by a former employee, who took it out of the museum, hidden under his coat. He said he planned to return it to Italy. The painting was sent back to France two years later. During World War Ⅱ, French hid the painting in small towns to keep it out of the hands of German forces

  1. 1.

    We can infer from the text that______.

    1. A.
      the Mona Lisa is proved to be able to last another 500 years
    2. B.
      Mona Lisa’s beauty is fading gradually with 500 years passing by
    3. C.
      the Mona Lisa has been catching people’s wide attention in the past 500 years
    4. D.
      Mona Lisa does not look out of date though painted 500 years ago
  2. 2.

    Which of the following is true about the Mona Lisa?

    1. A.
      It was once taken away and hidden up by German forces
    2. B.
      Its painter himself loved it greatly and always kept it in a shade
    3. C.
      Mona Lisa stops smiling when you look at her wanting to see her smiles
    4. D.
      King Francis I bought it and then returned it to Italy
  3. 3.

    Choose the right order about the happenings onto Mona Lisa.
    a. It was stolen from the Louver.
    b. Its painter sold it to King Francis I
    c. Its state of health was checked.
    d. It was returned to France and housed in the Louver Museum.
    e. It was hidden and protected against Germans

    1. A.
      b-a-d-e-c
    2. B.
      d-e-c-b-a
    3. C.
      d-a-e-c-b
    4. D.
      b-c-a-d-e
  4. 4.

    It may add to the difficulty in repairing the painting that______.

    1. A.
      experts haven’t noticed changes in its shape as visitors do
    2. B.
      it is likely to be stolen again when it’s under repair
    3. C.
      it is uncertain which country, Italy of France, should take charge
    4. D.
      experts aren’t sure about the materials and the chemical state of its oil paint

Water goes around and around Earth in a never ending journey called the water cycle（循环）. The sun heats up lakes, oceans, and other wet places on Earth. When the water gets warm enough, it changes into vapour. Plants also give off lots of water vapour. Some of this water vapour cools off high in the sky and becomes clouds. Then it falls back to Earth in a new place as rain or snow. This cycle happens over and over again.
The ground can absorb water like a sponge (海绵). If you could see this groundwater, it wouldn’t look like a lake or river. The groundwater is mixed in with the rocks and sand that lie in layers(层) below Earth’s surface.
Groundwater moves along slowly. How slowly? Maybe 1.5 kilometres in one century. Some of this water has been underground for thousands of years. And once groundwater is pumpedout of the ground from a deep well（井） by people, it may take hundreds of years for another water to take its place

  1. 1.

    In which order does water go around Earth?
    a .Fall down as rain or snow. 
    b. Heated up by the sun on lakes, oceans and other wet places.
    c. Cool off high in the sky.
    d. Form clouds.
    e. Change into vapour

    1. A.
      dacbe
    2. B.
      becda
    3. C.
      caebd
    4. D.
      bceda
  2. 2.

    The groundwater seems to______.

    1. A.
      be just on the ground
    2. B.
      be pure water like that in a lake or river
    3. C.
      exist in rocks and sand
    4. D.
      flow along like rivers or streams
  3. 3.

    What conclusion（结论） can we draw from the passage?

    1. A.
      Groundwater can be quickly replaced by other water once pumped out
    2. B.
      Groundwater is very valuable
    3. C.
      Groundwater has nothing to do with human beings
    4. D.
      Groundwater travel in an unknown way

There are numerous similarities between Muhammad Ali and his 23-year-old daughter Laila. She is the only one of his nine sons and daughters to have those genes that led to the ring (拳击场). Her father’s great status had nothing to do with Laila’s decision to pursue a boxing career. She has always been proud of his achievements, but he was never a great man to her ---- just dad.
What attracted her to take up boxing was the unusual sight of two women in the ring on the television screen when she was about to watch a Mike Tyson fight five years ago. She was very excited and said to herself, “I can do that.”
Laila’s father would prefer her not to take up the dangerous sport. Johnny McClain, her husband and manager (former boxer himself) feels the same way. Even though both the men in her life worry about her, they’re 100 percent supportive. “They don’t want me to get hurt,” she says.
Long before entering the ring, Laila was a fighter. Being the daughter of an outstanding boxer made her an easy target for high school kids to see how tough she was. They, not she, failed in the test. For the public, her biggest test took place last summer in the New York State when she took on Jacqui Frazier Lyde, the daughter of Joe Frazier, her father’s most famous opponent (对手) during the 1970s.
That fight provided the biggest shot in the arm that women’s boxing has received. News reporters poured in. Some called it “Ali/Frazier – Generation II”. No match involving women had ever attracted so much attention. Laila had a narrow victory in the fight.
Like it or not, she accepts the fact that she is the face of female boxing. And she hopes that her name and fame will help get the public to take it more seriously.
The name Ali has and always will bring her attention. But she is determined to make her own mark on opponents’ faces as well as in boxing history books. She says, “I want women’s boxing to get its due respect.”

