Whatever our differences as human beings are we all think we’re more like the rest of the animal world than we realize. It is said that we share 40 per cent of our genetic（遗传的）structure with the simple worm.
But that fact has helped Sir John Sulston win the 2002 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Sir John is the founder of the Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which was set up in 1992 to get further understanding of the human genome（染色体组）.
To help them do this, they turned to the worm. The nematode（线虫类的）worm is one of the earliest creatures on planet earth. It is less than one millimeter long, completely transparent and spends its entire life digging holes through sand. But it still has lots to say about human life, and what can be done to make it better.
What the worm told Sir John and his colleagues was that each of the cells in the human body is programmed like a computer. They grow, develop and die according to a set of instructions that are coded in our genetic make-up.
Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed. When the cell refuses to die but carries on growing instead, this leads to cancer. Heart attacks and diseases like AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal, increasing the damage they do to the body. Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death

1.
Sir John Sulston got a Nobel Prize for Medicine because he has
1. A.
  found that human beings are similar to the worm
2. B.
  got the fact we share 40 per cent of our genetic structure with the simple worm
3. C.
  found the computer which controls each of the cells in the human body
4. D.
  proved that cell death is programmed
2.
People might be seriously ill if the cells in their body
1. A.
  grow without being instructed
2. B.
  die regularly
3. C.
  fail to follow people’s instructions
4. D.
  develop in the human body
3.
The underlined word“they”（paragraph 5）refers to
1. A.
  cell deaths
2. B.
  diseases
3. C.
  instructions
4. D.
  cells
4.
What is the subject discussed in the text?
1. A.
  The theory of programmed cell deaths
2. B.
  A great scientist—Sir John Sulston
3. C.
  The programmed human life
4. D.
  Dangerous diseases

The name “cowboy” conjures up many different images from movies, songs and TV. These imagined cowboys range from white-hat-wearing heroes to gun-shooting hooligans(流氓).But, cowboys are actually real people from US history.
When the US Civil War ended, many soldiers had no place to call home. So, they began to drift to the country’s rural West. Ranchers(农场主) hired these men to take care of the cattle and work around the ranch. When the ranch owner wanted to sell the cattle, the cowboys would round up the herd from the open prairie(牧场) and drive the cattle miles to the market.
With the invention of barbed wire(铁丝网),the cowboy era(1865-1890) began to come to an end. But people in the East had always been curious about their lifestyle. Many country/western songs during this time tried to capture the true cowboy spirit. Newspapers published cowboy tales in serial form and adventure novels followed. The bigger the fiction, the better the sales. These novels often portrayed cowboys as cruel and violent men. Cowboys carried the bad reputation for many years afterwards.
When movies began to be popular in the 1920s, the cowboy image changed again. Now, a cowboy became the great white knight(骑士) that loved his horse more than the beautiful ladies he rescued. As the cowboy of the “Old West” spent more time with his horse than the ladies, this era's image was not entirely false.
Then, in the 50s,Hollywood began producing so-called “spaghetti westerns(意大利西部片)”.They earned the nickname because Italian companies financed the films and TV shows. This started the decade’s “Cowboy Craze”. While this didn’t last long, it made modern country / western music, fashion and dance extremely popular.
In recent years, with the help of musicians, radio stations and bars, cowboy nostalgia(怀旧情绪) has returned. Even though his image is still changing — somewhere between ballad singing country boy and bar room fighter — there’s one thing for sure, you can’t keep the cowboy down

1.
The purpose of this story is to ______.
1. A.
  introduce cowboy movies and novels
2. B.
  introduce various productions associated with cowboys
3. C.
  show the cowboy's everlasting charm
4. D.
  inform us about the cowboy’s spirit
2.
Before they became cowboys, they______.
1. A.
  served in the army
2. B.
  worked as bar-room fighters
3. C.
  owned ranches
4. D.
  were adventurous explorers
3.
During “the cowboy era” mentioned in the story, ______.
1. A.
  the cowboy often came to the rescue of ladies in newspaper tales
2. B.
  the distant Wild West appealed to people in the East
3. C.
  cowboys were shown as cruel and violent men on the silver screen
4. D.
  country music started the cowboy craze which swept the whole country
4.
By saying “you can’t keep the cowboy down”, the writer means that ______.
1. A.
  cowboys are real people in history
2. B.
  cowboys still fascinate people
3. C.
  you can't make cowboys unhappy
4. D.
  you can’t grasp the cowboy spirit
5.
Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?
1. A.
  The cowboy has been presented in different lights in different eras
2. B.
  Cowboys are gun-shooting hooligans, without doubt
3. C.
  Cowboys have always been a passing phenomenon
4. D.
  Cowboys enjoy Italian foods, for example, spaghetti

