The Human Genome(基因组) Project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. The scientific and medical communities are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging(延长)human life. But those communities and policy makers are also careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.
For the last few years, the genetic advances in the fast developing field of biotechnology have provided material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of human genetic code have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the population imagination.
While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research in the Untied States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code” of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases. Already, the Human Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes connected with as yet terrible diseases, and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer(乳腺癌)or AIDS.
Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses

  1. 1.

    Why did the scientists work so hard at mapping the human genome?

    1. A.
      Because the human genome can destroy many illnesses
    2. B.
      Because the human genome’s completion can help to get rid of many diseases
    3. C.
      Because they wanted to be better known than others
    4. D.
      Because the Human Genome Project can provided a lot of chances of work
  2. 2.

    According to the passage, which of the following countries is the most advanced in genetic research?

    1. A.
      Japan
    2. B.
      Germany
    3. C.
      The United States
    4. D.
      China
  3. 3.

    According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

    1. A.
      If the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses
    2. B.
      The United States began genetic research early in the 19th century
    3. C.
      Many medical companies show great interest in drawing the human genome map
    4. D.
      The scientists have made great progress in connecting some genes with the cancers
  4. 4.

    What is mainly talked about in this passage?

    1. A.
      The great human genome
    2. B.
      The discovery of genes
    3. C.
      Unlocking the genetic code
    4. D.
      Genes and scientists

I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happen to be that unfairly treated member of society --- a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I am convinced the things are being run merely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a deceptive (欺骗的) new motto for so-called “service” organizations --- Staff Before Service.
How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there was not enough staff on duty to manage all the service grilles or checkout counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to hire cashiers and counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that uncovering all their cash registers at any one time would increase operating costs. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service grilles to be occupied “at times when demand is low”.　  
It is the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is cut short. As for us guests, we just have to put up with it. There is also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been thrown out of their jobs in the interests of “efficiency” and replaced by coin-eating machines which offer everything. Not to mention the tea-making kit in your room a kettle with a mixed collection of tea bags, plastic milk boxes and lump sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I do not, especially when I am paying for “service”.
Can it be stopped, this worsening of service, this growing attitude that the customer is always a trouble? I angrily hope so because it is happening, sadly, in all walks of life.
Our only hope is to hammer home our anger whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, bring back into practice that other, older slogan --- Take Our Deal Elsewhere

  1. 1.

    The writer feels that nowadays customers __________

    1. A.
      have become victims of modern organizations
    2. B.
      are unworthy of proper consideration
    3. C.
      have received high quality service
    4. D.
      deserve the lowest status in society
  2. 2.

    The writer argues that the quality of service is changing because __________

    1. A.
      customers’ demands have greatly changed
    2. B.
      customers’ needs have become more complex
    3. C.
      the staff receive more consideration than customers
    4. D.
      staff members are less considerate than their employers
  3. 3.

    According to the writer, long queues at counters are caused by __________

    1. A.
      not having enough male staff on duty
    2. B.
      difficulties in hiring more efficient staff
    3. C.
      not providing enough staff on purpose to reduce budget
    4. D.
      lack of cooperation between staff members
  4. 4.

    The writer suggests that a customer __________

    1. A.
      go to other places where good service is available
    2. B.
      put up with the rude manners of the staff
    3. C.
      try to control his temper when ill-treated
    4. D.
      be patient when queuing before checkout counters

Many adults in the United States can remember crying the nursery rhyme in the street "Hot cross buns!" But only a few people realize this was an early form of advertising.
Written advertisements probably began with hieroglyphics more than three thousand years ago, but only a few people could read these symbols. So merchants made signs with pictures or hung their tools over their doors to identify their businesses.
In the time of the Roman Empire, wall paintings were a popular form of advertisement. An ad for a play, or some other performance was painted on part of a building or on a wall around a city. People often advertised a house for rent or a freshwater bath in this way, too.
Today, large wall signs are still used for outdoor advertising. But outdoor advertising is only a small fraction of the total advertising. About forty per -cent of all ads are printed in daily newspapers. Radio commercials also provide this kind of information. Some people think they are the best form of advertising because radio broadcasts reach almost everyone in a nation.
Advertisements in magazines and on television reach many people, too. However, usually only large companies can advertise on a national network, because TV commercials shown across the country can cost many thousands of dollars.
Then there are ads that are almost part of daily living. If you use public transportation, you will see large printed ads, called ear cards, on buses and taxis and in trains. Ads are painted on the trucks that deliver products people are buying or selling

  1. 1.

    Which is the passage mainly discussing?