  1. 1.

    Laila took up boxing because of ______.

    1. A.
      her father’s great status
    2. B.
      a Mike Tyson fight
    3. C.
      her admiration for her father
    4. D.
      her interest in boxing
  2. 2.

    From the passage we can know ______.

    1. A.
      Laila’s husband is still a boxer now
    2. B.
      Laila wants to make contributions to the sport of boxing
    3. C.
      Laila’s husband doesn’t think boxing is a dangerous sport
    4. D.
      when Laila was in high school, she often failed in the fight with other kids
  3. 3.

    What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?

    1. A.
      That fight proved that Laila was a person of physical power
    2. B.
      That fight made female boxing more popular
    3. C.
      That fight provided people with a good change to enjoy themselves
    4. D.
      Laila made her first public appearance in that fight
  4. 4.

    Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

    1. A.
      A female boxer ---- Laila Ali
    2. B.
      The best-known fight
    3. C.
      Ali/Frazie ---- Generation II
    4. D.
      Muhammad Ali and his daughter

When Mary Moore began her high school in 1951, her mother told her, "Be sure and take a typing course（课程） so when this show business thing doesn't work out, you'll have something to rely on." Mary responded in typical teenage fashion. From that moment on, "the very last thing I ever thought about doing was taking a typing course," she recalls.
The show business thing worked out, of course. In her career, Mary won many awards. Only recently, when she began to write Growing Up Again, did she regret ignoring her mom," I don't know how to use a computer," she admits.
Unlike her 1995 autobiography（自传）, After All, her second book is less about life as an award-winning actress and more about living with diabetes (糖尿病). All the money from the book is intended for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), an organization she serves as international chairman. "I felt there was a need for a book like this," she says." I didn't want to lecture, but I wanted other diabetics to know that things get better when we're self-controlled and do our part in managing the disease."
But she hasn't always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests showed that she had diabetes. In a childlike act, she left the hospital and treated herself to a box of doughnuts (甜甜圈). Years would pass before she realized she had to grow up —again—and take control of her diabetes, not let it control her. Only then did she kick her three-pack-a-day cigarette habit, overcome her addiction to alcohol, and begin to follow a balanced diet.
Although her disease has affected her eyesight, she refuses to fall into self-pity. "Everybody on earth can ask, 'why me?' about something or other," she insists. "It doesn't do any good. No one is immune (免疫的) to heartache, pain, and disappointments. Sometimes we can make things better by helping others. I've come to realize the importance of that as I've grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be."

  1. 1.

    Why did Mary feel regretful?

    1. A.
      She didn't achieve her ambition
    2. B.
      She didn't take care of her mother
    3. C.
      She didn't complete her high school
    4. D.
      She didn't follow her mother's advice
  2. 2.

    We can know that before 1995 Mary

    1. A.
      had two books published
    2. B.
      received many career awards
    3. C.
      knew how to use a computer
    4. D.
      supported the JDRF by writing
  3. 3.

    Mary's second book Growing Up Again is mainly about her

    1. A.
      living with diabetes
    2. B.
      successful show business
    3. C.
      service for an organization
    4. D.
      remembrance of her mother
  4. 4.