“The price of books for our students is just getting higher and higher and，combined with the rising cost of tuition，it’s killing these students，”said Peter Jason，a college professor．“Remember，students are one of the poorest groups of people in America．Almost half of them have at least one part-time job．In fact，one of my students has three jobs．And she still manages to have high scores and go to school full-time.”
Textbook prices are traditionally high．Adding to that problem，many college teachers change textbooks year after year；they either upgrade to a new edition or switch to an entirely different textbook．This further hurts students because if an instructor no longer uses a particular textbook，that book has no resale value．
Dr．Jason decided to make lire a little easier and a lot cheaper for his students by writing his own book on public speaking．“Many books have an increased price because of CD-ROMs，lots of color photographs and pictures．I talked to my students，and many of them，like me，prefer to keep things simple! So，a few years ago，I wrote my own textbook．Compared to most other public speaking books，mine is half the number of pages，and one-third the price．That is， $数学公式$ 90．When I wrote a second edition last year，students only had to buy the 35 new pages, For only $7．00，they had almost a new book. Now my loose-leaf textbook enjoys great popularity among the students．Maybe in the future more writers and publishers will try it．”

1.
What did Dr. Jason say about students at college?
1. A.
  They are short of money．
2. B.
  They need better textbooks
3. C.
  They should do part-time jobs．
4. D.
  They are trying to get high scores．
2.
What did Dr．Jason decide to do to help the students?
1. A.
  To choose cheaper textbooks．
2. B.
  To write a textbook himself．
3. C.
  To speak to his students
4. D.
  To use old textbooks．
3.
How much does a public speaking textbook usually cost?
1. A.
  About 7 dollars
2. B.
  About 30 dollars
3. C.
  About 37 dollars．
4. D.
  About 90 dollars．
4.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
1. A.
  Dr Jason's textbook has CD-ROMs and nice pictures
2. B.
  More writers and publishers will write simpler textbooks．
3. C.
  Dr．Jason teaches public speaking at a college．
4. D.
  Dr-Jason’s textbook is not well received．

The skin which covers the tips of the fingers and thumbs is crossed by numerous ridges (隆起) arranged in different patterns. These patterns are permanent from birth and remain exactly the same throughout a person's life, even when the skin becomes wrinkled and cracked as a result of old age. Such patterns are never passed on from parents to children, and no one in the world has the same patterns as anyone else. Even identical twins have different sets of fingerprints. As a result, fingerprints offer a most useful and foolproof way of identifying people. Any ridged part of the hand and the foot may be used as a means of identification, but finger impressions are usually preferred since they can be taken easily and quickly.
Fingerprints are classified in the ways: by general shapes and contours(轮廓), by the finger positions of the pattern-types, and by size (often measured by counting the ridges in the loops). Every set of fingerprints has different “ridge characteristics” (i. e. the print of each separate finger is different from that of all the other fingers), which belong to one of four basic groups: arches, loops, whorls and composites. All fingerprints can then be divided into 1, 024 groups. By using details in the patterns above, these 1, 024 groups can be further divided into thousands of smaller groups, thus making it possible to find a particular set of fingerprints in a few minutes