    1. A.
      Modern advertising
    2. B.
      Significance of advertising
    3. C.
      Development of advertising
    4. D.
      Origin of advertising
  2. 2.

    Which of the following is the original form of advertising?

    1. A.
      Signs with pictures
    2. B.
      Wall signs
    3. C.
      Street crying
    4. D.
      Wall painting
  3. 3.

    Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “hieroglyphics” in Paragraph 2?

    1. A.
      A signal
    2. B.
      A signature
    3. C.
      A symbol
    4. D.
      A form
  4. 4.

    Why did the merchants make signs with pictures or hang their tools over their doors ?

    1. A.
      To have their houses decorated
    2. B.
      To make their business known by public
    3. C.
      To enable people to learn how to read
    4. D.
      To advertise their houses to rent
  5. 5.

    Radio commercials are the best form of advertising because ____________

    1. A.
      they can be heard everywhere in a country
    2. B.
      they are cheap and fast
    3. C.
      they are most recently developed
    4. D.
      they can be understood by those who can neither read nor write

Heading back to the room for dinner and a hot shower may sound like the act of a tired tourist ,but in a traditional Japanese inn ─ or ryokan ─ those activities can be as interesting as anything along the sightseeing trail.“People going looking for a sort of nostalgic(怀旧的),old-fashioned ,and traditional view of Japanese life will find it most easily in a ryokan,”said Peter Grilli, the president of Japan Society of Boston, Massachusetts.
Many ryokans sprang up in the 17th century to put up feudal lords traveling along the Tokaido highway to Edo(now Tokyo). Today tourists looking for a taste of the country’s historic lifestyle find varying levels of understated elegance in ryokans throughout the country.
A typical stay starts with a greeting from the inn’s staff and a change from street shoes into slippers .An attendant leads guests to their rooms, where slippers are removed before walking on the rice-straw flooring, called tatami. Walking slowly along behind a kimonoclad（身穿和服的）attendant on the creaky wood floors of Fukuzumiro ryokan,s hallways is like stepping back in time. The inn was established in 1890 by a former samurai（武士）.
Tim Paterson ,33, a banker living in Tokyo, has stayed at several ryokans. This New Zealand native leaves after a recent stay at Fukuzumiro. “I think it’s quite good mixing culture with history and not just going to see it ,but living in it, staying in it,”he said. Sliding glass doors line the inn’s rural hallways, bringing in the sound of tricking water and the quietness of the stone and tree-filled courtyards outside

  1. 1.

    From the first paragraph, we can see that_________________

    1. A.
      there is no dinner and a hot shower in the ryokan
    2. B.
      such activities as dinner and shower in the ryokan can take you back in time
    3. C.
      such activities as dinner and shower mean the same both in ordinary inns and traditional inns
    4. D.
      such activities as dinner and shower are more important than the sightseeing for tourists
  2. 2.

    What’s the purpose of building so many ryokans in the 17th century?

    1. A.
      Providing rooms for the noble when they traveled
    2. B.
      Keeping the Japanese traditional style of life
    3. C.
      Making people feel elegant in the ryokan
    4. D.
      Attracting more tourists to put up in the ryokan
  3. 3.

    Which of the following shows the right order of tourists entering the ryokan?
    a. An attendant shows guests to their room;
    b. The guests take off their shoes; 
    c. The staff greet the guests; 
    d. The guests walk on tatami; 
    e. The guests take off slippers; 
    f. The guests put on slippers

    1. A.
      b ; c ; d ; e ; f ; a
    2. B.
      c ; b ; f ; a ; e ; d
    3. C.
      c ; a ; d ; b ; e ; f             D b ; a ; d ; e ; c ; f
  4. 4.

    From Tim Paterson’s words in the last paragraph ,we can infer that

    1. A.
      he will never stay in such a ryokan again
    2. B.
      he stays in such a ryokan just for its long history
    3. C.
      he feels relaxed and culturally enriched after staying in such a ryokan
    4. D.
      he would rather live in such a ryokan than go back home