    When Mary received the life-changing news, she

    1. A.
      lost control of herself
    2. B.
      began a balanced diet
    3. C.
      tried to get a treatment
    4. D.
      behaved in an adult way

How would you like to learn more without having to study more？Here’s how：
1．Get to bed and go to sleep.Your performance，attention，and the ability to concentrate are damaged by lack of sleep.Teenagers need nine to ten hours of sleep a night for best performance.
2．Feed your head.The brain runs badly if it doesn’t get enough fuel.That means protein(蛋白质)and complex carbs (复合碳水化合物)-eggs and wheat bread for breakfast，say，rather than sugary cereal(含糖的麦片粥)and orange juice.The biggest mistake teens make is not to have breakfast or to go for sugar，which raises blood sugar levels.
3．Body exercise is brain exercise.Body exercise really improves brain performance，perhaps because it increases blood flow，or perhaps because it reduces stress and anxiety(焦虑).Twenty minutes of activity a day that raises your heart rate will do great good.
4．Learn now what you want to remember for the rest of your life.Teenage brains are much better at remembering things than the brains  of young children or adults.Scientists aren’t sure why.Whatever the reason，the teenage years are the time to learn new languages and master other lifelong skills.
5．Learn the power of risk taking.Adults are always worried about the downside of teenage risktaking，and it’s true that teenagers are more likely than adults to get themselves in trouble by drinking and driving.But the fact that the parts of the brain that drive people to try new，risky，and exciting things appear to be more developed in teenagers can be a huge advantage.Pick certain challenges-difficult sports，a hard job，mastering a performance art，traveling overseas-and the teenage brain is able to deal with them.They have this power they’re given to go out and do it without fear.
6．Learn what you love.Because emotional(情感的)systems develop fast in teenager brains，teenagers learn things they’re interested in quickly and well.Their brains give them tools like attention on the project

  1. 1.

    According to the passage，teenagers should have　　　　for breakfast

    1. A.
      wheat bread and eggs
    2. B.
      sugar and orange juice
    3. C.
      sugar and bread
    4. D.
      wheat bread and orange juice
  2. 2.

    Body exercise plays a part in all the following EXCEPT　　　　

    1. A.
      making people less anxious
    2. B.
      raising heart rate
    3. C.
      reducing blood pressure
    4. D.
      reducing stress
  3. 3.

    The underlined word “downside” in the passage probably means　　　　

    1. A.
      excitement
    2. B.
      disadvantage
    3. C.
      benefit
    4. D.
      power
  4. 4.

    It can be learned from the passage that　　　　

    1. A.
      teenagers learn quickly when they are fond of something
    2. B.
      teenagers should be forbidden to drive
    3. C.
      scientists know why teenagers have a good memory
    4. D.
      teenagers need less sleep than adults

A Different Roast Every Day
Alan worked in an office in the city. He worked very hard and really wanted to take a holiday.
He usually went to the seaside, but one day he saw an ad（广告） in a newspaper. " Enjoy country life. Spend a few weeks at Willow Farm. Good food, fresh air, horse riding, walking, fishing. Good prices (价格)."
"This sounds like a good idea," he thought. "I'll spend a month at Willow Farm. I'll enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. They'll make a change from sitting by the seaside."
Four days later he returned home.
"What's wrong with Willow Farm?" his friend Jack asked him. " Didn't you enjoy country life?"
"Country life was fine," Alan said, "but there was another problem."
"Oh, what?"
"Well, the first day I was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton (烤羊肉) for dinner."
"Fresh meat is the best."
"I know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner."
"Lucky you!"
"You don't understand," Alan said. "On the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner."
"A different roast every day," Jack said.
" Let me finish," Alan said, " on the fourth day the farmer died and I didn't dare to stay for dinner!"

  1. 1.

    Where did Alan work? He worked______.

    1. A.
      on a farm
    2. B.
      at a school
    3. C.
      in a restaurant
    4. D.
      in an office in a city
  2. 2.

    Where did Alan usually go to spend his holiday?

    1. A.
      by the seaside
    2. B.
      in the country
    3. C.
      in the mountains
    4. D.
      on an island
  3. 3.

    Why did Alan decide to spend his holiday at Willow Farm? Because ______.

    1. A.
      he lived near there
    2. B.
      he had a good friend there
    3. C.
      he thought it would make a change from sitting by the seaside
    4. D.
      he wanted to enjoy the fresh air in the country
  4. 4.

    How many days did he stay on the farm?

    1. A.
      A few days
    2. B.
      A week
    3. C.
      Three days
    4. D.
      Four days
  5. 5.

    What made Alan return so soon?