1.
According to this passage, the true statement about human fingerprints is that______.
1. A.
  people's fingerprints sometimes can be passed on from parents to children
2. B.
  people’s fingerprints are unique but identical twins may have the same fingerprints
3. C.
  using fingerprints is the only way to identify people
4. D.
  people's fingerprints will not change in all their lives
2.
We prefer to use fingerprints to identify people because______.
1. A.
  we can never find the same set of fingerprints among human beings
2. B.
  finger impressions can be taken easily and quickly
3. C.
  fingerprints offer a most useful and foolproof way of identifying people
4. D.
  all of the above
3.
The word “foolproof” (Line 7, Para. 1) most probably means______.
1. A.
  that is permanent　
2. B.
  that is acceptable
3. C.
  that can not go wrong　
4. D.
  that is not foolish
4.
About the classification of fingerprints, which is TRUE?
1. A.
  Fingerprints can be classified in three ways
2. B.
  All fingerprints can be divided into 1, 024 groups and can not be divided further
3. C.
  It is not easy to find a particular set of fingerprints in a short time
4. D.
  People can not classify the fingerprints in an effective way

I want to talk about the economy．Not "the economy" we hear about endlessly in the news each day and in politicians' speeches．I want to talk about the real economy, the one we live in day by day．
Most people aren't particularly interested in "the economy"．"Share prices are flying high; interest rates are soaring; the Dow Jones Index closed sixty-three points down on 8472．35．" We hear this and subconsciously switch off．
Notice that "the economy" is not the same as the economy, "The economy" is what men in suits play with to make vast personal wealth．The economy is where the rest of us live on a daily basis, earning our living, paying our taxes, and purchasing the necessities of life．
We are supposed to be benefiting from all the advantages of a well-off society．So why do we feel tired and stressed? We have no time for anything other than work, which is ridiculous given the number of labor-saving devices in our lives．Our towns become more and more crowded．We poison our air and seas, and our food is full of chemicals．There's something wrong here．If times were truly good, then you may think we'd all feel optimistic about the future．Yet the majority of us are deeply worried．More than 90 percent of us think we are too concerned about ourselves and not concerned enough about future generations．
The term "economic expansion" suggests something desirable, but expansion simply means spending more money．More spending doesn't mean that life is getting better．We all know it often means the opposite - greed, crime, poverty, pollution．More spending merely feeds our whole economic system, which is based on production and consumption．Unless money keeps circulating, the economy breaks down．If we don't keep consuming, the whole system goes into stalemate（僵局）．
How do we break the cycle and make some changes? We need to become far more aware of the results of our actions．We buy clothes that are made in sweat shops by virtual slaves in poor parts of the world．We create mountains of waste．We demand cheap food, mindless of the fact that it totally lacks taste and is produced using chemicals that poison the land．
The consumption culture makes us unaware of the effect of our own behavior．Our main problem is not that we don't know what to do about it．It is gathering the desire to do it．

1.
According to the author, which one belongs to the real economy?
1. A.
  The Dow Jones Index．
2. B.
  Increases in interest rates
3. C.
  Skyrocketing share prices
4. D.
  Shopping in a supermarket
2.
It can be concluded from Paragraph 4 that______.
1. A.
  people are benefiting from a well-off society
2. B.
  the future generation is a big concern for most people
3. C.
  people still feel much pressure despite labor-saving devices
4. D.
  the majority of people are optimistic about the future
3.
What is true about economic expansion?
1. A.
  It guarantees a better life for us．
2. B.
  It may lead to some social problems．
3. C.
  It will stop the circulation of money．
4. D.
  It has only brought desirable effects．
4.
The author writes the passage mainly to______.
1. A.
  call on us to change our behavior
2. B.
  suggest a solution for over-consumption
3. C.
  make a distinction between two economies
4. D.
  inform us of the effects of economic expansion

Success starts within our mind. Now, we will discuss four steps to change our lives and create a new future.
   ■ 1. Think big. Get rid of negative(负面的)beliefs.
     Your beliefs have developed from what happened to you in the past. You should realize that the past is not equal to the future, unless you really live there. The first thing you need to do is to drive all the negative beliefs away from your mind. Those beliefs are not useful for creating a new future. Think that everything is possible if you put enough effort in it. When you change your beliefs into positive ones, you will feel more powerful. You will then be able to move on to the next level.
   ■ 2. Write your plan to achieve your goals.
     Your great goals should be divided into smaller goals. Make a timetable for each goal so that you can measure your progress. Write a detailed plan to achieve these goals.
   ■ 3.Take action according to your plan.
     Nothing bears fruit without action. Every successful person has to work hard towards his or her goals. There is no exception(例外). Be prepared to work according to your plan. Be willing to invest (投资) in the resources necessary for your progress. Do not give up.
   ■ 4. Review what you have done and know how good you are.
     While you are in the process of your work, take some time to review how well you have done. Review your progress based on your plan and see if you need to change anything. You can change your methods but you should not change your goals