One evening I went out and left my 17-year-old son and his girlfriend in charge of his 8-year-old brother and 4-year-old sister. I left with complete confidence that the older children would do a wonderful job of babysitting the younger children and the younger children would do a wonderful job of accompanying（陪伴）the older ones. Later, I discovered that I was completely wrong.
I had decided to return home earlier than planned so that my son and his girlfriend could go out. I called home with this happy news. But instead of hearing his cheerful, grateful voice on the other end of the line, all I heard was the sound of a telephone ringing.
It was, I should point out, after 10 p.m., when the two younger children should have been in bed, and when the two older children should have been answering the phone. “I’ll give him a lesson, ” I said．I decided they must be outside．Why they might be outside at 10:30 on a winter night I had no idea, but it was the only explanation I could come up with.
Finally, in desperation（绝望）, I called his girlfriend’s house. His girlfriend answered. “Yes,” she said brightly, “He’s right here.”
He came on the phone．I was not my usual calm, patient. After all, one of the rules of survival for modern parents is that you can’t trust modern teenagers. “Where are the children?” I said. He said they were with him. They had done nothing wrong. My son had taken the younger children over to his girlfriend’s house just for ice cream and cake. Well, it turns out that I shouldn’t have believed it. It was only part of the truth.
The following Saturday evening we were at my parents’ home, celebrating my birthday. My oldest son gave me the children’s gifts — a series of lovely color photographs of my children, dressed in their best clothes, and wearing their most wonderful expressions. They are pictures to treasure a lifetime, all taken by the father of my son’s girlfriend

  1. 1.

    The author went out and left her eldest son in charge of the younger children because________

    1. A.
      she knew that his girlfriend was a good baby-sitter
    2. B.
      she believed he could take good care of the younger ones with the help of his girlfriend
    3. C.
      the older children have always loved the younger ones
    4. D.
      she could not find a baby-sitter on that winter night
  2. 2.

    Shortly after the author left home one evening, she discovered that _________

    1. A.
      her son had brought his girlfriend home
    2. B.
      her son had left home with his girlfriend
    3. C.
      she shouldn’t have completely trusted her son
    4. D.
      she should have taken the children along with her
  3. 3.

    “It was only part of the truth.” implies that the children not only enjoyed ice-cream but also _________

    1. A.
      had their pictures taken
    2. B.
      received some gifts
    3. C.
      had a birthday party
    4. D.
      showed off their best clothes
  4. 4.

    Which is the best title of this passage?

    1. A.
      An Evening Out
    2. B.
      Modern Teenagers
    3. C.
      Mother and Children
    4. D.
      A Precious Birthday Gift

I read a letter of a mother of a gifted child to an expert with gifted children stating that her son was always complaining that he doesn’t like his teacher for she talks in baby language and she lets them sing baby songs. Having an insufficient（不足够的） understanding of being different from their normally developing classmates, gifted children may find themselves wanting to learn more than being boxed with other kids of their age. They want to quench（解渴） their thirst for knowledge. However, in the process, they tend to develop negative（负面的） thoughts about school and teachers. Thus, they tend to exhibit behavioral problems.
Behavioral problems of gifted children could be mainly correlated（相关的） to their asynchronous（不同步的） development. This development means that the child has uneven（不均衡的） development in their mind, body and emotions. To explain further, a gifted child may live in different ages at once. He may show high intellectual（智力的） capabilities at some point but the time his emotions rule, he would go back to his true age going through tantrums（脾气发作） and endless sobbing（哭泣）. He maybe find it happy playing with kids his age but the next day, he would be bored with that and he would find conversing with older kids to be more challenging.
Because of high intellectual level, a gifted child often acts differently in his own classroom. He has the thinking of being above from the rest of his classmates when it comes to grades, academic awards and school recognitions. In classroom discussions, the child may be very cooperative（合作的） having advanced knowledge in the lessons but it is mostly that he will suffer from boredom as he is not challenged by the lessons and he would feel no improvement with them

  1. 1.

    Which of the following best explains the asynchronous development?

    1. A.
      A child has good development both in mind and body
    2. B.
      A child cannot get along well with his classmates
    3. C.
      A child is intellectually developed but not equal with emotionally
    4. D.
      A child doesn’t feel happy with his school and teachers
  2. 2.

    What is most likely to be talked about in the paragraph following the passage?

    1. A.
      How a gifted child gets along with his classmates
    2. B.
      How to get a gifted child involved（被卷入） in a classroom discussion
    3. C.
      What can arouse（激发） a gifted child’s interest
    4. D.
      How a teacher should handle a gifted child in class
  3. 3.