    1. A.
      He fell ill
    2. B.
      The air there was not fresh
    3. C.
      The prices were too high
    4. D.
      He was afraid that they would have the dead man for dinner

People come in all shapes and sizes，colors and races (种族). Some speak differently while others act differently.
My mother is in a wheelchair. I would like to say something about this special woman I call "Mommy".
My mom does what a mom needs to do every day. She picks me up from school，drives me to meetings，cooks dinner，and helps me with my homework. This is just part of what makes her great，though.
She is my best friend and can immediately notice when I am unhappy. She helps me solve problems that my friends do not understand. Mommy makes me laugh when times are tough. I look forward to coming home because I know there is someone there who cares about what I have done.
Mommy has always tried to be like a "normal" mom. But I think my mother is a wonderful woman and she doesn’t need to change. She teaches me life lessons that no teacher or friend can. She shows me how to accept everyone for what is inside，rather than what is on the outside.
You may have realized that all the qualities (品质) I admire have nothing to do with what she looks like. Everyone could be the way she is，but most are not.
I want everyone to look beyond the surface and see what is inside others. You may fail to notice someone who is very special like my mom because you cannot accept their outside features

  1. 1.

    What’s the function of Paragraph 1？

    1. A.
      To tell us that people are born to be different
    2. B.
      To show the main idea of the passage
    3. C.
      To suggest we enjoy what we have
    4. D.
      To lead to the topic of the passage
  2. 2.

    Which of the following words can best describe the writer’s mother？

    1. A.
      Ugly
    2. B.
      Normal
    3. C.
      Useless
    4. D.
      Wonderful
  3. 3.

    We can know from Paragraph 5 that______.

    1. A.
      the writer’s mother has tried to be like a normal mom
    2. B.
      the writer expects his mother to change
    3. C.
      the writer has no teachers or friends
    4. D.
      the writer accept everyone for what is inside
  4. 4.

    What can we learn from the passage？

    1. A.
      Most people accept who they are
    2. B.
      People admire the writer’s mother very much
    3. C.
      The writer doesn’t mind her mother’s disability
    4. D.
      The writer’s mother is a normal person in fact
  5. 5.

    The writer writes the passage to______.

    1. A.
      encourage his mother to be happy
    2. B.
      tell us that everyone acts differently
    3. C.
      tell us to respect the disabled around us
    4. D.
      tell us to look beyond the surface and see what is inside people

Four decades ago a group of college students visited the mountains of Borneo to examine moth (蛾) populations. Now a team of British scientists, including a member of the original trip, has returned to the same sites to repeat the survey. They have found that, due to rising temperatures, the insects now live 68 meters higher.
Global warming is forcing tropical (热带的) species uphill to escape the rising temperatures at a rate of nearly 2 meters a year, the new study from Borneo suggests.
Since this was the only chance to repeat the original survey, the scientist did everything they could to do it exactly the same way, going at the same time of year, in July and August, using photographs to find the exact original sites of the moth traps.
"While this is the first study of insects, a few other studies of tropical species are starting to appear," said Thomas. "If you look across all those studies, you’ll find the same results, and it’s extremely difficult to think of any other explanation for them."
While some species might survive by finding places on the mountains with temperatures similar to those of their original habitats, others may run out of habitat on the rocky peaks, warns the study.
In a paper in the journal Naturein 2004, Thomas and 13 other experts analyzed the habitats of 1,100 species on five continents, and estimated that on average one quarter were at risk of extinction.
Last year a paper published in the Public Library of Science in the US warned that the risk of extinction in the tropics was becoming more and more serious. The authors, Jana and Steven Vamosi, estimated that 20-45% of tropical species were at risk of extinction

  1. 1.

    If the temperature continues to rise at the same rate for ten years, the insects will live about ______

    1. A.
      6.8 meters higher
    2. B.
      19 meters higher
    3. C.
      34 meters higher
    4. D.
      68 meters higher
  2. 2.

    What’s the problem for some species moving up mountains?

    1. A.
      There’ll be too little space
    2. B.
      The temperature will be much too low
    3. C.
      They will be at greater risk of extinction
    4. D.
      They’ll find it hard to adapt to the environment
  3. 3.

    We can learn from the passage that ______

    1. A.
      this survey of moths has been carried out many times
    2. B.
      some scientists have put forward other explanations for the results
    3. C.
      scientists tried to repeat the original survey
    4. D.
      20-45% of tropical species were estimated to be at risk of extinction in 2004
  4. 4.

    Which of the following has been mainly discussed in the passage?

    1. A.
      Climate change forcing moths higher
    2. B.
      Protecting moths from extinction
    3. C.
      How to research tropical moths
    4. D.
      How to study moths living on mountains
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