1.
Why should we get rid of our negative beliefs?
1. A.
  They come from our past experiences
2. B.
  The past and the future are different
3. C.
  They will stop us from starting a new future
4. D.
  We should learn some useful things
2.
According to the second step, to achieve your big goals, you should ______.
1. A.
  change your methods
2. B.
  make full use of every minute
3. C.
  divide them into smaller ones and achieve them one by one to time
4. D.
  measure your progress from time
3.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
1. A.
  During your work, be prepared to change everything
2. B.
  If you feel your goal difficult, you’d better give it up
3. C.
  Considering changing the ways you achieve goals is useful
4. D.
  Reviewing is more important than setting goals
4.
Which of the following has the same meaning as "Nothing bears fruit without action."?
1. A.
  No pain, no gain
2. B.
  Better early than late
3. C.
  He laughs last who laughs best
4. D.
  Nothing succeeds like success
5.
What’s the best title for the passage?
1. A.
  How to Live a Happy Life
2. B.
  Ways to Create Your New Future
3. C.
  How to Change Yourself
4. D.
  Nothing Bears Fruit Without Action

HIGHFIELD COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL
SCHOOL REPORT
Form Teacher: G. Baker            Pupil’s Name: Simon Watkins
Term:        Summer 2012   Form:        Ⅳ B
Subject Exam Class work Comments
English 59 61 Simon has reached a satisfactory standard but now needs to apply himself with more determination.
Mathematics 77 85 Sound work and progress throughout the year. Well done!
History 46 53 A disappointing exam result. He is unable to give attention to this subject for long.
Chemistry 78 85 His obvious ability in the subject was not fully reflected in his exam work, but I have high hopes for him nevertheless.
Physics 86 94 An excellent term’s performance. He goes from strength to strength. A born scientist, I feel.
Biology 57 60 This time next year he will be taking the “0” exam. He needs to concentrate on the work, not on class conversation.
French 41 46 Clearly he didn’t bother to revise. His general attitude is far too casual.
Physical
Education / 31 Weak. It’s time he exercised his body more and his voice less. He should try to work with a team.
FORM TEACHER’S REMARKS                     HEADMASTER
Basically satisfactory work and progress              I shall be keeping an eye on though he will now have realized, I hope, that         his progress in his weaker    in certain subject areas he needs to make               subjects though his
speedy progress.                           success in the sciences is improvement.

1.
According to the comments of the Physical Education teacher, Simon_______
1. A.
  is too talkative in the class
2. B.
  likes to work with his classmates
3. C.
  doesn’t exercise his body at the right time
4. D.
  becomes weak because he doesn’t exercise at all
2.
Which of Simon’s subjects will attract the headmaster’s attention in future?
1. A.
  Biology and Maths
2. B.
  History and French
3. C.
  English and Chemistry
4. D.
  Physics and Physical Education
3.
Which of the following statements best describes Simon?
1. A.
  He has made great progress in language classes
2. B.
  His potential has been fully reflected in science classes
3. C.
  His grade in maths makes him a born scientist
4. D.
  He needs to improve his attitude on certain subjects
4.
Based on the school report, which of the following statements is true?
1. A.
  Simon didn’t bother his teacher to revise French
2. B.
  Basically, Simon did a good job in science
3. C.
  Simon is a determined learner in English
4. D.
  Simon is able to pay attention to history for long