    We can infer from the passage that ______

    1. A.
      we needn’t pay special attention to gifted children
    2. B.
      a gifted child is well above others in every way
    3. C.
      it’s best to teach a gifted child separately
    4. D.
      teaching a gifted child can be challenging

WASHINGTON—Laura Straub is a very worried woman. Her job is to find families for French teenagers who expect to live with American families in the summer.
It is not easy, even hopeless.
“We have many children left to place—40 out of 75,” said Straub, who works for a Paris-based foreigner-exchange program started 50 years ago. Family life was more than accommodating (提供膳宿). For one thing, more mothers stayed at home. But now, increasing numbers of women work outside the home. Exchange-student programs have struggled in recent years to sign up host (主人) families for the 30 000 teenagers who every year come from abroad to spend a school year in the United States, as well as the thousands more who take part in summer programs.
School systems in many parts of the U.S., unhappy about accepting non-taxpaying students, have also strictly limited the number of exchange students they accepted. At the same time, the idea of hosting foreign students is becoming less exotic.
In search for host families, who usually receive no pay, exchange programs are increasingly broadening their requests to include everyone from young couples to retirees.
“We are open to many different types of families,” said Vickie Weiner, eastern area director for ASSE, a 25-year-old program that sends about 30 000 teenagers on school-year exchange programs worldwide.
For elderly people, exchange students “keep us young—they really do”, said Jen Foster, who is hosting 16-year-old Nina Post from Denmark

  1. 1.

    The underlined word “exotic” means _________

    1. A.
      difficult
    2. B.
      wonderful
    3. C.
      exciting
    4. D.
      accommodating
  2. 2.

    According to the text, why was it easier for Laura Straub to find American families for foreign students?

    1. A.
      More mothers wasn’t working outside and was able to afford to look after children
    2. B.
      American school systems were better than now
    3. C.
      Foreign students paid hosting families a lot of money
    4. D.
      The government was happy because it could gain tax
  3. 3.

    Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

    1. A.
      All the families can host foreign students
    2. B.
      Only young couples can host foreign students
    3. C.
      Only those who were retired can host foreign students
    4. D.
      Exchange programs are open to many different types of families including everyone from young couples to retirees
  4. 4.

    Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

    1. A.
      U.S. Struggle to Find host Families
    2. B.
      Idea of Hosting Students is Different
    3. C.
      Foreign-exchange Program Is Going on
    4. D.
      Exchange Students Keep Old People Young

For most of my 15 years, my father usually said very little to my mother and me. He preferred reading the newspaper or watching football matches on television to talking to his family.
Everything changed one morning. As soon as I came downstairs to breakfast, I could see that he wasn’t his usual reserved (缄默的) self. “Can’t wait! FIFA World Cup! Big match! Must see!”    I quickly figured out what all the excitement was about: Dad is a big football fan.
I had never been interested in football, but Dad’s excitement that morning made me more and more curious. I had to find out why this sport was making my normally reserved father act like a five-year-old on his first trip to Disneyland.
Dad decided that we should all eat at a little German restaurant so that we could watch the World Cup while eating. Secretly, I think he was hoping to turn Mum and me into football fans.
The match started a few minutes after we entered the restaurant. As I was eating my meal, a loud noise came from the television. Surprised, I looked up at the TV: “Why is that man jumping up and down?” Dad patiently explained: “That’s Papa Bouba Diop, my son. It’s normal for them to jump up and down after they’ve scored.”
Dad explained almost everything to me. His monosyllabic (单音节的) answers were a thing of the past. I loved the new Dad! I watched the rest of the match, becoming more and more interested. When I told my father that I planned to watch more matches with him, he smiled and gave me a wink (眨眼). At long last we had something in common.
Football has really helped Dad and me get closer and form a stronger relationship with each other. Who says football is only about 22 men running after a silly ball?

  1. 1.

    Which of the following words can best describe the author’s father?

    1. A.
      A talkative football player
    2. B.
      A parent busy at work
    3. C.
      An encouraging father
    4. D.
      A man of few words
  2. 2.

    What made the author curious about his father one morning?

    1. A.
      His unusual excitement
    2. B.
      His unexpressed eagerness
    3. C.
      His great interest in the newspaper
    4. D.
      His high expectation of the winner
  3. 3.

    The author’s growing interest in watching the match mainly came from________

    1. A.
      his and his father’s common love of German food
    2. B.
      watching a top level performance of the players
    3. C.
      his father’s love of football and his explanation
    4. D.
      eating in a restaurant with the excited fans
  4. 4.

    What can we learn from the passage?