Our interpersonal skills have a great effect on success in our daily lives. This appears not only in the workplace where we can make more money or enjoy our job more, but also shows itself in marriage, raising a family and the ability to reach goals in almost every area of life. Interpersonal skills come into play when our flight is cancelled and we need to make other arrangements. They come into play when a marriage is threatened by financial challenges or infidelity(不忠).
Our communication skills even matter when we are in traffic and we need to make a decision about how to respond to other drivers. Communicating with others becomes inseparable from having a good day, or a bad day not only in how we begin communication, but in how we react to the communications of others who are having a difficult time.
It can make a difference in saving a marriage or getting a divorce, celebrating a rise or getting fired, and even having your eggs cooked as the way you like at the local restaurant. Many wise men and women have stressed the importance of dealing with others in a skillful manner.
Getting feedback(反馈意见) from others can be of great value in improving our interpersonal communication skills. Often, however, others are not skilled at giving feedback. When we get negative results, they rarely include the details we need in order to improve our interpersonal skills.
Since life improves so much with greater communication skills, getting feedback and an opportunity to improve would be not only life-saving for pilots, but labor-saving for the rest of us. Contact Alice Aspen March for a free consultation today and see how you might improve your communication skills, or learn more about The Attention Factor

1.
Which of the following can greatly influence our success in our daily life according to the passage?
1. A.
  The education we receive
2. B.
  The skills of making a decision
3. C.
  The nationality of our friends
4. D.
  Our interpersonal skills
2.
What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?
1. A.
  Family members
2. B.
  Interpersonal skills
3. C.
  Husband and wife
4. D.
  Challenges of lack of money
3.
Why does the author mention “traffic” and “other drivers” in the second paragraph?
1. A.
  Just to call our attention
2. B.
  To tell us the importance of communication skills
3. C.
  To lead us to think of a sad scene
4. D.
  To help us not to forget traffic is very important
4.
Which of the following is true?
1. A.
  Getting feedback from others can be valueless in improving our interpersonal skills
2. B.
  Even if we have good communication skills, we will surely not be able to improve our life
3. C.
  If we pay enough money, we can get some advice from Alice Aspen March
4. D.
  Many wise people think communicating with others needs skills
5.
What’s the best title of the passage?
1. A.
  The Attention Factor
2. B.
  The Problems of Marriage
3. C.
  Interpersonal Skills
4. D.
  The Relationship Between Our Feelings and Traffic

Every year holidays Broughton teams up with Sopraviva Trekking to offer twelve days of unforgettable adventure in a tropical rain forest. Depending on where this year's rain forest adventure is located, you may be going to Borneo, Malaysia, Indonesia, or even to the greatest rain forest of them all, the mighty Amazonian forest.
You will fly with your fellow adventurers to one of our special base camps at the edge of the forest, where you will be given five days of survival training, and talks on the local wildlife by trained and experienced experts. You will also go on walks which take you deeper and deeper under the forest canopy until on your final night you camp out in the rain forest itself.
Then you transfer by bus into the forest itself. If you go on one of the Asian holidays, you will have to walk the final five miles to the camp site itself, to avoid disturbing the local ecology. All of the Sopraviva sites have been carefully built to conform with the latest regulations, and to cause the minimal amount of disturbance to the local wildlife.
From the camp, you will go on daily walking tours to experience for yourself the beauty and diversity of the forests, and plants and vegetation that can be found nowhere else on the planet. Remember that these adventure holidays take you deep into the wilderness, and they are not suitable for families with young children or for anyone who is not physically able to meet the demands of this kind of adventure. Also remember that in order to preserve the delicate ecological system that you will be walking through, no more than two dozen guests can stay at any camp at one time, so if you want to go on one of these very special holidays, you will need to book early!

1.
If you want to go on the camp, you will first have to______.
1. A.
  attend talks on the local wildlife
2. B.
  have survival training
3. C.
  walk the final five miles
4. D.
  book beforehand
2.
What does the organizer of the camp mainly stress?
1. A.
  Disturbing the local ecology
2. B.
  Preserving the forest environment
3. C.
  Private possessions and possible dangers
4. D.
  The survival training
3.
Go on daily walking tours and you’ll enjoy______.
1. A.
  the wilderness
2. B.
  the Amazonian forest
3. C.
  the Asian forest
4. D.
  the forest canopy
4.
Which of the following people is/are allowed to enter the forest?
1. A.
  A family with young kids
2. B.
  A person with physical problems
3. C.
  Walking tourists
4. D.
  Cyclists
5.
Which of the following is true of the holiday camp?
1. A.
  It is free of charge
2. B.
  It lasts 12 days
3. C.
  It is organized by Broughton
4. D.
  It attaches little importance to ecology

Not too long ago, our teacher, being a “tree-hugger” (as the kids call her), had us write an essay on an environmental issue . I was eager to start, but something made me stop.
“What is an environmental issue ?” one kid asked . “What if we don’t care about the environment ?” another complained. “ It’s not like it affects me .”
These comments astounded me .I have always cared about the environment and assumed that others did too. From the surprised look on my teacher’s face, I could tell she felt the same way.
In no time, I finished my essay . In my essay I wrote about logging(伐木), which is an important industry, but if we continue to cut down trees without replacing them, it will damage the environment.www.zxxk.com
There are so many things that we can do to save our world. Recycling, of course, is always a good thing, but not everyone has a recycling plant nearby ( I don’t ) . There are other ways to help the environment . Plant a tree. Don’t waste water.
I can’t stand it when a person’s excuse for not caring is “Nothing’s going to happen in my lifetime, so why should I care ?” Sure, the chances of something terrible happening are slim, but I want people to realize that if we don’t deal with it, someone will have to eventually. Do you want that to be your children ?
When my teacher told me to read my essay to my class, I was a little embarrassment because I didn’t want everyone to call me “tree- hugger”. I realize now that if being a tree-hugger means you cares about the environment, I’m a tree-hugger 100 percent. I just wish more people were too

1.
Why do the students call her teacher “tree-hugger” ?
1. A.
  She likes hugging trees
2. B.
  She knows a lot about trees
3. C.
  She grew up in the country
4. D.
  She cares a lot about the environment
2.
The underlined word in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ______.
1. A.
  helped
2. B.
  changed
3. C.
  shocked
4. D.
  interested
3.
Paragraph 5 is mainly about ______.
1. A.
  what we can recycle
2. B.
  how we can save the earth
3. C.
  why we should protect the earth
4. D.
  what damage we are doing to the earth
4.
We can infer from the text that ______.
1. A.
  the students don’t like the teacher
2. B.
  the teacher liked the author’s essay
3. C.
  the author is ashamed of being a tree-hugger
4. D.
  the author should have written a better essay

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Sir John Sulston got a Nobel Prize for Medicine because he has

People might be seriously ill if the cells in their body

The underlined word“they”（paragraph 5）refers to

What is the subject discussed in the text?

The purpose of this story is to ______.

Before they became cowboys, they______.

During “the cowboy era” mentioned in the story, ______.

By saying “you can’t keep the cowboy down”, the writer means that ______.

Which of the following statements would the writer agree to?

What did Dr. Jason say about students at college?

What did Dr．Jason decide to do to help the students?

How much does a public speaking textbook usually cost?

Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

According to this passage, the true statement about human fingerprints is that______.

We prefer to use fingerprints to identify people because______.

The word “foolproof” (Line 7, Para. 1) most probably means______.

About the classification of fingerprints, which is TRUE?

According to the author, which one belongs to the real economy?

It can be concluded from Paragraph 4 that______.

What is true about economic expansion?

The author writes the passage mainly to______.

Why should we get rid of our negative beliefs?

According to the second step, to achieve your big goals, you should ______.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Which of the following has the same meaning as "Nothing bears fruit without action."?

What’s the best title for the passage?

According to the comments of the Physical Education teacher, Simon_______

Which of Simon’s subjects will attract the headmaster’s attention in future?

Which of the following statements best describes Simon?

Based on the school report, which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following can greatly influence our success in our daily life according to the passage?

What does the underlined word “They” refer to in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?

Why does the author mention “traffic” and “other drivers” in the second paragraph?

Which of the following is true?

What’s the best title of the passage?

If you want to go on the camp, you will first have to______.

What does the organizer of the camp mainly stress?

Go on daily walking tours and you’ll enjoy______.

Which of the following people is/are allowed to enter the forest?

Which of the following is true of the holiday camp?

Why do the students call her teacher “tree-hugger” ?

The underlined word in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ______.

Paragraph 5 is mainly about ______.

We can infer from the text that ______.

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