    1. A.
      Sharing is the foundation of good relationship
    2. B.
      Family members should be fans together
    3. C.
      Interest is the mother of success
    4. D.
      Personality decides everything

Need to relax after a few stressful months? Perhaps you need to go to a spa.
First of all, what exactly is a spa? Traditionally, spas were places with a natural spring producing warm waters that could be used in hydrotherapy (水疗法) treatments. They were places where you “took the waters” --- meaning you drank some of the water or bathed in it.
But nowadays, a “spa” can mean a variety of things. In general, the term is often used to refer to commercial establishment that provides many services for health, fitness, weight loss, beauty and relaxation. This may include exercise classes, mud baths, body treatment, facials (美容), etc.
In Japan, traditional hot springs have attracted visitors for centuries. And thermal baths (温泉浴) have been found in the ruins of the Cretan Palace of Knossos (2000-1400 B.C.). It was the Romans who made spas popular in Europe. They established a number of towns around thermal waters. These include the English town of Aquae Sulis (which is called Bath today), and the Belgian town of Aquae Spadanae (which is known as Spa these days).
In the 18th century, spas became the fashionable places to go on holiday. Bath and Harrogate in the UK were popular with British rich people. And in Europe Carsbad (now called Larlovy Vary), Marienbad and Franzensbsf were Europe’s most important holiday centers.
A typical day in Carsbad in the 19th century went as follows. Visitors got up at 6:00 a.m. to take the waters and listen to music by a band. Next, came a light breakfast, a bath in the waters, and then lunch. In the afternoon, visitors went sightseeing, walked or attended concerts. After dinner, there were theatrical performances. Guests returned to their hotels at about 9 p.m. to rest until six the following morning. Visitors would stay for as long as a month. Some of the more famous patients at these spas included the composers Beethoven and Chopin, and the Russian writer Turgnev.
Marienbad was the best spa town. It was popular with the inventor Thomas Edison, the writer Johann Goethe, and many famous people and European emperors.
Today, although taking the waters isn’t as common as it used to be, spa treatments are more popular than ever

  1. 1.

    What can we learn about a spa?

    1. A.
      It makes profits mainly on facials
    2. B.
      It is a center for rich people to relax
    3. C.
      It provides more services than before
    4. D.
      It is where one can get medical treatment
  2. 2.

    From Paragraph 4, we can infer that ___________

    1. A.
      spas have a history of about 200 years
    2. B.
      Japan has more spas than any other countries
    3. C.
      the Romans played a positive part in the popularity of spas
    4. D.
      ordinary people could enjoy thermal baths in 18th-century UK
  3. 3.

    At the spas in Carlsbad, ____________

    1. A.
      many visitors had facials
    2. B.
      guests often stayed for at least a month
    3. C.
      Thomas Edison was a regular guest
    4. D.
      guests had a bath between breakfast and lunch
  4. 4.

    What can we learn from the passage?

    1. A.
      The former name of Larlovy Vary was Carlsbad
    2. B.
      Spa treatments are not so popular as before
    3. C.
      Chopin visited Marienbad frequently
    4. D.
      Marienbad is located in the UK

The human body has hundreds of muscles. The three types are skeletal(骨骼的) muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac, or heart muscles. Each kind of muscle has a special job to do. 
The skeletal muscles are attached to the bones; they actually hold the skeleton together. Strong cords, called tendons(肌腱), help connect these muscles to the bones. Skeletal muscles give us strength and allow us to move in many ways. If you look at skeletal muscles through a microscope, you will see that it has bands of fibers that look like stripes(条纹). These stripes are called striations. Skeletal muscles usually move because the brain has sent a conscious message to them telling them what to do. This is called voluntary movement.
Another type of muscle is smooth muscle. Unlike skeletal muscle, smooth muscle does not have striations. This is found in organs such as the stomach, the bladder(膀胱), the lungs and the eyes. Smooth muscles are smaller than the skeletal muscles and they move involuntarily. The brain tells these muscles what to do, but we aren’t even aware of it. For example, we don’t have to think about breathing or digesting food. The smooth muscles just do their jobs automatically. For this reason smooth muscles are sometimes called involuntary muscles.
Like smooth muscle, cardiac muscle also works involuntarily. It is a very thick muscle that is found only in the walls of the heart. Its job is to pump blood out of the heart and into blood vessels called arteries(动脉). The arteries help carry the blood to all parts of the body. When the cardiac muscles relax, they let blood back into the heart. Cardiac muscles have striations, just like skeletal muscles do

  1. 1.

    When we _______, the job is done by smooth muscles

    1. A.
      close our eyes
    2. B.
      kick a ball
    3. C.
      hug our friends
    4. D.
      lift a suitcase
  2. 2.

    Skeletal muscles and heart muscles are alike because_______

    1. A.
      both can move voluntarily
    2. B.
      both are thick muscles
    3. C.
      both are bigger than smooth muscles
    4. D.
      both have stripes called striations
  3. 3.

    Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

    1. A.
      Heart muscles are very important because they give us strength and allow us to move
    2. B.
      The heart of human beings completely consists of heart muscle
    3. C.
      The skeletal muscles are connected to the bones by tendons
    4. D.
      Smooth muscle does its work without receiving message from the brain
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